Izintaba-mlilo ziyingxenye ye-geomorphology yoMhlaba. I-Geomorphology igatsha le-geography kanye ne-geology ecwaninga izimo zobuso bomhlaba, ezinomthwalo wemfanelo wokuzichaza, ukuqonda imvelaphi yazo kanye nokuziphatha kwazo kwamanje. Ngaphakathi kwe-geomorphology sithola ngokuqondile intabamlilo, okuyisayensi, ephathelene ngokuqondile nokufundwa kwayo yonke into ehlobene nezintaba-mlilo.
Zonke izinhlobo zentaba-mlilo zihlukaniswe izigaba ezintathu eziyinhloko ngokusho kwe-geomorphology yayo, umsebenzi wayo wentaba-mlilo kanye nokuqhuma kwayo. Uma ufuna ukwazi okwengeziwe ngazo ngezinye izibonelo, kulokhu okuthunyelwe sizokhuluma ngazo.
Izintaba-mlilo, njengoba sishilo ekuqaleni kwalokhu okuthunyelwe, zihlukaniswa ngokuya ngokumila kwazo, umsebenzi wentaba-mlilo ezinawo kanye nohlobo lokuqhuma kwentaba-mlilo. Masenze isingeniso esifushane salokhu kuhlukaniswa:
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Izinhlobo zezintaba-mlilo ngokusho kwazo umsebenzi: izintaba-mlilo ezisebenzayo, ezingasebenzi nezingasekho
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Izinhlobo zezintaba-mlilo ngokusho kwazo i-geomorphology: izintaba-mlilo ezivikelekile, izintabamlilo ze-stratovolcano, ama-calderas, ama-cinder (noma ama-scoria) ama-cone, nama-lava domes.
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Izinhlobo zezintaba-mlilo ngokusho kwazo ukuqhuma: Izintaba-mlilo zaseHawaii, izintaba-mlilo zaseStrombolian, izintaba-mlilo zeVulcan, izintaba-mlilo zasePelean, izintaba-mlilo ezinama-hydromagmatic, izintaba-mlilo zase-Icelandic, nezintaba-mlilo ezihamba ngaphansi kolwandle.
Izinhlobo zezintaba-mlilo ngokusho komsebenzi wazo
Njengoba sesishilo ngaphambili, Izinhlobo zezintaba-mlilo ngokusho komsebenzi wazo ziyasebenza, azisebenzi futhi azisekho.. Ngezansi sizokhuluma ngamunye wabo.
Izintaba-mlilo ezisebenzayo
Yizo lezo ntabamlilo lezo zingaqhuma noma nini. Lokhu kwenzeka kuzintaba-mlilo eziningi, ezinye izibonelo zalokhu I-Old Summit esiqhingini saseSpain iLa Palma (esiqhumayo njengamanje), Sicilia, ntaba etna kusuka e-Italy (okwamanje kuqhuma), Umlilo waseGuatemala (okwamanje futhi ekuqhumeni) kanye IVolcán Irazú eCosta Rica.
Izintaba-mlilo ezilele
Ziyizintaba-mlilo ezigcina umsebenzi wazo usezingeni eliphansi, baziwa nangokuthi izintaba-mlilo ezithule. Nakuba umsebenzi wayo uphansi, ngezinye izikhathi uyaqhuma. Intaba-mlilo ibhekwa njengethule uma sekungamakhulu eminyaka ingaqhumi. Intabamlilo I-Teide eCanary Islands of Spain kanye ne-supervolcano Yellowstone e-United States ziyizibonelo zezintaba-mlilo ezithule. Kodwa-ke, lezi zibonelo ezimbili zakamuva zibonisa ukunyakaza, nokuzamazama komhlaba okuncane endaweni yazo, okuphakamisa ukuthi "zisaphila" futhi zingase zenziwe zisebenze ngesikhathi esithile, azipheli noma azisuswanga.
izintaba-mlilo ezingasekho
Ziyizintaba-mlilo ukuqhuma kwazo kokugcina kudala eminyakeni engaphezu kuka-25.000.. Kunoma yikuphi, abacwaningi abakhiphi ukuthi ngesikhathi esithile bazoqhuma futhi. Lezo zintaba-mlilo ezisuswe ukunyakaza kwe-tectonic mayelana nomthombo wazo we-magma nazo zithatha leli gama. Intabamlilo Ikhanda ledayimane eHawaii iyisibonelo sentaba-mlilo engasekho.
Izinhlobo zezintaba-mlilo ngokusho kwe-geomorphology yazo
vikela izintaba-mlilo
Lezi izintaba-mlilo ezinkulu. Zibonakala ngokuba nobubanzi obukhulu kunobude bazo.. Ukuma kwale ntaba-mlilo kunqunywa ukunqwabelana okuqhubekayo kokuqhuma kwentaba-mlilo. Ngokwesibonelo, izintaba-mlilo eziningi eziQhingini zaseGalapagos zinalokhu kwakheka, njenge-Wolf Volcano.
ama-stratovolcano
Njengoba igama layo lisikisela, lolu hlobo lwentaba-mlilo Yakhiwe ngezingqimba ze-basaltic lava nedwala.. Ziyindilinga futhi zisuka ekuqhumeni kweziqhumane ezishintshana nokunye okuzolile. Njengesibonelo se-stratovolcano, singabala intaba-mlilo yaseColima eMexico.
ama-volcanic calderas
Avela ekuqhumeni okukhulu noma ukuwa kwegumbi le-magma. Njengesici esiyinhloko, singakhuluma ngesimo sayo, okuyinto ibukeka njenge-crater enkulu. I i-bandama crater eGran Canaria isibonelo sentaba-mlilo enjalo.
Cinder (noma slag) izigaxa
Lezi yizintaba-mlilo ezigcwele kakhulu emhlabeni. SZibonakala ngobukhulu bazo obuncane. futhi kuyaqabukela eqe amamitha angu-300 ubude. Njengoba igama layo libonisa, zakhiwe ngomlotha kanye/noma i-slag. EPeru, ama-scoria cones angaphezu kuka-45 atholakala kuphela esifundeni sase-Arequipa naseCusco.
i-lava dome
Lolu hlobo lwentaba-mlilo isuka lapho i-lava ingamanzi kakhulu, bese iqongelela bese icindezela i-crater. Njengoba udaka lunqwabelana, kwavela uhlobo oluthile lwedome esiqongweni sentaba-mlilo. Isibonelo i-lava dome yentaba-mlilo Chaiten eChile
Izinhlobo zezintaba-mlilo ngokusho kokuqhuma kwazo
Izintaba-mlilo zaseHawaii
Udaka lwalezi zintaba-mlilo luwuketshezi futhi alukhiphi amagesi noma lukhiqize ukuqhuma ngesikhathi sokuqhuma.. Ngakho-ke, ukuqhuma kuthule. Izintaba-mlilo eziningi eHawaii zinalolu hlobo lokuqhuma, yingakho kuthiwa. Ngokuqondile, singabala intaba-mlilo yaseHawaii ebizwa ngokuthi Mauna loa.
Izintaba-mlilo ze-Strombolian
Ngokungafani nentaba-mlilo esanda kuchazwa, intaba-mlilo yaseStrombolian inikeza a hhayi kakhulu udaka viscous uketshezi, futhi ukuqhuma kuhlanganisa ukuqhuma okulandelanayo. Eqinisweni, udaka lwacwebezela njengoba lukhuphuka amapayipi, ngemva kwalokho umsebenzi wentaba-mlilo wancishiswa waba amabhola ahlanganiswe kancane odaka, olubizwa ngokuthi i-volcanic ejecta. Igama lalolu hlobo lwentaba-mlilo libhekisela entaba-mlilo iStromboli e-Italy, eqhuma ngendlela enesigqi njalo ngemizuzu eyi-10.
izintaba-mlilo zevulcanian
Kulokhu, banjalo ukuqhuma okunodlame kakhulu ezingabhubhisa izintaba-mlilo abakuzo. I i-lava libonakala ngokuba viscous kakhulu kanye nokuqukethwe kwegesi ephezulu. Njengesibonelo, singabala intaba-mlilo Volcano e-Italy, ukuqhuma kwayo kwentaba-mlilo okwabangela lolu hlobo lwentaba-mlilo.
ukulwa nezintaba-mlilo
Lezi zintaba-mlilo zine i-viscous lava eqina ngokushesha ukwakha ipulaki ku-crater. Ukucindezela okukhulu okudalwe igesi ngaphakathi kubangela ukuthi imifantu esemaceleni ivuleke futhi, ngezinye izikhathi, ipulaki ikhishwe ngobudlova. Njengesibonelo singabala intaba-mlilo Perret esiqhingini saseMartinique, okususelwa kuyo igama lale ntaba-mlilo.
izintaba-mlilo ze-hydromagmatic
Ukuqhuma kubangelwa ukusebenzelana kwezindimbane ze-magma ezithintana namanzi angaphansi komhlaba noma amanzi angaphezulu.. Kuye ngesilinganiso se-magma/amanzi, inani elikhulu le-steam lingakhishwa. Lolu hlobo lwezintaba-mlilo luvamile phakathi kwezintaba-mlilo esifundeni saseSpain saseCampo de Calatrava.
Izintaba-mlilo zase-Iceland
Kulezi zinhlobo zezintaba-mlilo, i-lava iyageleza futhi ukuqhuma kukhishwa ngemifantu emhlabathini, hhayi emgodini. Yakhiwa kanjalo-ke i I-Lava Plateau enkulu. LIningi lalezi zintaba-mlilo lise-Iceland., yingakho igama layo. Isibonelo esiqondile intaba-mlilo ikrafla e-Iceland.
izintaba-mlilo ezingaphansi kwamanzi
Nakuba kumangalisa, kukhona nezintaba-mlilo eziqhumayo ngaphansi kolwandle. Kunjalo, ukuqhuma kolwandle kuvame ukuhlala isikhashana. Kwezinye izimo, i-lava ekhishiwe ingafinyelela phezulu futhi yakhe iziqhingi zentaba-mlilo njengoba iphola. Isibonelo sentaba-mlilo engaphansi kwamanzi yintaba-mlilo kavachi eduze kwaseSolomon Islands.
Ngithemba ukuthi lesi sihloko sikusize ufunde kabanzi mayelana nezinhlobo zezintaba-mlilo nezici zazo. Uma ufuna ukwazi okwengeziwe ngezintaba-mlilo ungavakashela lokhu isixhumanisi.