I-cosmos, enkulu futhi eyindida, isithathe kusukela kudala ngezimfihlakalo nezimangaliso zayo. Phakathi kwalesi sikhala esikhulu sezinkanyezi, igama elaqanjwa ososayensi ngo-2014 liyavela: iLaniakea. Akuyona inkanyezi, iplanethi noma umthala; Kungaphezu kwalokho. I-Laniakea iyisakhiwo esikhulu esikhulu esihlala umthala wethu, iMilky Way, neminye imithala eminingi.
Kulesi sihloko, sizongena emcabangweni we-Laniakea, sihlole incazelo yayo, ukutholwa, kanye nokuxhumana okumangalisayo esabelana ngakho kule webhu enkulu ye-cosmic: ukuhlola i-Laniakea, ikhaya lethu le-cosmic endaweni yonke.
Incazelo ye-etymological ye-Laniakea
Igama elithi "Laniakea" livela ku-Hawaiian futhi lisho "isibhakabhaka esikhulu" noma "isibhakabhaka esikhulu nesamukelayo." Yasungulwa ngo-2014 ithimba lezazi zezinkanyezi eliholwa nguBrent Tully waseNyuvesi yaseHawaii. Leli hlelo lihlanganisa ingqikithi yokutholakala kwakhe: iqoqo elikhulu le-cosmic elihlanganisa ndawonye imithala engenakubalwa, kuhlanganise nowethu.
Ukutholwa kwesakhiwo esikhulu saseLaniakea
Ukutholakala kwe-Laniakea akuyona nje into yesayensi kuphela, kodwa futhi kuwubufakazi bamandla okubambisana kwamazwe ngamazwe kanye nokuhlola izinkanyezi. Izazi zezinkanyezi zaqaphela ukuthi imithala ayisakazwa ngokungahleliwe endaweni yonke, kodwa kunalokho yakha izakhiwo ngemicu exhumene. Ngokubheka isivinini nokuma kwezinkulungwane zemithala, ososayensi badweba ibalazwe elinezinhlangothi ezintathu lezifunda zasemkhathini ezihlanganiswe amandla adonsela phansi.
I-Milky Way kumongo we-cosmic
Esinye sezici ezithakazelisa kakhulu ngeLaniakea ukuthi umthala wethu, i-Milky Way, iyingxenye nje yale webhu enkulu ye-cosmic. Sixhunywe amandla adonsela phansi kweminye imithala esifundeni sethu saseLaniakea, esixhumanisa ngokungabonakali nangaphakathi nakho konke. Lokhu kuxhumana kugqamisa indlela esiyingxenye eyinkimbinkimbi yendwangu enkulu kakhulu ye-cosmic kunalokho ebesikucabanga.
Umdanso wemithala: ukuqonda inhlangano yalesi sakhiwo esiphezulu
Cabanga nge-Laniakea njengendwangu enkulukazi lapho imithala ixhumene futhi idansa isigqi samandla adonsela phansi.. Imithala eseduze kakhulu ithonywa kakhulu amandla adonsela phansi eminye, okubangela ukuhlelwa kwe-cosmic choreography edlula indawo nesikhathi. Lo mdanso wemithala uwukubonakaliswa okuphathekayo kwemithetho eyisisekelo ebusa indawo yonke. futhi ikhombisa isakhiwo esikhulu esiye savela eminyakeni eyizigidigidi.
Kuyisakhiwo esikhulu esingaguqula inkolelo-mbono ka-Einstein yokuhlobana kanye nenkolelo-mbono kaNewton yamandla adonsela phansi endaweni yonke, lapho kuchazwa khona ukuthi isikhathi somkhathi sakha indwangu egogeke ngenxa yesenzo samandla adonsela phansi. Umphumela uzoba ukuhleleka kwesikhala se-cosmic esiye sabizwa ngokuthi "Laniakea".
Isakhiwo seLaniakea ngamaqoqo amakhulu
I-Laniakea ihlelwe ngokwezigaba zamaqembu emithala, ngamaqoqo amakhulu angesinye sezakhiwo ezinkulu nezibaluleke kakhulu kule nhlangano. Amaqoqo amakhulu amaqoqo amakhulu emithala namaqembu emithala aboshwe ngamandla adonsela phansi.. Lawa maqembu emithala asatshalaliswa ngendlela enezinhlangothi ezintathu ezakha uhlobo lwenethiwekhi ye-cosmic.
