I-Los izimpawu zobuKristu, zonke lezo zibonakaliso imfundiso yobuKristu imelelwa ngazo. Ezinye zazo bezilokhu zisetshenziswa kusukela ekuqaleni kwesikhathi, ngisho nasezinkolweni ezingezona ezobuKristu, ezisasebenza amakhulu eminyaka.
izimpawu zobuKristu
Izimpawu zobuKristu noma ezibuye zibizwe ngezimpawu zobuKristu, zifakwe emiqondweni ebhekisela ezimisweni eziqukethwe phakathi kwezinkolelo inkolo yobuKristu esekelwe kuzo. Uma ufuna ukwazi ngezinye izinhlobo zezimpawu ezibalulekile emlandweni, ungafunda ngazo izimpawu zamaBuddha
Lezi zimpawu zobuKristu zisebenze njengokusekela ukulondoloza izisekelo zokholo lwe Kristu. Ngesikhathi soMbuso WaseRoma, lezi zimpawu zazisetshenziswa ngokuqapha okuthile nge-syncretism yezenkolo eyayisafufusa, eyavela ngaleso sikhathi.
Abafundi abangamaKristu babezimise baba amaqembu amabili, izilaleli ezazize emihlanganweni, futhi ezazizwakalise isifiso sazo sokuthonywa okholweni. Nokho, indawo ezungezile yavuma ukunyonyobela impimpi, okwabambezela ukubhapathizwa kwalabo ababefuna ukuba ingxenye yomphakathi wamaKristu.
Kwakukhona amasiko athile ayegcinelwe ukuhlanganyela kwalabo abangena emfundisweni yobuKristu, ikakhulukazi labo ababa yingxenye yalokho okubizwa ngokuthi imfihlakalo yenyama negazi yeZwi likaNkulunkulu. UNkulunkulu
Kungaleso sikhathi lapho kwadalwa khona izimpawu zobuKristu, njengesu lamathwasa ukuze bazihlukanise nabanye abantu nokwenza kube lula ukubonana.
Origen
Ezinye izimpawu zobuKristu zingaba nemvelaphi yazo phakathi kwezinganekwane zasendulo, lapho kwaqala ukusetshenziswa isithombe sengxenye yezitshalo nezilwane, okwathatha incazelo emele yenkolo ngokwayo, njengokuthi, isibonelo, Isiphambano , the Ipigogo, ijuba elimhlophe, inhlanzi, isundu, phakathi kwabanye.
Engxenyeni yenkolo, ngokusobala ukuvuka kwe Jesús kwethulwa ukusetshenziswa kwesithombe se-turkey nezinye izikhathi nenyoni I-Fénix. Ngokwengxenye yalo, ngomfanekiso wejuba, ukulula kwakufanekiselwa, kodwa futhi kubonisa ukuthula nokuhlanzeka kwemiphefumulo. Inyamazane noma inyamazane, zithathwa njengezinceku ze UKristu.
Enye yezimpawu zobuKristu ezibhekwa njengesithonjana senkolo yendawo yonke inhlanzi, okwathi ngesikhathi sekhulu leshumi nantathu BC, yathathwa njengophawu lwasendulo, okwakuhloswe ngalo ukuvuka kwabafileyo, kwasetshenziswa okokuqala ngqa lowo mongo, ethuneni lomGibhithe ikhabekhnet, owayeyingxenye yozalo lwe-XIX.
Njengasezikhathini zombusi UDiocletian, lapho abantu abangamaKristu bebhekana nokushushiswa okubi kakhulu, ngekhulu lesi-XNUMX nelesi-XNUMX AD. C, umphakathi wamaKristu wavinjelwa ekuvuseleleni into efanayo, ngakho-ke bafihla ukusetshenziswa kwezimpawu zobuKristu, njengesibonelo somfanekiso wehange, lapho kuthiwa ireferensi yenziwa ngendlela efanisiwe, esiphambanweni. kwe Kristu.
Idethi eqondile lapho igama lesiGrikhi ikhthys, okusho ukuthi inhlanzi, yaqala ukusho ukuthi "UJesu Kristu, iNdodana kaNkulunkulu futhi Usindisiwer”, kodwa ngemva kokuqashelwa kwawo emhlabeni wonke, isibalo sezinhlanzi sathathwa njengophawu lwemvelo lobuKristu.
Kwakungemva kwekhulu lesithathu lapho izimpawu zobuKristu zaqala ukusetshenziswa ngokusobala, phakathi kwazo, umfanekiso omele ukubethelwa esiphambanweni. Jesús nabafundi bakhe abayishumi nambili, futhi usuku lwabo lushiwo phakathi kwekhulu lesi-III noma le-IV AD. c.
Ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, kwanezelwa ezinye izimpawu zobuKristu, okwenza kwaba nokwenzeka ukubala ezinhlobonhlobo zalezi namuhla, ukusetshenziswa kwe-Holy Cross kugqame phakathi kwabo bonke, ngoba kukhumbula isigaba sokubethelwa esiphambanweni. Kristu.
Ngisho umfanekiso wentombi UMariya, kukho konke ukunxusa kwayo, okuhlanganisa uthando lukamama, into enhle eqiniswa engqondweni ngokusetshenziswa kwamasu kwemibala eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka nomhlophe, enomfanekiso wayo wokuhlanzeka kwasezulwini. Ngokuphambene nalokho, ukusetshenziswa kwezimpondo nemisila kubonisa ngokuzenzakalelayo i-symbology ye-diabolical, ehlotshaniswa noSathane, okuyinto, ngendlela efanayo, iqiniswa nokusetshenziswa kombala obomvu ovuthayo.
Izimpawu eziningi zokuqala ezixhumene nenkolo, zaba izithonjana ezaziwayo ezinencazelo efanayo emhlabeni wonke, ngoba ngemfundiso yobuKristu, kwakubaluleke kakhulu ukuthi zidalwe ngaleyo ndlela futhi kube lula kubantu ukuzibona, kungakhathaliseki ukuthi amasiko ahlukene.
Iwundlu nomalusi omuhle bangesinye isibonelo, ngoba esimweni sokuqala, umhlatshelo womsindisi wethu umelwe futhi okwesibili, usiza ekucabangeni omunye wezimpawu ezinkulu kakhulu zomsindisi wethu. UKristu. Ezinye izimpawu umphongolo we uNowa, ukwakheka kwamasonto, isinkwa newayini, ibhayibheli, njll.
Kuthiwa, ngezikhathi zoshushiso lobuKristu, amathuna, ayewuhlobo oluthile lwamathuna angaphansi komhlaba, ayesetshenziswa njengendawo yokuphephela kulamaqembu enkolo, inkolelo-mbono eyabuzwa kamuva phakathi nenkathi yanamuhla. Ngaphandle kokubukwa njengamathuna, baphinde bafika bazomela abafela ukholo ngabo, kwagujwa namasakramente amaningana ukuze kuhlonishwe bona.
Amathuna ayeyizindawo zemiphefumulo yonke eyayilindele isikhathi sayo esilindele uvuko. Umdwebo ofanayo ababehlotshiswe ngawo, wawuqukethe izimpawu nezimpawu ezibonisa ukuba khona kokuphila ngemva kokuphila kanye nokukhunjulwa kwe-Ekaristi.
Izimpawu eziningi zobuKristu zathathwa njengengxenye yobuciko bobuKristu, obubunjwe njengomhlobiso wezakhiwo ezihlukahlukene zenkolo, ukuthola kulezi zindawo indawo yokubonisa indalo yabo kanye nempumelelo ehlukahlukene, beza ukwakha amakhilomitha angamakhulu ayisithupha amagalari angaphansi komhlaba. , ezivakashelwa izivakashi nama pilgrim.
Izinhlobo Zezimpawu ZobuKristu
Kunezethulo eziningi nezithombe ezingokwemfundiso yobuKristu ezihlukaniswa njengezimpawu zobuKristu. Kukhona ezinye izinhlobo zezimpawu zenkolo ezingase zikuthakasele njenge 5 Inkanyezi Ecijile
Nazi ezinye zezimpawu ezaziwa kakhulu zobuKristu:
U-Alfa no-Omega
izimpawu zobuKristu U-Alfa no-Omega, zimelelwa ngengokoqobo α noma Α y ω noma Ω, uma kuqhathaniswa, uwuhlamvu oluyinhloko nowokugcina phakathi kwezinhlamvu zamagama zesiGreki. Ngokwalo mqondo, ingahlotshaniswa nalokho okuyisiqalo nesiphetho, esimelela ubuphakade bukaBaba osezulwini.
Ngokufanayo, ngaphakathi kwemibhalo engcwele, ikakhulukazi eVangelini likaJohane, izindima ezimbili zeBhayibheli zicashunwe encwadini yesAmbulo, lapho U-Alfa no-Omega ziqanjwe ngamagama, enye yazo amazwi avela kusAmbulo 1:8.
