I-Coccinellidae noma edume kakhulu i-ladybug, isinambuzane esivela emndenini we-Coleoptera, nayo ephuma emndenini omkhulu we-Cucujoidea. Lezi zinambuzane ezincane zinamagama amaningi emhlabeni jikelele, kodwa njengoba kushiwo ngenhla, ezivame kakhulu "Ladybug". Ngezansi uzokwazi ukuthola yonke into ehlobene nalesi sinambuzane esincane esithakazelisayo.
I-ladybug
Ama-Ladybugs angenye yezinambuzane ezibonakala kalula futhi, ngaphezu kwakho konke, abalimi baziswa kakhulu. Into yokuqala efika emakhanda abantu uma becabanga ngalesi sinambuzane isici saso esikhulu nesihlaba umxhwele kakhulu, ingemuva laso eliyindilinga elinombala obomvu ogqamile namachashaza amancane ayindilinga amnyama. Naphezu kwalokhu, kusenezinhlobonhlobo eziningi, ezinemibala ngaphandle kobomvu. Lawa ma-Coccinellidae avame ukudla ama-aphid, okuwenza abe wusizo kakhulu.
Lesi sinambuzane esincane futhi esiyingqayizivele sinamagama ahlukene noma iziteketiso kuye ngezwe lapho sikhona futhi kuye ngokuhlukahluka. Okuvame ukuthandwa kakhulu yizi: ladybird, vaquita de San Antonio, catita, chinita, eChile, ikakhulukazi enyakatho futhi enyakatho ye-Argentina, kubizwa ngokuthi i-caita; petita ezindaweni ezihlukahlukene ezizungeze eningizimu yesifundazwe Buenos Aires, ibizwa nangokuthi ladybug emazweni amaningi abakhuluma iSpanishi, singagqamisa lapha Spain, Puerto Rico, Peru, Venezuela, Colombia, Bolivia, Paraguay, Bolivia, Panama , Nicaragua , phakathi kwabanye.
E-Venezuela nasezingxenyeni ezithile zaseSpain ibizwa ngokuthi "coco", saratontón noma i-sanantonito e-Canary Islands; I-Ladybug eMexico, iSan Antonio e-Uruguay, kanye ne-Tortolita eGuatemala.
Habitat
Lezi zinambuzane ezincane zingabonakala noma kuphi emhlabeni, ngisho nasensimini zibonakala kalula, ngoba azigwemi ukubonakala. Bavame ukukhuphukela phezulu kwamaqabunga. Kukhona cishe izizukulwane eziyi-6.000 kanye nezinhlobo ezingama-360. Lezi zihlale zisemaqabungeni, lapho zithola khona izisulu zazo, njengezintwala noma izintwala.
Ukuzala
Zizala ngokuxhunywa emagatsheni esihlahla, iziqu noma amaqabunga, zivame ukuchitha isikhathi esiningi emaqabunga. Lawa abekela amaqanda amancane aphuzi, abekwe ngalinye ngalinye, noma abe ngamaqembu amancane eziqwini noma emaqabungeni ezitshalo, cishe ngaso sonke isikhathi eduze kweqoqo lezintwala, okuwukudla kwazo okuyinhloko.
Ngemva kwesonto, izibungu ezincane ziyaphuma kulawa maqanda, anemilenze emincane eyisithupha, ehamba kahle. Ezinye zalezi zibungu zinama-spiny kancane noma ama-warty, anombala omnyama onamandla namachashaza amancane amhlophe noma awolintshi, nakuba imibala ehlukahlukene ingapheli kuye ngokuthi hlobo luni.
Izibungu ezincane zidlula izigaba ezine ngaphambi kokuba zibe iziphungumangathi, okungaba ukuthomba kwalezi zinambuzane ezincane. Iziphungumangathi zihlala zinamathela emaqabunga, eziqwini, noma emadwaleni; nazo zimnyama noma zibomvu. Bangadideka ngisho nobulongwe bezinyoni. Kusukela kulesi siphungumangathi, iba umuntu omdala, ophuzi ngempela, njengoba imibala yokugcina lapho i-ladybug izohlala khona ebudaleni bayo ayikachazwa, naphezu kweqiniso lokuthi le mibala yokugcina ivela emahoreni ambalwa kamuva.
