El ibhere elibomvu ikakhulukazi eNyakatho Melika, ngaphambili kwakusentshonalanga kanye namaThafa Amakhulu ase-USA, into engokwemvelo ukwazi ukuthi badinga kufika ku-1554 square km ukuze bazizwe "ekhaya". Ezinye izici zalolu hlobo zizochazwa futhi ekugcineni izingozi ezibasongela nsuku zonke.
Ibhere elibomvu
Lolu uhlobo lwezilwane ezihlala eYurophu njengezinhlobo ezingaphansi ibhere elinsundu laseMexico, ngemva kweminyaka benza izinguquko ezithile ezabahlukanisa nabo, kodwa basenazo izici ezifanayo njenge isivinini sebhere elinsundu y lingakanani isisindo sebhere eliyigrizzly, nakuba lezi zamuva zihluka kuye ngokuthi zikuphi.
Igama layo lesayensi ngu Ursus arctos horribilis lokho ungowohlobo lwe-Ursus yomndeni Ursidae, okuyingxenye ye-oda inyamazane, isigaba: Umammalia, phila: I-Chordata lobukhosi Izilwane.
Izici
Eqinisweni, ezinye izici zebhere elinombala oluhlaza zingachazwa ohlwini olulandelayo, ukuze bese ukhuluma kancane ngokuziphatha ezivame ukuba nazo lapho zisendle, ukuthi zidlani, ziphila kuphi njengamanje nokuthi hlobo luni lwe-ecosystem ezihlala kuzo. khetha bese kuba kanjani ukukhiqizwa kwala mabhere.
- Ibhere elicwebezelayo lingaba imitha ubude futhi lime ngawo omane futhi lingafinyelela amamitha amabili uma lime kokubili kwawo. Mayelana nesisindo, zingafinyelela ku-360 noma 550 kilos noma zibe nesisindo esincane kuye ngokuthi zikuphi.
- Ngokungafani nebhere elinsundu, i-grizzly ine-hump emhlane wayo ethanda ukumbiwa kwalesi silwane.
- Okunye okubahlukanisayo kwamanye amabhere ukuthi asinda kakhulu kunawo, hhayi ngenxa yokudla kwawo kodwa ngenxa yesakhiwo samathambo.
- Izinzipho zazo zingafinyelela kumasentimitha ayi-10.
- Zibonakala ziwuhlobo oluncane olunensayo uma uzibona zihamba njengoba zivame ukwenza usuku lonke, nokho, zingashesha kakhulu futhi zingafinyelela kumakhilomitha angama-55 zigijima.
Ukuziphatha
Mayelana nokuziphatha kwalolu hlobo lwezilwane, zivame ukuba nolaka kakhulu, zivikela indawo yazo futhi zincintisane kakhulu nezinye abesilisa ngisho nabesifazane. Eqinisweni, lapho zishisa lezi zici ezintathu zinamandla kakhulu kwabesilisa. Phakathi naleso sikhathi, ezinsikazi zikhulisa ulaka lapho amazinyane azo ezalwa, zibavikela kakhulu kuzo kanye nendawo yazo, ngalesi sikhathi lapho abantu besengozini enkulu.
Empeleni ukudla kwe-grizzly bear akubandakanyi abantu, ngokuhamba kwesikhathi sizobona ukuthi bavame ukudla nsuku zonke, kodwa uma umuntu esondela kakhulu akugwemeki ukuthi bazombulala noma badle uma bebonakala njengosongo kumuntu. abasha. Uma zingekho ekushiseni noma zinezingane ziyazola, kodwa ziseyingozi kakhulu kulabo abaseduze.
Ukudla
Lezi zilwane ezincelisayo ziyi-omnivores, okungukuthi, ukudla kwazo kusekelwe ezintweni eziphilayo njengalezo ezingezombuso. Tshala futhi nasezidalwa zombuso Izilwane. Ezinye izilwane zingadla utshani obuqinile noma obuthambile, zingadla izimpande zezihlahla nezitshalo, kanye namagxolo esihlahla. IsihlahlaBathanda kokubili izithelo namantongomane asezindaweni ezishisayo, imifino, amacimbi nezimbungulu.
Ezinhlotsheni zezilwane, izinhlanzi ezinjengama-salmon ziyizintandokazi zazo, amabhere amancane aqala ukuzijwayeza ukudoba aze abe ochwepheshe be-salmon, bass, trout noma ezinye izinhlanzi zokudoba, ukudla okusekelwe ezinhlotsheni zasolwandle kubonakala kuwanika amaprotheni amaningi kunokudla. bangena phakathi nezwe, lokhu kufakazelwa ngokuqhathanisa ubukhulu be-grizzlies ogwini kanye nama-grizzlies amahlathi.
Angase futhi azingele ama-elk, ama-reindeer, i-caribou, inyamazane yaseCanada, izinyamazane, inyathi, futhi aseke abonwa edla amabhere amnyama. Baqhubeka nokudla emini hhayi nje ukuze baziphekele kodwa ukuze balungiselele isikhathi sabo sokulala, lapho bekwazi ukuvuka benesisindo esingamakhilogremu angu-180.