Lezi zimpawu zobuKristu zaqala ukusetshenziswa kusukela ngekhulu lesine, ngezinye izikhathi zihlanganiswa nezinye izimpawu, enye yazo Chrismon. Zingezinye ezisetshenziswa kakhulu emasontweni aseNtshonalanga naphezu kokuthi ziyizinhlamvu zomsuka wesiGreki.
Isikhonkwane
Ihange ngolunye lwezimpawu zobuKristu, ezihlotshaniswa nezokuPhepha. Ekuqaleni kwalo, lalisetshenziswa njengophawu lokumelela ithemba, ngamakholwa asendulo okholo, lelo themba okwakumelwe balilondoloze ovukweni nasekuphileni okuzayo okwakulindelwe ngemva kokuphila kwasemhlabeni, ipharadesi elinikeziwe.
Igcina ubuhlobo obuseduze nophawu lwe ichthys noma izinhlanzi ze Jesús, yingakho kuvame kakhulu ukuzibona ndawonye ezithombeni ezimbalwa. Ngezikhathi zokushushiswa kobuKristu, uphawu lwehange lwalusetshenziselwa ukufihla uphawu lweSiphambano sika Jesús.
Umqhele wameva
Umqhele Wameva ungenye yezimpawu zobuKristu ezihlanganisa intshiseko ye UJesu KristuNokho, ngalezo zinsuku, amasosha amaRoma ayelisebenzisa ngenjongo yokumlulaza ngaphambi kokuba abethelwe esiphambanweni, ambhapathize “njengenkosi yabaJuda,” ngokwemibhalo engcwele.
Ukucaphuna kweBhayibheli evangelini ngokusho San Juan 19:2 , ukuvezwa ngokucacile ngesikhathi la masosha ebeka ekhanda likaJesu umqhele wameva ayewenzile.
Chrismon
Phakathi kohlu lwezimpawu zobuKristu, okubizwa ngokuthi "amaChristograms" kwadalwa, okuyiwona Chrismon, ingxenye yomunye wabo, ebizwa nangokuthi uChi Ro. Yakhiwe ngezinhlamvu ezimbili zokuqala zegama lesiGreki elithi “uKristu" noma u-ΧΡΙΣΤΟΣ, okungukuthi, uhlamvu u-Chi (X), kanye nohlamvu Rho (P).
Ngezikhathi ze UConstantine I, umbusi emlandweni wamaRoma, wasebenzisa lolu phawu njengesibonakaliso phakathi nekhulu lesine AD. C. Lolu phawu luvame ukuvela luhambisana nama-initials of the U-Alfa no-Omega ngokuvamile.
Phakathi nenkathi yangaphambi kobuKristu, lolu phawu lwalusetshenziswa negama elithi "chreston", okusho ukuthi luwusizo. Sasetshenziswa njengesifinyezo esasibhalelwe ukugqamisa iziqephu ezithakazelisayo eziseceleni, ukuze zikwazi ukukukhomba.
isiphambano sobuKristu
Isiphambano sobuKristu singenye yezimpawu ezifanele kakhulu zobuKristu. Imele ukubekwa kwemigqa emibili ngokwehlukana kwayo bese inqamula. Lifanekisela indawo uMesiya afela kuyo.
Ngenxa yobudlelwano bawo obuseduze nezinqubo zokubulawa ezaziqhutshwa ngaleso sikhathi, lolu phawu lwalungasetshenziswa umphakathi wamaKrestu, kunalokho ichthys. Isiphambano saqala ukuhlotshaniswa nemfundiso yobuKristu kusukela ekhulwini lesibili nelesithathu leminyaka.
Nokho, ngaphambi kokuba kukhulunywe ngobuKristu njengenkolo, isiphambano kakade sase sisetshenziswa amanye amasiko, kodwa ngokuhlukahluka kwesimo saso nezinye izincazelo ezingokwenkolo, ezihlukile kulezo esasizozamukela kamuva. Isiko laseGibhithe kanye namaHindu kwakungabanye.
Ngaphakathi kwamagatsha obuKristu, kunezinhlobonhlobo zeziphambano zobuKristu, ezaziwa kakhulu futhi zisetshenziswa isikhungo seSonto LamaKatolika, esibizwa ngokuthi "isiphambano sesiLatini". Ukuma kwayo yimigqa emibili, omunye wabo ubonakala mude kunomunye. Ezinye zezinhlobonhlobo ezifanele kakhulu zalolu phawu yilezi: isiphambano sesiGreki; isiphambano sikapapa; I-Patriarchal Cross noma i-Cross of Lorraine; Isiphambano saseLorraine; isiphambano se-tau; UmKristu ankh.
isiphambano saseJerusalema
isiphambano se EJerusalema, ingenye yezimpawu zenkolo ezinomlingiswa ongokomlando, owaziwa emhlabeni wonke ngokuthi Izwe Elingcwele noma Izimpi Zenkolo. Ngokuqondene nesakhiwo sayo, kunemininingwane yokuthi inesiphambano esiphakathi, esinesimo sayo esivela ku-Hellenic futhi ekugcineni kwayo, ineziphetho eziqondile.