I-Laniakea Supercluster:
Ngaphakathi kweLaniakea, elinye lamaqoqo avelele kakhulu yiLaniakea Supercluster. Leli qoqo elikhulu liwumthala omkhulu ohlanganisa amakhulu ezigidi zeminyaka yokukhanya. Iqukethe amaqoqo amancane amaningi kanye namaqembu emithala axhunywe amandla adonsela phansi esakhiweni esinezinhlangothi ezintathu. I-Laniakea Supercluster ihlanganisa iMilky Way kanye nomthala i-Andromeda, kanye neminye imithala eminingi eseduze.
Ahlelwa kanjani amaqoqo amakhulu:
Ukwakheka kwamaqoqo amakhulu e-Laniakea kulandela iphethini yokuhlanganisa ngemicu namanodi. Imicu yizandiso ezinde, ezincanyana zemithala enwebeka emabangeni amakhulu emkhathini, ama-node axhumayo noma amaphuzu aphakeme kakhulu. Le micu ingaba ngamakhulu ezigidi zeminyaka yokukhanya futhi iqukethe inani elikhulu lemithala. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, ama-node ayizifunda ezigcwele imithala kanye indaba emnyama. Lezi zindawo ziyizikhungo zokuheha amandla adonsela phansi ezibamba imithala ezungezile ndawonye.
Ukwakhiwa kanye nokuziphendukela kwemvelo kwama-supercluster:
Ukwakheka nokuguquka kwamaqoqo amakhulu kuthonywa amandla adonsela phansi kanye nokusatshalaliswa kwezinto endaweni yonke. Indaba emnyama, uhlobo lwento engabonakali engakhiphi ukukhanya kodwa enamandla adonsela phansi, idlala indima ebalulekile ekwakheni la maqembu amakhulu emithala. Njengoba izinto ezimnyama zinqwabelana futhi zigxile ezindaweni ezithile, zidonsa izinto ezibonakalayo, njengemithala, ziye kulezo zifunda, okuholela ekwakhekeni kwamaqoqo amakhulu.
I-Laniakea Superclusters:
Ngaphakathi kwe-superstructure ye-cosmic yaseLaniakea, kunamaqoqo amakhulu amakhulu amane: i-Virgo Supercluster, i-Hydra-Centaurus Supercluster, i-Centaurus Supercluster, ne-Southern Supercluster. Siwabona ngezansi:
- I-Virgo Supercluster: I-Virgo Supercluster ingelinye lamaqembu amakhulu aseduze kakhulu kithi futhi iyingxenye ebalulekile yeLaniakea. Iqukethe i-Virgo Galaxy kanye neqoqo layo lomthala, okungelinye lamaqoqo amakhulu futhi akhanya kakhulu esibhakabhakeni. I-Virgo Supercluster inethonya elibalulekile lamandla adonsela phansi emithala eseduze futhi idlala indima ebalulekile ekuguquguqukeni kwendawo kweqembu lemithala okuyingxenye yayo i-Milky Way.
- I-Hydra-Centaurus Supercluster: IHydra-Centaurus Supercluster ingelinye lamaqoqo amakhulu futhi amakhulu kakhulu aziwayo. Ihlanganisa i-Centaurus Cluster, enye yeqoqo lomthala eliseduze nelikhanya kakhulu. Leli qoqo elikhulu linethonya elinamandla lamandla adonsela phansi emithala eseduze futhi lingesinye sezizathu ezenza i-Milky Way kanye nomthala i-Andromeda zibe semgqeni wokushayisana esikhathini esizayo esikude.
- I-Centaurus Supercluster: I-Centennial Supercluster, eyaziwa nangokuthi i-Centennial Supercluster, iyiqoqo elikhulu lemithala eyingxenye yeLaniakea. Leli qoqo elikhulu ligqame ngokukhethekile engxenyeni eseningizimu yesibhakabhaka futhi linqamula amakhulu ezigidi zeminyaka yokukhanya. Ihlanganisa i-Centaurus Cluster, enye yeqoqo elikhulu kakhulu lomthala eliseduze kakhulu noMhlaba. I-Centaurus Supercluster idlala indima ebalulekile esakhiweni nasekuguquguqukeni kwesifunda se-cosmic esisihlanganisayo.
