Imvelo yemvelo inhle kangangokuthi inikeza imibono emangalisayo ngezilwane ezinhle okumelwe zinakekelwe, njenge I-Monarch Butterfly esengozini, okuthatha umsebenzi obalulekile ekudaleni izitshalo nezitshalo ezikhulayo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ubuhle bayo buyenza ibe enye yezinhlobo zezimvemvane ezikhanga kakhulu emhlabeni.
Kungani uvemvane i-monarch lusengozini yokushabalala?
Kungakhathaliseki ukuthi kungenzeka kanjani, muva nje, kuye kwenzeka ukubona ukwehla kwenani labantu bezinhlobo eziningi ezahlukene, yingakho bengene ekungeneni kwezidalwa ezingenamgogodla ezisengozini yokunyamalala.
Inhloso yalesi sihloko ukucacisa uma kukhona ukushabalala kovemvane be-monarch noma cha, naphezu kwezilinganiso okungenzeka ukuthi zibuyekeziwe ukuze kuvikelwe izinhlobonhlobo. Hamba nohambo!
Izici zovemvane i-monarch
Phakathi kwe izici uvemvane inkosi Yilokho, i-arthropod encane engamasentimitha angu-9 kuya kwangu-11 ubude. Ichazwa ngokuthi inamaphiko awolintshi agqamile ahlanganiswe imigqa emnyama namaflekhi amhlophe, okuyenza ibe isibonelo esibonakala kalula.
Lenhlobonhlobo iveza ukwehluka okuqondile kakhulu ku-physiognomy yayo, lapho eyeduna inkulu kuneyensikazi, naphezu kweqiniso lokuthi imithambo yamaphiko mihle kakhulu kuneyamanye. Ezinsikazi zinemibala emnyama emizimbeni yazo.
Ukunakekelwa okunomsoco kwalolu hlobo akushintshi, kuqukethe umpe wezimbali, eziqashelwa ikakhulukazi ku-milkweed, isibhengezo saseSpain, imbali yegazi noma imifino kaMariya -Asclepias curassavica, ikakhulukazi kuzo lapho zondliwa khona.
Naphezu kokulunikeza izithasiselo ezidingekayo, le mbali inika uvemvane i-monarch amandla okubamba ubuthi balo ukuze luyisebenzise njengendlela yokuzivikela ezilwaneni ezidla ezinye.
Lihlala kuphi uvemvane i-monarch?
Itholakala ezindaweni eziningi zaseNingizimu Melika nasezingxenyeni ezithile zeYurophu, lapho ithanda khona ukuhlala eCanary Islands nasePortugal. Kuvemvane i-monarch, indawo ekahle yileyo lapho kutholakala khona isimo esishisayo nesizolile, ngoba asikwazi ukumelana namakhaza.
Isigaba sokuphindaphinda senzeka kuyo yonke inkathi yasentwasahlobo futhi senzeka ezigabeni ezimbili: esisodwa sasemhlabeni kanye nesemoyeni. Isiteji sasemoyeni senzeka ngesikhathi lapho eyeduna ibheka owesifazane phakathi nokundiza kwayo, lapho iyithola, iyibambe njengophawu lokuthi ikhethe yona njengomlingani wayo.
Phakathi nesigaba sakamuva, eyeduna ishintshana ngofuzo nensikazi, kuphele isigaba sokuzala. Insikazi izobe isiba nokukhetha ukugcina amaqanda ngokuwabekela ezitshalweni ze-milkweed, lapho izimbungulu ezintsha zizohlala izinsuku ezine ku-cocoon.
Njengamanje, ingabe uvemvane i-monarch luphakathi kwezinhlobo ezisengozini ephansi? Landela ukuvakasha futhi ufunde yonke imininingwane yalolu hambo oluhle oluphathelene nalo ukushabalala kovemvane be-monarch.
I-Monarch butterfly isengozini yokushabalala- ukulondolozwa
Phakathi kwezinambuzane ezisengozini yokushabalala, kufanele kuqashelwe ukuthi kunezinhlangano ezithakazelisayo ezinomthwalo wemfanelo wokulondoloza imvelo futhi ziye zathola ukuthi uvemvane i-monarch luphakathi kwe izinambuzane ezisengozini.
Ukwehla kwenani labantu kutholakala ku-25% eminyakeni eyishumi edlule, futhi kulinganiselwa ukuthi njengamanje kufanele kube nabantu abavuthiwe abacishe babe ngu-10,000 abahlakazeke ebangeni elingu-20,000 km2.
Nokho, lokhu akusho ukuthi isimo salezi zimvemvane kufanele singanakwa, njengoba kunezingozi ezihlukene ezingase zidale ikhefu elikhethekile ebuningini babantu bazo.
Ngakho-ke, naphezu kweqiniso lokuthi uvemvane i-monarch aluzange lubonwe njengengozini ngaleso sikhathi, uma kungenziwanga isinyathelo esisheshayo, ukwehla kwenani labantu balo kungase kube ukukhathazeka okukhulu.
Kungani Izimvemvane ZeMonarch Zinyamalala
Ngokokuhlola kwaminyaka yonke, kulobu busika inani labantu ogwini olusentshonalanga yeCalifornia lehle ngamaphesenti angu-87 uma liqhathaniswa nonyaka odlule.
Ngendlela efanayo, ngezinguquko ezenzeke esimweni sezulu, iphinde ikhulule ukuchithwa kwalolu hlobo lwesiphazamisi esivumelanisa ukuhamba kwayo nentwasahlobo kanye nokuqhakaza kwezitshalo eziqhakazayo.
Sekukonke, lezi zimvemvane kulinganiselwa ukuthi zihamba amakhilomitha angaphezu kuka-6,000 unyaka ngamunye. Uvemvane i-monarch lubhaliswe njengelungu elisengozini enkulu ephethe ukuvikela imvelo nezisetshenziswa ezikhona kuzo. Bona ngeso lengqondo ukuthi kungani uvemvane i-monarch lusengozini yokushabalala:
Ukwehluka kwesimo sezulu
Ukwanda nokwehliswa kwamazinga okushisa kuyingozi ethusayo kulezi zinambuzane, njengoba lokhu kuhlukahluka kubonisa izinguquko ezingathi sína ezimisweni ezihlukahlukene zemvelo.
Njengoba ukulingana kwezindawo kuthonywa, izinhlobo eziphila kuzo zithinteka kakhulu. Ukwehluka kwezinga lokushisa kunesibopho sokulungisa izinguquko ezidlulayo zovemvane i-monarch.
Okuthile okudalwa wukushintsha kwesimo sezulu okulethwa yilokhu. Kwakungesizini ka-2013 lapho izimvemvane ze-monarch ezinobusika obumbalwa kakhulu zaqoshwa eMexico eminyakeni engamashumi amabili.
Njengamanje, kunezimvemvane ezilinganiselwa ezigidini ezingama-35 ezingabanikazi abacishe babe ngamahektha ayi-1.7, aziziningi eziqhathaniswa namahektha angama-45 ezizibandakanye onyakeni ka-1996.
Lokhu kwenza ukuthi izimvemvane ze-monarch zisheshe zihambe ziye ezindaweni ezipholile, esikhathini esithile ngaphambi kokuba kuhlume izitshalo ze-milkweed, njengokudla okubalulekile kwezibungu.
Ukulahlekelwa indawo yemvelo
Ebusika, kungase kubonakale ukuthi imingcele yaseNyakatho Melika ibonisa amahlathi asezintabeni asuka enkabeni yeMexico aye ogwini lwaseCalifornia.
Kodwa-ke, la mahlathi ahlala ezwa ingcindezi ngenxa yokuvakasha okugxilile kwezivakashi, ukugawulwa kwemithi ngokungakhethi kanye nomsebenzi othile wezolimo owenziwa amanethiwekhi aseduze.
Ngokuqondene neNyakatho Melika, izindawo zokuhlala lapho ama-monarch azalela khona futhi adla khona zithonywa ukusetshenziswa okungadingekile kwezibulala-khula emasimini ezitshalo.
Lezi zicekela phansi indawo yokuhlala evamile futhi zibulale ukudla okuyinhloko kwezibungu zalolu hlobo: i-milkweed. Kusukela ngo-1999, cishe u-98% wezitshalo ze-milkweed zase zisusiwe ezindaweni ezinotshani zasentshonalanga.
E-California, izimvemvane zihlala ezindaweni ezimbozwe izihlahla zikagamthilini, ikakhulukazi umndeni we-Eucalyptus globulus, oncishiswa ukugawulwa kwemithi ngokweqile.
I-Monarch Butterfly Threats
Sisanda kuqaphela ukuthi uvemvane i-monarch alukho emininingwaneni yezinambuzane ezisengozini, noma kunjalo, inani labantu liyancipha. Lezi yizingozi ezingabeka uvemvane i-monarch esimweni esingenalusizo kakhulu:
Ukuqedwa kwamahlathi
Enye izingozi lezi zimvemvane ezidlula kuzo kungenxa yokushiswa nokugawulwa kwezihlahla ezindaweni zasehlathini nasezintabeni, okubonisa ingozi esheshayo yokunyamalala kovemvane i-monarch.
Le misebenzi iqeda indawo yabo eminingi yokuhlala, inciphisa amathuba okuthola ukudla futhi inciphise izindawo ezifanele lapho bengakha khona umjikelezo wabo wokuphila njalo.
Ukusetshenziswa ngokweqile kwama-fertilizer
Esinye sezimbangela ezibalulekile ezibeka uvemvane i-monarch engozini yokushabalala ukusetshenziswa ngokweqile kukamanyolo nezibulala-zinambuzane, njengoba lokhu kulimaza izimbali noma kushintshe ukumila kwezitshalo zasendle.
Kuyaphawuleka ukuthi esinye sezitshalo esithintekayo yi-milkweed, okuyisitshalo esibaluleke kakhulu empilweni yalezi zinambuzane ngoba yilapho eziphilisa khona.
I-Monarch butterfly isengozini yokushabalala-ukuvikelwa
Ukuze kuvikelwe lokhu kuhlukahluka okuhle kuyadingeka ukuhlaziya ngombono ongokoqobo kakhudlwana izici ezithile ezibalulekile futhi okungafanele zishaywe indiva:
Zama ukungasebenzisi ama-herbicides, ngoba avimbela ukukhula kokhula kanye ne-milkweed, ngaleyo ndlela kuthinte iphethini yokuba khona kwezimvemvane.
Ukubhekana njalo noshintsho olwenzeka ngezinga lokushisa kungenye yezingozi ezimangalisayo ezilethe inani elikhulu lamaqembu ezilwane onqenqemeni lokushabalala, kanye indlovu esengozini.
Ukutshala I-Milkweed: Enye indlela yokusiza ukuvimbela uvemvane olulawulayo ukuba lungabi sengozini ukutshala i-milkweed, okwandisa inhlabathi nokuqina kwezimvemvane.
Ukulwa nokubamba iqhaza ngempumelelo ezinhlanganweni nasezicini ezinomthwalo wemfanelo wokusindisa umhlaba kuyindlela yokusiza futhi kuyizinyathelo ezingasetshenziswa ukusiza izidalwa manje ezizimisele ngokunyamalala.