Sibhekisela njengezilwane ezincelisayo kuzo zonke lezo zidalwa eziphilayo ezidla ubisi lwebele olukhiqizwa yizindlala zonina. Namuhla, kunezinhlobonhlobo eziningi zezilwane ezincelisayo ezisengozini yokushabalala, ezinye zazo sezivele zashabalala kwezinye zezindawo ezazihlala kuzo, kusale ezimbalwa zazo namuhla.
Izici eziyinhloko zezilwane ezincelisayo
Izici eziyinhloko zezilwane ezincelisayo zitholakala emandleni okukhiqiza ubisi ngenxa yezindlala zabo zokubeletha, lolu bisi lunomsebenzi wokondla izingane ezisanda kuzalwa ezingakwazi ukudla okunye ukudla lapho zizalwa. Izilwane ezincelisayo, ingxenye enkulu, zihlanganyela isici sokuba khona izilwane viviparous, okusho ukuthi, ukumitha kwayo kwenzeka ngaphakathi esibelethweni sikamama, nokho, kukhona okuhlukile. Abantu nabo bayingxenye yezilwane ezincelisayo.
Ake sazi ezinye izici izilwane ezincelisayo ezikhona ngokuvamile:
- Zinamazinyo emhlathini kuphela.
- Indlebe yayo yakhiwe i-stirrup, anvil nesando, lawa amathambo ahlanganyela zonke lezi zinhlobo.
- Yilolu kuphela uhlobo olugcina izinwele emizimbeni yalo ngandlela thize kukho konke ukuphila kwalo.
- Igazi lakhe liyashisa.
- Ukuvumelana kwazo nendawo ezitholakala kuyo ngokuvamile kuyashesha kunezinye izinhlobo zezilwane.
- Ziyizilwane ezinomgogodla, okungukuthi, umzimba wazo wakhiwe ngamathambo.
- Banesikhumba esishubile futhi esimelana kakhulu.
- Umkhawulo wezandla noma imilenze unezinzipho, izinzipho, izinselo.
- Ubulili be-specimen bungahlukaniswa kalula, abesifazane nabesilisa banomehluko obonakalayo.
- Bangahlala noma kuphi emhlabeni, ngaphandle kwalezo zindawo lapho kubanda kakhulu.
Yiziphi izilwane ezincelisayo ezingasekho?
Ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, izilwane ezincelisayo ziye zabhekana nomsebenzi wokuthi kufanele ziguquke futhi zivumelane nezinguquko ezenzeka emhlabeni, ikakhulukazi emashumini eminyaka amuva nje lapho ukuguquka kwesimo sezulu kuye kwaba nomthelela omkhulu ezindaweni esizaziyo. Nakuba lezi zinguquko zithinta ukushabalala kwezinhlobo zezilwane, omunye wabantu abayinhloko ababangela ukushabalala kwabantu, njengoba iminyaka eminingi besiphatha izilwane njengezindondo noma amathoyizi angabulawelwa ukuzijabulisa, udumo noma imali.
Njengamanje singaqinisekisa ukuthi kunezinhlobo eziningi zezinhlobo zezilwane ezincelisayo ezisaphila, nokho, sithola nezinhlobonhlobo zazo ezingasekho namuhla nesingeke sizibone futhi esikhathini esizayo. Phakathi kwezilwane ezincelisayo ezisengozini yokushabalala singazi:
ama-marsupials
Leli elinye lamaqembu athinteka kakhulu ekuqothulweni, njengoba abaningi babo sebeqediwe kakade eMhlabeni, noma ngenxa yezilwane ezizidlayo zemvelo noma ngenxa yokungenelela kwabantu, ngokucekela phansi indawo yabo yokuhlala noma ukuzingela. Iningi lama- marsupial asekhona nanamuhla atholakala eNingizimu Melika. Lezi nazo ziyizilwane ezincelisayo ezisengozini yokushabalala, asihlangane nalezo esezivele zanyamalala:
- Ku-red-bellied possum (Cryptonanus ignitus) eyashabalala ngeminyaka yawo-60. Lezi zilwane zazitholakala ikakhulukazi e-Argentina, izwe eliseningizimu yezwekazi laseNingizimu Melika.
- Igundane elinobuso obubanzi (i-Potorus platyops) lolu hlobo lwanyamalala ngaphambili kakhulu, ikakhulukazi ngonyaka ka-1875. Indawo yalo yokuqala yayise-Australia.