Habitat
Okwamanje uyatholakala kulezi zindawo ezilandelayo:
- EMontana,
- Washington D.C.,
- I-Yellowstone,
- ECanada,
- Durango,
- Idaho,
- Chihuahuas,
- Alaska,
- I-Wyoming,
- ISiberia, ikakhulukazi eNhlonhlweni yaseKamchatka.
EYurophu bangabonakala kuphela eziqiwini lapho behlala khona ekuthunjweni ngenxa yezinhlangano ezithile, lokhu ngoba abaseYurophu bazinikele ekucekeleni phansi imvelo yabo ngokuhamba kwesikhathi kuze kube manje.
Indawo yabo yokuhlala kumele ibe nkulu impela ngoba bachitha usuku lonke behamba beyofuna ukudla, kumele futhi ibe yodwa futhi ibe nezinsiza ezibavumela ukuthi bambe ukuze bakhe imihume. Izibonelo zezindawo ezikahle kakhulu amahlathi e-coniferous lapho izinhlobo ezimbili zama-grizzlies ezizwelana nazo zigcwele kakhulu: amaphayini namafir. Ziyakwazi futhi ukusinda ezindaweni ezihlala emahlathini noma ezindaweni ezinotshani.
Ukuzala
Phakathi kukaMeyi noJulayi la mabhere avame ukukhwelana, ngalesi sikhathi amaduna anolaka kakhulu kunawo wonke unyaka ngoba avikela indawo yawo ngonya kakhulu, hhayi kwamanye amaduna kuphela kodwa nakwabesifazane abangasondelana kancane. . . Nakuba lapho owesifazane ethola owesilisa aqala yonke inqubo yawo yokuqomisana ebonakala ngokujahana nokudlala amahora amaningi kuze kube ngemva kokuhlanganisa ahlukana ngokuphelele.
Iqanda alifaki esibelethweni sabesifazane ngokushesha ngemva kokuhlangana, kuthatha izinyanga ezimbalwa ukuthi lokhu kwenzeke. Ngaleso sikhathi bangase babe nokushisa okuhlukahlukene. Lapho ekugcineni iqanda lifakwa, baqala ukulala, okungase kuhlale cishe izinyanga eziyisithupha kuyilapho kudlula izinyanga ezibandayo. Bangaba nengane eyodwa noma amabili ekukhulelweni ngakunye futhi lapho bezalwa ngokuvamile bahlala phakathi kweminyaka emibili noma emine ndawonye.
Izinsongo
Kubalulekile ukukhumbula ukuthi lolu hlobo, njengezinye, lusongelwa yizici eziningi okuthi, uma ziqhubeka, zingase zilufake ohlwini lwe Izilwane ezisengozini emhlabeni, isibonelo, ukucekelwa phansi kwezindawo zabo zokuhlala ngenxa yezenzo zabantu: ukugawulwa okukhulu kwezihlahla, ukushiswa kwamahektha, ukuthuthela emadolobheni ezindaweni ezithile, njll. Ngokunjalo, ukuguquka kwesimo sezulu, ukushiswa kwamahlathi kanye nokuzingela kwala mabhere kungenye yezingozi eziningi abhekana nazo cishe nsuku zonke.
Ngaphambilini, amabhere angama-grizzly ayengaphezu kuka-50.000 emhlabeni wonke, nokho, lesi sibalo esikhulu sehle kakhulu njengoba abantu bethathe ingxenye enkulu yomhlaba la mabhere atholakala kuwo. Indawo yabo yokuhlala kancane kancane yaba emadolobheni futhi ngesikhathi esifanayo ukuzingela okunonya kwalawa mabhere kwabangela ukulimala okuningi emphakathini wawo. Ngo-1960 kwakulinganiselwa ku-600 kuya ku-800 amabhere angama-grizzly e-United States endle.
Kodwa-ke, lolu hlobo oluthile lungase lube olunye lwembalwa kakhulu eziye zalondolozwa ngempumelelo ezindaweni ezihlukahlukene. Lokhu kungenxa yemithetho ezivikelayo futhi yazibeka ohlwini lwezilwane ezivikelwe nezisengozini yokushabalala e-United States. Kancane kancane, inani lala mabhere liye landa futhi atholakala ezindaweni ezilulamayo, lapho ngaphezu kokuwanakekela njengezilwane, aye anakekela le mvelo futhi azama ukuthuthukisa ukuziphatha umphakathi onakho. bona.
Njengamanje kulinganiselwa ukuthi kunamabhere angama-grizzly aphakathi kuka-1.400 no-1.700 e-United States kuphela, lesi sizwe sibe nomthwalo wemfanelo wokuvikela ngokusemthethweni lolu hlobo lwezilwane. Isibonelo salokhu kwakungamacala asenkantolo amelene ne-Fish and Wildlife Service eyayifuna ukuqeda lolu hlobo lwezilwane ngo-2017 (okwesibili), izinkampani eziqashelwayo njenge-Disney Conservation Fund kanye ne-National Geographic Society zisebenze ndawonye ukuze zisekele lezi zenzo. ukuvikela lolu hlobo.