Kuyafaneleka ukubalula ukuthi la maqanda angaphinde abekwe ngobuningi, kuze kufike ku-400 amaqanda e-clutch, agcina echanyuselwa phakathi kukaNdasa no-April. Ngesikhathi sasebusika, iqembu elikhulu impela lalezi zinambuzane libuthana ukuze zilale ndawonye, futhi ngokufanayo zizivikele emakhazeni, futhi ekupheleni kobusika ngenxa yalokhu kusondelana, kuzisiza kakhulu ukuthi zizalane kalula. Kuthiwa lezi zinambuzane ezincane ngokuvamile ziphila ngokwesilinganiso unyaka owodwa, nakuba konke kuncike ohlotsheni lwezilwane, zikhona ezinye zazo ezingaphila iminyaka emithathu.
Ukudla
Ama-Ladybugs athandwa kakhulu abalimi, ngoba ayizilwane ezinkulu ezidla ama-aphid, ama-mealybugs, izibungu, izibungu zempukane, noma ezinye izinambuzane zezolimo ezicasulayo. Ngokuvamile, abantu abadala bagcina ukudla okufanayo neziphungumangathi, kodwa abanye bangadla impova, umpe noma isikhunta. Kucatshangwa ukuthi isibungu singadla ezingaphezu kwenkulungwane zalezi zilwane ezincane ngehlobo elilodwa, kucatshangelwa ukuthi insikazi ingazalanisa inzalo efinyelela esigidini, siyoqaphela ukwazisa abalimi abanako ngayo.
Ezingxenyeni eziningi zomhlaba lawa ma-ladybugs asetshenziswa njengendlela yokulawula izinambuzane, ngoba asebenza ngokuphelele njengesibulala-zinambuzane semvelo, ngaphandle kokusebenzisa umkhiqizo owodwa wamakhemikhali.
Okuwukuphela kwento ehlukile kulo mthetho i-subfamily of ladybugs, ebizwa ngokuthi i-Epilachninae, njengoba iyizilwane ezidla uhlaza, idla amaqabunga, okusanhlamvu noma imbewu yezinhlobo ezihlukahlukene zezitshalo. Lezi azibhekwa njengezinambuzane, kodwa isibalo sazo singakhula ngokushesha lapho izitha zazo, iminyovu yama-parasitoid, iba yindlala kakhulu endaweni ezitholakala kuyo, kulokhu zingadala umonakalo omkhulu ezitshalweni. Zingatholakala noma kuphi emhlabeni ngezimo zezulu ezipholile nezishisayo.
Kumele kuqashelwe ukuthi izilwane ezizingelayo eziyinhloko zawo wonke ama-ladybugs yizinyosi, ezinye izinyoni, amaxoxo ngisho nama-dragonflies. Naphezu kokuba nenani elihle lezilwane ezingase zidle ezinye, lezi zinambuzane zaziwa ngokunambitha okungemnandi, okuzivikela kuzo zonke lezi zinsongo.
Investigación
Kuyathakazelisa ukuthi ngekhulu lama-1999, ngo-93, kwenziwa iphrojekthi eyahlongozwa yiqembu labafundi basesikoleni esiphakeme eChile, ikoloni eliphakathi lalezi zimbungulu zayiswa emkhathini. Lezi bekuyingxenye yemishini ebizwa ngokuthi i-STS-XNUMX ye-shuttle yase-Columbia, lezi zimbungulu zengezwa ocwaningweni lokuziphatha kwezitshalo nama-arthropods ahlukene ezindaweni ezincane ze-microgravity.
Ukuze ufunde kabanzi mayelana nezinambuzane nezilwane ezahlukene, awukwazi ukushiya leli khasi ngaphandle kokuqale ufunde lezi zihloko: