Naphezu kweqiniso lokuthi abaningi bethu sifunda esikoleni samabanga aphansi kuphela ukunyakaza "okuyinhloko" komhlaba: ukunyakaza okujikelezayo y ukunyakaza kokuhumusha, iqiniso liwukuthi lesi sihloko sinwebeka kancane, njengoba umhlaba ungazungezi kuwo ngokwawo nge-engeli elungile ngokuphelele ngenxa yokuthi utsheke kancane eksisini yawo ngamadigri ambalwa.
Uyazi ukuthi kuyini umnyakazo woMhlaba ngaphandle kokuzungeza nokuhumusha?
Kubalulekile ukucabangela ukuthi, ngaphezu kwezinyathelo ezi-2 ezaziwa kakhulu engizishilo esigabeni esandulele, umhlaba wenza okunye ukunyakaza oku-3: Ukudluliswa kwama-equinox, ukunyakaza kwe-nutation futhi i i-chandler iyaguqa, ezichaza ezinye izigigaba zemvelo kanye nobude bezinsuku nobusuku phakathi nonyaka, isibonelo.
Lokhu kucatshangelwa okwengeziwe kwaphakanyiswa kancane kancane ngemva kokwamukelwa ukuthi iplanethi yethu empeleni iyindilinga nokuthi siphila ohlelweni lwe-heliocentric hhayi i-geocentric, njengoba kwakukholelwa eminyakeni engaphezu kwengu-500 edlule.
Ngakho-ke, ukucacisa ngokugcwele izinsimbi ezilawula iplanethi yethu, kubalulekile ukwazi nokuqonda kahle kakhulu. kuyini ukunyakaza komhlaba kanye nemiphumela yako empilweni yasemhlabeni.
Iplanethi yethu enguMhlaba iyathakazelisa ngempela futhi kufanelekile ukuyihlolisisa ngokujulile, kodwa bewazi yini ukuthi i-NASA ithole amanye amaplanethi afana nawethu endaweni yonke? Ungaphuthelwa isihloko sethu Amaplanethi anjengomhlaba.
Ngaphambi kokungena sijule endabeni yemiphumela yokunyakaza koMhlaba, kuzoba ngcono ukubukeza izimiso eziyisisekelo njengokuhamba kokuzungeza nokuhunyushwa koMhlaba.
Ukunyakaza okujikelezayo
Ukunyakaza okuzungezayo koMhlaba cishe kwaziwa kakhulu futhi kwafundwa ukunyakaza komhlaba ngumphakathi jikelele. Lokhu kunyakaza kuhambisana nokuzungeza okwenziwa iplanethi ku-eksisi yayo futhi okuthatha amahora angu-24 ukuqedela ukuzungeza okugcwele, uma iphuzu ebusweni bayo lithathwa kubhekiselwa elangeni. Lokhu kwaziwa ngokuthi ilanga ilanga.
Umhlaba uzizungeza ngasiphi isivinini?
Isivinini iplanethi yethu ezungeza ngaso izungeza i-eksisi yayo sibaliwe:a ingu-1670 km/h, uma ikalwa ngenhla nje kwenkabazwe, lapho inkulu khona. Isivinini siyehla njengoba iqhubekela phambili ibheke ezigxotsheni zasemhlabeni futhi imbulunga iyancipha.
Kuyamangaza ukucabanga ukuthi iplanethi yethu izungeza ngesivinini esikhulu kangaka futhi asikwazi ngisho nokuyibona. Lesi senzakalo singachaza ngokuphelele enye yezimiso zomthetho wokuhlobana ka-Einstein, lapho umbono wokunyakaza uncike esivinini isibukeli esihamba ngaso. Njengoba sihamba eMhlabeni ngesivinini esifanayo, asikwazi ukuzungeza, kodwa usomajukujuku ku-International Space Station angakubona kahle lokho.
Ukuzungeza koMhlaba kwenziwa ngendlela ebheke eNtshonalanga-Mpumalanga, okusho ukuthi uma singabona iplanethi yethu siphezulu (i-north pole) emkhathini, ibiyozungeza ibheke ohlangothini oluphambene newashi, cishe njengazo zonke ezinye. isistimu yelanga, ngaphandle kweVenus.
