I-Miscanthus sinensis: zingaki izinhlobo ezikhona futhi zilinywa nini?

Nakuba namuhla isetshenziswa njengesitshalo sokuhlobisa, akumelwe silahlekelwe umbono weqiniso lokuthi lukhula ngoba lukhula kakhulu, ikakhulukazi ezindaweni ezonakele ezisemaphethelweni amadolobha. Njengoba kwenzeka eChina noma e-Afrika.

Futhi kungani ukhula seluphenduke isitshalo sokuhlobisa? Ngenxa yobuhle nobuhle bayo, okuyenze isitshalo esiyigugu. Kangangoba namuhla kubhekwa njengephakathi kwe Izitshalo zasengadini ezikwazi ukumelana nesithwathwa futhi ngisho eyodwa ye izitshalo zokuhlobisa ikakhulukazi ukuba nazo ngisho ezimbizeni. Njenganoma yiluphi ukhula, inendawo yokuzala ngokushesha futhi imelane ngisho nasemhlabathini ompofu kanye nezimo ezingezinhle.

Uzihlukanisa kanjani IMiscanthus sinensis?

Yaziwa kakhulu ngokuthi I-Miscanthus, I-Eulalia noma utshani obusiliva baseShayina, kwezesayensi yezitshalo buyi-a isitshalo sezimbali womndeni wotshani I-Poaceae.

Igama livelaphi I-Miscanthus (Miscanthus)

Igama le-botanical lisuselwa kwelesiLatini I-Miscanthus elisuka egameni lesiGreki ama-miskos, okungukuthi, 'isiqu', futhi i-anthos Isho ukuthini 'imbali'? ngokubhekisela kuma-pedunculated spikelets ahlukanisayo.

Leli gama sinensis ikhombisa umsuka isi-Chinese nakuba lesi sitshalo sitholakala naseJapane, Korea, Taiwan ngisho nase-Afrika.

Izinhlobo ze- i-miscanthus evame kakhulu

Umndeni wonke we-botanical I-Miscanthus ihlanganisa cishe izinhlobo ezingamashumi amabili ezihlukene, zonke zingavamile futhi zizinhle.

Okusakazeke kakhulu ngokungangabazeki yilezi zinhlobonhlobo esikhuluma ngazo namuhla, lapho kukhiqizwa uchungechunge lwezitshalo ezihlanganisiwe ezinezici ezihluke ngokwengxenye. Namuhla kunezinhlobo ezingaba ngu-200 zama-hybrids anikezwe ezinhlotsheni sinensis.

Sinjani lesi sitshalo?

Lesi sitshalo singafinyelela ku-150 cm ukuphakama no-150 ububanzi. Inesici esiyingqayizivele esiyi-panicle inflorescence ephuzi ngokuphaphathekile. Lokhu kunikeza ukubukeka  UCortaderia Selloana noma utshani be-pampas. Isuka eChina, isabalele eJapan, Korea naseTaiwan. Impande yalesi sitshalo iyi-rhizome enamandla kakhulu. Isiqu sifinyelela kumamitha ama-2 ukuphakama, siyisiqu esiqondile esinama-inflorescences anezimpaphe ekugcineni.

Amaqabunga awo anombala oluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka noluhlaza okotshani, azacile anemithambo esiliva, futhi ayaphapha emoyeni enza umsindo omncane owenza ahluke.

I-Las flores ziqoqwe ngama-panicles noma ama-spikes akhiwe izimbali eziningi ezincane ezi-silvery-white noma eziphuzi-orange ezihlala esitshalweni izinyanga.

Izimpawu zezinhlobo ezahlukene ze-Miscanthus

Nazi ezinye izici zezinhlobo ezahlukene zezitshalo:

• I-Miscanthus sinensis gracillimus. Lolu hlobo lufinyelela ubude obungama-50-60 cm futhi luyisitshalo sokuhlobisa esinamaqabunga amahle kakhulu aluhlaza. Ivumelana kahle kunoma iyiphi indawo futhi imelana nokubanda ngisho nesomiso. Iqhakaza ekwindla nasebusika bonke. Ilungele izingadi, ikakhulukazi ebusika.
• I-Miscanthus sinensis sacchariflorus. Lokhu kungafinyelela ku-2 m ubude futhi kukhule ngisho nasemhlabathini owomile. Kodwa ayikwazi ukuphila emanzini amile. NgoSepthemba kumila izimbali ezinsomi ezishintsha zibe isiliva ebusika. Kuyinto evamile izingadi, futhi ebusika, kodwa kufanele ibe endaweni enelanga.
• I-Miscanthus sinensis variegatus. Ikhula ifike ku-1,5 m ubude futhi inobubanzi obungama-50 cm. Amaqabunga awo aluhlaza anemithambo ephuzi futhi ngokuvamile afakwa ezimbizeni njengesitshalo sokuhlobisa. Izimbali eziphinki zivela ngasekwindla ezizocaca ngokuhamba kwesikhathi.
• I-Miscanthus sinensis zebrinus. Ingaphezu kuka-1 m ubude futhi ifinyelela ku-60 cm ububanzi, inamaqabunga aminyene anombala osaphuzi osagolide. Imelana nenhlabathi eyomile futhi ukuqhakaza kwayo, eqala phakathi kuka-August no-September, ihlala ngaphandle kokuwa kuze kube ubusika obubandayo.
• I-Miscanthus sinensis purpurascens. Kuyisitshalo se-rustic ukumelana kakhulu. Lokhu okuhlukile kubonakala ngezimbali zayo ezinsomi ezigqamayo lapho izinga lokushisa lasebusuku liqina kakhulu.
• I-Miscanthus sinensis 'Morning light'.Lokhu ukuhluka okuncane kakhulu. Iyingxube yebhodwe ngoba ayikhuli kakhulu. Amaqabunga awo anemibala emhlophe futhi aphendule isiliva uma eshaywa umoya.
• I-Miscanthus sinensis strictus. Inezigaxa eziwugqinsi ezinamahlamvu aluhlaza aminyene anophuzi osagolide asuka ku-inflorescence enama-tufted athambile. Iqinile ebusika, ingatshalwa emhlabathini nasemabhodweni ngaphandle.
• I-Miscanthus sinensis giganteus. Inokubaluleka kokuba nkulu kakhulu, empeleni ifinyelela ku-3 m ukuphakama. Iphinde yande emazweni abandayo kakhulu enyakatho yeChina naseSiberia. Ibambelela kahle kakhulu ubusika bonke. Inani layo lokuhlobisa liyaziswa kakhulu ngenxa yokumelana nokubanda, empeleni likwazi ukuhlala lihle futhi ligcwele ama-inflorescence ngisho nasezindaweni ezinesimo sezulu esibi. Inamandla okumunca i-carbon dioxide ngobuningi. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ihloselwe ukukhiqizwa kwe i-biomass. Isetshenziswa njengophethiloli wokufudumeza ngoba inesivuno esikhulu: ihektha elingu-1 elinywayo omkhulu Ingakhiqiza phakathi kwamathani angama-20 nama-25 ento eyomile ukuze isha.

Ukutshalwa kwe-Miscanthus sinensis

Njengoba sesishilo, yisitshalo esimelana nakho kokubili amakhaza nesomiso noma inhlabathi eyomile. Ukuba ukhula, kulula ukukhula, ikakhulukazi uma lezi zeluleko ezilula zilandelwa:

• Ukukhula emabhodweni. Nakuba kuwukhula kodwa ingatshalwa ezimbizeni. Kulokhu, izinhlobonhlobo ze-ad hoc kufanele zikhethwe, ngoba azidingi indawo enkulu yokusabalalisa.
• Ukutshala endaweni egcwele. Singayitshala nasengadini yasekhaya. Ngokunwetshwa kwemitha engaphezu kweyodwa ngokwesilinganiso kokubili ubude nobubanzi, ingenza njenge uthango windbreak noma njengesitshalo esihlukanisayo ukwandisa ubumfihlo bengadi yangasese. Inani layo lokuhlobisa linikezwa ukuqhakaza kwayo okude nokuqinile.
• izinga lokushisa nendawo. Iyakwazi ukubekezelela amazinga okushisa asebusika. Eqinisweni, ezinye izinhlobo ziyakwazi ukumelana kuze kufike ku-20 °, njenge- Okukhulu. Ezinye izinhlobo zimelana namakhaza, kodwa hhayi isithwathwa, yingakho kufanele zigcinwe zivikelekile futhi sebenzisa i-mulch enhle. Kufanele zigcinwe elangeni noma emthunzini oyingxenye.
• Umhlaba. Umhlabathi ozifanela kahle kufanele ube ovundile, ube ne-peaty futhi unomswakama kancane. Okungcono kakhulu inhlabathi ecebile ngezinto eziphilayo futhi ngaphezu kwakho konke ekhanywe kahle.
• Umanyolo. Uma kufika intwasahlobo kuyalulekwa ukuthi wengeze umanyolo we-ternary complex ocebile nge-nitrogen (N), i-potassium (K) ne-phosphorus (P) noma umquba we-granulated, ongasiza ekukhuleni kwesitshalo esincane.
• Ukuqhakaza. Ingxenye yobuhle balesi sitshalo ilele ngokunembile ekuqhakazeni kwaso, okude futhi okuqinile. Ukuqhakaza kwayo kuyahlukahluka maqondana nezinhlobo ezitshalwayo kodwa ngokwesilinganiso iqhakaza phakathi kuka-August nokuphela kuka-October.
• Ukuthena. Masikhumbule ukuthi iwukhula, ngakho-ke, ingahlasela uma inganakekelwa. Kungcono ukwenza izenzo zokugunda ekupheleni kobusika ngabunye. Ukuthena kufanele kwenziwe ngamathuluzi afanele futhi kugqoke amagilavu ​​okulima ngoba amaqabunga angaphuka.

Sinisela nini futhi malini isitshalo se-Miscanthus sinensis

Iyakwazi ukumelana nesomiso. Njengobunye utshani, idinga ukuniselwa ngamanzi emvula kuphela. Inkinga wukuthi ngokushintsha kwesimo sezulu imvula iyancipha, ngakho-ke kungcono ukunisela ngezikhathi ezithile uma izulu lingani. Kodwa uma siya kude kakhulu sizowuminza, kufanele sibone ukuthi umhlaba unomswakama omncane. Sekwanele.

Ungalingisa kanjani i-Miscanthus siniensis

Iwukhula oluhlaselayo, ngakho-ke luphindaphindeka ngokwemvelo ngendlela ehlaselayo, ngakho-ke kufanele uqaphele ukuthi alungeni kwezinye izitshalo engadini. Noma kunjalo, uma ufuna ukuyitshala ungasebenzisa:

• Imbewu. Ukuhlwanyela kwesitshalo kwenziwa phakathi kukaMashi no-April. Lapho isithombo simila, cishe ngemva kwamasonto ama-2, singafakwa ebhodweni, sigcinwe kude nokubanda ngokweqile nesithwathwa. Ngonyaka olandelayo, isithombo sizoba namandla ngokwanele ukuba sibekwe unomphela emhlabathini.
• Ngokuhlukana. Entwasahlobo noma ekwindla, isithombo simila ebhodweni futhi sitshalwe ngemva konyaka.

Singayihlanganisa kanjani i-Miscanthus sinensis nezinye izitshalo ezingadini

Amaqabunga esitshalo apheshulwa umoya futhi akhiqize umsindo othambile kuyilapho ama-inflorescences asiliva abonakala ebamba ukukhanya ngisho nasebusika. Lokho kubenza babe bahle engadini, futhi bahlanganiswa kalula nezitshalo ezifana ne-bamboo, rosehip, URudbeckia, I-Heliopsis helianthoides, sedum, I-Achillea rubus, Ii-cylindrical mperata 'I-Red Baron'...

Yini ekuthintayo?

Kuyisitshalo se-rustic futhi simelana kahle nokuhlaselwa kwezinambuzane ezinjenge-aphid kanye ne-mealybugs. Nokho, zikhona izifo fungal ezingasibulala like ukugqwala kwezitshalo, okwenzeka namabala ansundu emaqabunga. O kahle impande iyabola ngenxa yamanzi amileyo emhlabathini.

Okuthakazelisayo mayelana ne-Miscanthus

Kukhona izinto ezithokozisayo okufanele uzazi ngalesi sitshalo, njengokuthi manje sisetshenziselwa ukuhlanza inhlabathi ezinsimbi ezisindayo nezinye izinto eziyingozi, sisetshenziswa njengombozo wezitshalo kwezolimo nanjengokulala ngabafuyi bezimvu. Izinhlobo ze-giganteus zitshalwa ukukhiqiza i-biomass ezosetshenziselwa ukushisa ngendlela yemvelo.

Ingabe isitshalo esinobuthi?

Ayinabuthi kubantu noma ezilwaneni.