Iziboshwa
Ngokweminye imibono, umuntu uvela ezinkambini. Lolu hlobo lunezinhlobonhlobo eziningi ze-subspecies esezivele zashabalala. Isizathu esiyinhloko salokhu kungenxa yokuthi baye bathathwa njengezilwane zokuzijabulisa, isibonelo amasekisi, noma njengezilwane ezifuywayo. Okuthinteke kakhulu kulolu hlobo kube ama-lemurs, inkawu efunwa kakhulu ngenxa yokwakheka kwayo okumangalisayo. Ezishabalala yilezi:
- I-Pachylemur insignis: kwakungenye yezinhlobo ezinkulu kakhulu zama-primates ezazikhona ngaleso sikhathi, kwathiwa azisekho phakathi nekhulu leshumi nane.
- I-Magaladapis edwardsi: Lezi zinhlobo zazinyamalala kancane kancane, zazingama-lemur amakhulu, njengezinye, lolu lwaluvela esiqhingini saseMadagascar. I-Edwardsi yaqala ukunyamalala phakathi nekhulu lesi-XNUMX, kodwa kwaze kwaba sekhulwini le-XNUMX lapho kwathiwa ngokusemthethweni iwuhlobo olungasekho njengoba ezinye zezinhlobo zazo zakwazi ukuphila kuze kube yileso sikhathi.
Izilwane ezidla inyama
I-Los Izilwane ezidla inyama Ngelinye lamaqembu athinteke kakhulu ngokushabalala kwezinhlobo zezinto eziphilayo njengoba kulo singathola ama-felines, izinja, amabhere nezinye izilwane ezidla izilwane ezincelisayo. Leli qembu selinyamalala ngenxa yokungenelela kwabantu, kwazise iningi labo lashabalala ngenxa yokuzingela, okwathi kancane kancane kwehlisa lezi zilwane kwaze kwaqedwa.
- I-Asiatic Sea Lion: Lesi silwane savela esiqhingini saseJapan futhi sivela eKorea, ukushabalala kwaso kwamenyezelwa phakathi nekhulu lama-XNUMX lapho sathinteka kakhulu kwaze kwaba yilapho ekugcineni sanyamalala.
- Java tiger: I-Indonesia iyizwe elineqembu elincane lezilwane ezincelisayo, lezi zaziyingxenye yazo. Khona-ke kwathiwa ziyizilwane ezisengozini, eziningi zazo zazibonakala kuphela ezindaweni zokulondoloza izilwane ezinomthwalo wemfanelo wokulondoloza lezi zilwane, nokho, zashabalala phakathi neMpi Yezwe II.
AmaCetaceans
Kuleli qembu sithola amahlengethwa nemikhomo ethandwayo. Lezi zilwane ziye zathinteka kakhulu abadobi abaye bazidoba ngokungenangqondo ukuze zizuze.
- Ngo-2012, ihlengethwa lasemfuleni iYangtze (Lipotes vexillifer) laseChina kwathiwa alisekho. Phakathi kwamahlengethwa lena kwakuyisilwane esikhulu kunazo zonke.
- Phakathi nekhulu leshumi nambili i-gray whale kwathiwa ayisekho, lesi silwane sabhukuda emanzini oLwandle i-Atlantic. Isifanekiso esihle esafa naso ngenxa yabadobi.
Yiziphi izilwane ezincelisayo ezisengozini yokushabalala?
Namuhla kuneqembu elikhulu labantu elizinikele ekuvikeleni nasekulondolozeni izinhlobo zezinto eziphilayo, ikakhulukazi lezo izilwane ezincelisayo ezisengozini. Nokho-ke kuyabonakala ukuthi le mpi akulula, njengoba kunezinto ezehlukene eziyibeka engcupheni. Okunye kwalokhu ukuhaha komuntu, ongenandaba nokulimaza i-ecosystem inqobo nje uma ethola izinzuzo zemali.
Naphezu kokubi kwakho konke lokhu, singaphinde siqinisekise ukuthi manje abantu abahilelekile kulo msebenzi wokuvikela izidalwa ezingenakuzivikela kakhulu bayanda, njengoba isikhathi eside imikhankaso ephikisana nokuzingela ngokungemthetho, ukuphathwa kabi kanye nokuthola izilwane zasendle njengezilwane ezifuywayo. yenza isibalo esikhulu sabantu sazi futhi sijoyine imbangela.
Manje sesizokwazi okuyizilwane ezincelisayo ezisengozini yokushabalala futhi isizoshabalala ohlelweni lwethu lwendalo.
I-Armadillo
I-armadillo iyisilwane esincelisayo esivela ezwenikazi laseMelika. Kunezinhlobonhlobo eziningi zezinhlobo ezincane zalesi silwane esezingasekho.
Kusukela ngeminyaka yawo-90 kuze kube manje, lezi zilwane ezincelisayo bezilokhu zinyamalala kancane kancane, izingqapheli zazo ziqinisekisa ukuthi inani lama-armadillo lehle okungenani ngama-30%.
I-lynx yase-Iberia
Njengoba igama laso libonisa, lesi silwane singeseNhlonhlo Yase-Iberia. Njengamanje kukhona cishe i-100 yalezi zilwane, ama-mime avikelekile ngaphakathi kweDoñana National Park, e-Andalusia, eSpain.
Ukubukeka kwabo ngokomzimba namakhono okuzingela kubenze babe uhlobo olubaluleke kakhulu eSpain ngoba bayingxenye ebalulekile ye-ecosystem yaseSpain.
Spider monkey
Lena inkalakatha eyehlukile ngohlobo lwayo, isizathu salokhu yingoba ayinazo izithupha njengezihlobo zayo eziseduze, ngenxa yalokhu kungavamile namuhla isengozini enkulu.
Njengamanje ezimbalwa zalezi zinkawu zaseLatin America ezisele. Ngenxa yalokhu, kuye kwenziwa imizamo yokuthatha abanye babo babayise esifundeni esiseningizimu yeMelika, ikakhulukazi iPanama, ngenhloso yokuthi ukufuduka kuzosiza ukongiwa kwabo.
I-grizzly
Njengoba kubhekwa njengesinye sezilwane ezincelisayo ezinhle kakhulu futhi ezimangalisayo embusweni wezilwane, ibhere elinsundu livela eNyakatho Melika, e-Asia naseYurophu, okwakamuva kuyindawo lapho ukwehla okukhulu kwezinhlobo zezilwane kuye kwabonakala khona.
Eminyakeni embalwa edlule ayengatholakala ngisho nasemazweni anjengeSpain neFrance, nokho, angasekho kulawo mazwe amabili. E-Italy kubonakala sengathi lezi zilwane zihamba ngendlela efanayo, njengoba zicishe zibe ngu-40 kuphela ezisele.
Ingwe yeqhwa
Izilwane ezifuywayo ezinhle nezingajwayelekile zomndeni wakwaPanthera, inani labantu bakhona liye lehla kancane kancane kodwa ngokuqhubekayo, njengoba okungenani ama-20% awo awasaphili.
Namuhla inani labo alidluli ama-specimens angu-9.000. I-Mongolia yindawo lapho inani elikhulu kakhulu lezibonelo zala makati liye labonwa futhi kwathiwa ayizilwane ezivikelekile.
Intaba iGorilla
Ngokudabukisayo komhlaba, lezi zilwane ezincelisayo zingezinye ezisengozini enkulu yokushabalala, njengoba zimbili kuphela izakhamuzi ezifanayo emhlabeni, eziseCentral Africa nase-Uganda.
Cishe ziyinkulungwane kuphela zalezi zilwane ezibalwe phakathi kwabantu ababili abasele, okubenza babe sengozini enkulu futhi basengozini yokunyamalala.
ubhejane omnyama
Isilwane esincelisayo sase-Afrika esingesinye sezilwane ezinezinhlobo ezincane ezingasekho phakathi nekhulu leminyaka elidlule. Ngokusho kwabafundi babo, kulinganiselwa ukuthi okungenani bangu-4.000 2011 kubo, umbiko wokugcina owenziwa ngonyaka ka-XNUMX.
Kusukela ngawo lowo nyaka, kuye kwenziwa izinhlobo ezihlukahlukene zokulondoloza lezi zilwane futhi zivikeleke kubazingeli. Lezi zibhekwa njengenye ye izilwane zasemhlabeni ezisengozini ezinkulu, yingakho ngokuvamile ziyisizathu sokunaka kokubili kulabo abafuna ukuzibheka ngokwesayensi ukuze bafunde ngezinhlobo zezilwane, nakulabo okuthi, kungakhathaliseki ukuthi ziyehla, bafuna ukuba bathole izinzuzo.