Imiphumela yokunyakaza kokuzungeza komhlaba
Ukuthi uMhlaba ungayeki ukuzungeza ngokwawo kukhiqiza imiphumela ethile emkhathini, empeleni, ebaluleke kakhulu ekusekeleni impilo njengoba siwazi.Uma uMhlaba uyeka ukuzungeza, impilo ibingeke ibe khona!
Iyini imiphumela yokuzungeza komhlaba?
Imini nobusuku.
Ngaphandle kokungabaza lokhu kubaluleke kakhulu futhi kudume kabi kuyo yonke imiphumela yokuzungeza ekuhambeni koMhlaba. Imini nobusuku zenzeka ngoba uMhlaba, njengoba uzungeza, ushintsha indawo lapho ubhekisela elangeni ngendlela yokujikeleza (njalo ngamahora angu-24).
Lesi senzakalo, esikwazi ngokuthi "izinsuku", sivumela iplanethi ukuthi ivezwe ngokuphepha emisebeni yelanga ezingxenyeni. Ukumunca ukushisa emini futhi ukukhiphe ebusuku, okusiza ukulawula imijikelezo yazo zonke izinto eziphilayo emhlabeni.
Itholakala e-Ecuador
Ukuma kwamaplanethi, aqhuma phakathi nendawo (I-Equatorial Line) futhi aba isicaba ngasezigxotsheni, kungenxa yokuguquguquka okukhiqizwa umthelela wamandla aphakathi nendawo okukhiqizwa ngenxa yokuzungeza okungapheli kweplanethi. Lo mphumela ubalulekile ezintweni zemvelo njengamagagasi olwandle.
Imimoya
Imimoya esiyizwa emkhathini weplanethi yethu ikhiqizwa njengomphumela wokuzungeza kwayo, njengoba lokhu kukhiqiza ukunyakaza okungenakunyakaziswa, okubangela ukuthi amagesi aqukethwe ngaphakathi ajikeleze ngokulinganayo kodwa abheke kolunye uhlangothi ngokubhekisela ekujikelezeni. .
Ukunyakaza kokuhumusha
Ukuhumusha kungenye yezinto ezi-2 eziphambili ukunyakaza komhlaba, kulesi simo iplanethi izungeza umjikelezo welanga ngenxa yomphumela wamandla adonsela phansi okwenziwa yiLanga Ukuphenduka kokuhumusha emzileni welanga kuthatha izinsuku ezingu-365, amahora angu-5 nemizuzu engu-47, okuhambisana nalokho esikwazi njengonyaka wekhalenda. . Ngenxa yomphumela onamandla wamandla elanga adonsela phansi emhlabeni wethu, uMhlaba uhamba emzileni wawo ngesivinini esimangalisayo esingu-106.200 km/h.
Iplanethi yethu isebangeni elimaphakathi elingamakhilomitha ayizigidi eziyi-150 ukusuka elangeni, kodwa lokhu kungahluka kancane ngokuya ngokuma kweplanethi emzileni, ongadwebi umbuthano ophelele, kodwa umumo oyi-elliptical. Umhlaba useduze nelanga phakathi nenyanga kaJanuwari, okusikhiqizela umphumela owaziwa ngokuthi i-perihelion (indawo eseduze kakhulu yebanga ukuya elangeni ngesikhathi sokuzungeza).
Imiphumela yokunyakaza kokuhumusha
Umthelela oyinhloko wokunyakaza kokuhumusha empilweni emhlabeni wethu ukulandelana kwezinkathi zezulu unyaka wonke.
Nakuba endaweni eseduze ne-Equatorial Line (izindawo ezishisayo zomhlaba), lezi zinguquko azibonakali kakhulu, njengoba siya ngasezigxotsheni zomhlaba, izinguquko zesimo sezulu unyaka wonke ziba sobala kakhulu.
Lokhu kwenzeka ngenxa yokutsheka koMhlaba eksisini yawo njengoba uzungeza ilanga, okusho ukuthi, isikhathi eside unyaka ngamunye, imisebe yelanga ayithambeki kangako (ebusika) noma iqonde ngokuphelele (ihlobo) .