- I-Southern Supercluster: ISouthern Supercluster, eyaziwa nangokuthi iTurkey-Indus Supercluster, ingelinye iqembu elikhulu le-galactic ngaphakathi kweLaniakea. Njengoba igama layo libonisa, itholakala ngaseningizimu nenkabazwe yesibhakabhaka. Leli qoqo elikhulu lihlanganisa isifunda esikhulu futhi lakhiwe amaqoqo amaningi namaqembu emithala. Amandla adonsela phansi asetshenziswa yi-Southern Supercluster athonya imizila kanye nokunyakaza kwemithala endaweni yayo.
Lawa maqoqo amakhulu, kanye namanye amaqoqo amancane namaqoqo emithala, akha isakhiwo se-Laniakea esiyinkimbinkimbi nesigaba. I-Gravity iyinjini ehlanganisa le mithala ibe amaqoqo amakhulu., okubangela uxhaxha oluxhumene lwe-cosmic web oluchaza indawo yethu endaweni yonke ngezinga elikhulu.
imibono yefilosofi
I-Laniakea iphinde yavusa imibono yefilosofi ngesikhundla sethu endaweni yonke. Ngesikhathi sibancane uma siqhathaniswa nesilinganiso salesi sakhiwo esiphezulu se-cosmic, ubukhona bethu bunencazelo ejulile. Siyizibukeli eziqaphile zalesi simiso esikhulu, esikwaziyo ukusimangalisa nokusiqonda ngezinga elithile. Lo muzwa wokumangala nokuqonda usixhumanisa nawo kanye amandla nezinqubo ezilolonga indawo yonke.
Nokho, ukuntuleka kokuqonda ingxenye enkulu yendawo yonke kanye nezindaba ezibonakalayo ezedlula amandla ethu okubuka nokuhlaziya kugqamisa ukulinganiselwa kolwazi lwethu. imibono eminingi yefilosofi gcizelela ukubaluleka kokuthobeka kanye nomqondo ovulekile ekufuneni kwethu ukuqonda indawo yonke.
Ukuma komuntu endaweni yonke kungaphakamisa imibuzo mayelana nencazelo nenjongo yokuba khona kwethu.. Uma kucatshangelwa ubukhulu bendawo yonke kanye nokungabalulekile kwethu ngaphakathi kwayo, ezinye izazi zefilosofi ziye zahlola izindaba ezinjengokufuna incazelo, ubudlelwano phakathi kwesintu nendawo yonke, kanye nethuba lokuthi izinhlobo zokuphila nolwazi kukhona okungaphezu kokuqonda kwethu.
Ukusesha okuqhubekayo
Emkhakheni wesayensi umsebenzi awunamkhawulo. Kuhlala kunokuningi ongakuthola nokufunda.. Kungakho ososayensi beqhubeka nokuphenya ngokunganeliseki, njengoba umkhathi ubanzi ngokwanele ukwazi ukuthi sazi kuphela "isihloko se-iceberg", ezimweni ezinhle kakhulu.
Kungubukhulu obudlula kithi futhi ngalokho Intuthuko yezobuchwepheshe iyaqhubeka nokuthuthukiswa, ngendlela yokuthi ingasinikeza imininingwane eyengeziwe mayelana ne-Laniakea nezinye izakhiwo ze-cosmic ezifanayo. Izambulo ezingajulisa ukuqonda kwethu ngokuziphendukela kwemvelo kanye nendlela imithala ehlangana ngayo ngokuhamba kwesikhathi.
I-Laniakea: ubukhulu obudlula thina
Ukuhlola i-Laniakea, ikhaya lethu le-cosmic endaweni yonke, sibona ukuthi lesi sakhiwo esiphezulu kanjani idlula umqondo nje wegama lesiHawaii. Imelela ifasitela lokubuka indawo yonke ebanzi neyinkimbinkimbi esihlala kuyo. Isikhundla sethu e-Laniakea, njengengxenye yenethiwekhi ye-cosmic ekuziphendukeleni kwemvelo okuqhubekayo, kusimema ukuthi sicabange ngobudlelwano bethu nomhlaba wonke futhi siqhubeke nokuhlola izimfihlo lesi sibhakabhaka esikhulu nesisamukelayo esisenaso.