I-Iberian wolf
Esinye sezilwane ezincelisayo ezitholakala eNhlonhlweni yase-Iberia, lokhu kuhlanganiswe nezilwane ezidla inyama eziyingozi kakhulu endaweni yezilwane. Lezi zilwane bezizingelwa futhi zizingelwa kusukela ngekhulu le-XNUMX, okubangele ukuthi lezi zilwane zibe sengozini enkulu namuhla.
Cishe ngeminyaka yama-80s yilapho kwakwaziwa ukubaluleka kwalolu hlobo lwezilwane, njengoba kuthiwa sekusele izibonelo ezingaba ngu-2.000. Uma ukushushiswa kwazo kuqhubeka, ukuqothulwa kwezimpisi zase-Iberia kuyoba okungenakugwenywa.
Indlovu yase-Asia
Njengoba igama labo libonisa, lezi yizilwane ezivela e-Asia, lolu hlobo lubhekwa njengolukhulu kunazo zonke ezwenikazi lonke.
El Ndlovu esengozini yamenyezelwa ngonyaka we-1086, ngoba inani labantu ngaleso sikhathi lase lehle kakhulu. Emhlabeni wonke, zingu-50.00 XNUMX kuphela lezi zilwane ezibabazekayo eziye zabalwa. Yize zingabanye abanamakhophi amaningi okwamanje, kodwa akususi ukuthi zinganyamalala uma kungenziwa lutho ngakho.
ibheji yaseMexico
I ti-ejon yase-mexican esengozinin iyisilwane esidla inyama esisongelwa, njengoba izinhlobo zaso ezine kuye kwamenyezelwa ukuthi izilwane ezincelisayo ezisengozini ezingashabalala ngokushesha.
Ingesinye sezilwane ezinezilwane eziningi ezidla ezinye ezitholakala kulolu hlu, nokho, zisaqhubeka nokuzabalaza ukuze ziphile, ngokuba ngesinye sezilwane ezinenani elikhulu lezibonelo ezisaphila kanye nendlovu yase-Asia.
Yiziphi izimbangela eziyinhloko ezibangela ukuthi kube nezilwane ezisengozini yokushabalala?
- Ukulahleka kwendawo yokuhlala: ake sicabangele ukuthi nakulokhu umuntu uyimbangela eyinhloko yokushabalala kwezinhlobo zezilwane, njengoba kunguyena osethathe indawo yakhe yokuhlala wayicekela phansi ukuze kuzuze yena. Izindawo ezinkulu ezihlala izimila lapho lezi zilwane ngokuvamile zihlala khona ziye zaqedwa futhi ziye zaphoqeleka ukuba zilwele ukuphila kwazo ngokufaka ezinye izilwane ezizidlayo endaweni yazo yemvelo.
- Ukuzingela ngokungemthetho: esinye sezizathu ezidabukisayo nesinesihluku esiholele ekutheni izilwane ezincelisayo eziningi zingene kulesi simo esiyingozi ngoba akubangelwa kuphela ukudliwa kwazo kodwa nokuthola isikhumba noma izingxenye zemizimba yazo njengezicoco ezizisebenzisayo ukukhombisa ubugovu nokuntula kwazo. unembeza.
- Ukuhweba okungekho emthethweni: Lesi sizathu sihambisana nokuzingela okungekho emthethweni, ngoba yibo abazingeli abaphethe ukuthumba ngisho nokudayisa lezi zilwane, ziphila futhi zifile, ukuze bazidayise ngezinhloso ezingcolile ezibeka lezi zilwane engozini.
- Ukuguquka kwesimo sezulu: Kuzo zonke ezinye izimbangela, lesi yisona sodwa esingokwemvelo, ngoba kungenxa yokushintsha kwesimo sezulu okuqhubekayo okuletha izimvula ezinkulu, isomiso, ukugawulwa kwamahlathi ngenxa yomlilo noma izikhukhula zamanzi ezibeka izinhlobo ezahlukene zezilwane ezihlala njalo. ingozi yokuhlala kuleyo ndawo.