Ukunyakaza komhlaba: ukudlula kwe-equinoxes
Nge Ukuqala kwe-equinoxes sijula kancane odabeni futhi isihloko siba nzima kakhulu. Ake sibone, uMhlaba awujikelezi nje kuphela eksisini yawo endaweni evundlile (ukuzungeza) futhi uzungeze ilanga (ukuhumusha), uphinde ujikeleze ngokwawo njengokungathi uphezulu, ushintsha indlela yezigxobo zawo ngokubhekisela emkhathini.
Kulokhu, uguquko oluhamba kancane futhi oluhamba kancane oludala ukuthi izimbazo zomhlaba zinyakaze ngendlela eyindilinga nxazonke. isigxobo se-ecliptic. Lo mnyakazo uthatha iminyaka eyizi-25.776 XNUMX ingqikithi ukuze uqedele ukuphenduka okukodwa komjikelezo wawo.
Umjikelezo ngamunye weminyaka engu-25.776 50.3 oqedwe kule nhlangano waziwa ngokuthi unyaka we-platonic futhi kuthatha isikhathi eside ngoba ukujikeleza kwe-polar kuzungeze isigxobo se-ecliptic kuhamba kancane. Ukutsheka kuhamba cishe ngemizuzwana engu-71 ye-sexagecimal ngonyaka, unyakazisa umhlaba ngedigri eyodwa njalo eminyakeni engama-XNUMX.
Ukuze siqonde kangcono lokhu kunyakaza, singacabanga nge-spining top. Iphezulu ayiziphendukeli kuphela, iphinde igwebe ukusuka kolunye uhlangothi kuya kolunye, okwenza ithiphu layo (noma isigxobo) lishintshe isikhundla ngokuphathelene nesikhala ngezikhathi ezithile.
Njengoba sesishilo, umnyakazo uhamba kancane kakhulu futhi ungachaza izinkathi zoshintsho olukhulu lwesimo sezulu emhlabeni, njengenkathi yeqhwa eyaziwa kakhulu.
Ukunyakaza komsoco
I-nutation ingenye yokunyakaza komhlaba, okuhambisana nokwenza kube nzima kakhulu ukunyakaza kokutsheka komhlaba maqondana ne-ecliptic pole.
Ngalo mqondo, i-axis yasemhlabeni ayinyakazi nje kuphela ichaza isiyingi esizungeze isigxobo esicatshangelwayo (inguquko ye-equinocial), iphinde inyakaze isuke kolunye uhlangothi iye kolunye, ngezikhathi ezithile inyakazisa ukutsheka komhlaba ukusuka kwesokunxele kuye kwesokudla ngenxa yomphumela ofanayo. isisindo seplanethi lapho sithinteka amandla adonsela phansi eLanga neNyanga kanye kanye.
Lokhu kunyakaza nakho kucashile kakhulu, nakuba kungacashile njengenguquko ye-equinocial. I i-nutation yasemhlabeni kubangela ukuthi iplanethi “inyakaze”, inyakaze cishe imizuzwana engu-9 ye-arc ibhekisela eksisi yayo njalo eminyakeni eyi-18.
Lokhu kunyakaza kwatholwa isazi sezinkanyezi u-James Bradley lapho sifunda ukuma kwe-terrestrial polar axs kubhekiselwa endaweni ye-Aries.
Chandler Wobble
Ukuzamazama kuka-Chandler, kwe ukunyakaza komhlaba, lowo okade ukhona yatholwa muva nje, eminyakeni engaphezudlwana nje kwekhulu edlule, ngo-100.
I-Chandler yobble iwukuhlukahluka okucashile ku-eksisi umhlaba ozungeza kuyo, okwamanje iyahlukahluka ngenani lama-arcseconds angu-0.7 njalo ngonyaka nesigamu.
Izimbangela ezikhiqiza i-Chandler inyakaza eksisini Yomhlaba akwaziwa, kodwa okwamanje kukholakala ukuthi kwenzeka ngenxa yokwabiwa kabusha kwesisindo soMhlaba njengoba uzungeza, ikakhulukazi phansi kolwandle. Nokho, lo mbono awukafakazelwa.