Iziphambano zalolu hlobo zibizwa ngokuthi iziphambano ezinamandla. Ukuma kwayo kuqedwa ngokwengezwa kwesiphambano esincane sesiGreki, esihlelwe ku-quadrants ngayinye equkethwe ngaphakathi kwesiphambano esikhulu. Abizwa ngokuthi "ama-crossheads". nxazonke esiphambanweni EJerusalema izincazelo eziningana zelukiwe, ngayinye iveza incazelo yayo.
Enye yezinto ezinamandla kakhulu i-hypothesis lapho kuboniswa khona ukuthi isithombe se UJesu Kristu ufanekiselwa esiphambanweni esikhulu, kuyilapho iziphambano ezine zingabavangeli abane abakhulu bomlando wenkolo. Ezinye izincazelo ezinikezwe yona, ukuthi iziphambano ezi-5 zihlangene zimelela amanxeba amahlanu ka Kristu wabethelwa esiphambanweni.
Isiphambano sikaSaint Peter noma i-Inverted Cross
isiphambano se Saint Peter, Inesimo esifanayo nesiphambano sobuKristu, kodwa sisesimweni esihlanekezelwe. Igama lakhe kanye nemvelaphi wanikwa kuye ngenxa yokubethelwa esiphambanweni San Pedro, owayengacabangi ukuthi ufanelwe ukufa njengoba nje nothisha wakhe wafa, ngakho-ke, bambeka phezulu.
Umphakathi wamaKrestu usebenzise uphawu lwalesi siphambano ukumela ngaso ukubaluleka kokuzithoba. Kodwa-ke, ukusetshenziswa kwayo kube yiphuzu lokubuza nokugxeka, ngoba futhi kuwuphawu olusetshenziswa amaqembu akhonza i-diablo, abakwenza ukuze baphawule ukuma kwabo ngokumelene nezimfundiso zobuKristu.
i-staurogram
I-staurogram ingenye yezimpawu zobuKristu ezakhiwe ngezinhlamvu ezimbili zesiGreki: i-Tau() kanye ne-Ro (P, okuyizifinyezo zamagama omsuka wesiGrikhi i-stauros (σταυρός) y i-stauroo (σταυρόω), okusho ukuwela nokubethela ngokulandelana. Lolu phawu lwaziwa nangegama elithi monogrammatic noma I-Taurus.
Kwezinye izethulo zayo eziyingcaca ingafinyelelwa ihambisane nezinye izimpawu ezifana ne U-Alfa no-Omega. Ngaphambi kokuba lisetshenziswe njengophawu lobuKristu, lalisetshenziswa kusukela ezikhathini zangaphambi kobuKristu. Kwakungesokuqala sezibonakaliso okwakumelwe ukubethelwa kukaJesu ngazo. UJesu, okusetshenziswa kwawo kusukela ngekhulu lesi-XNUMX kuya kwelesi-XNUMX AD, okuthathelwa indawo ngokuhamba kwesikhathi uphawu lwe Chrismon.
I-Ichtus noma i-Ichthys
El ithu, zakhiwe ngamakhothamo amabili okuthi lapho ehlangene enze isimo senhlanzi. Ngokwe-etymologically, leli gama libhaliwe ἰχθύς isho ukuthini inhlanzi Uma ibhalwe ngosonhlamvukazi (ΙΧΘΥΣ), ithola i-symboogy yayo evezwa ngesifinyezo:
- Mina: kusho ukuthini Jesús
- Χ: kusho ukuthini Kristu
- Θ: kusho ukuthini UNkulunkulu
- Υ: kusho ukuthini Ndodana
- Σ: kusho ukuthini Salvador
Ngezinsuku lapho imfundiso yobuKristu iqala, lolu phawu lwalusetshenziswa ekusithekeni. Isibalo sezinhlanzi siye saphindaphinda phakathi kwamavangeli, usuku lwawo lusukela ekhulwini lesibili leminyaka mayelana nokuvela kwawo kokuqala, okwandisa kakhulu ukusetshenziswa kwawo ekhulwini lesithathu nelesine. Lapho isihlotshaniswa ngokugcwele nenkolo yobuKristu, ukusetshenziswa kwayo kwaduma.
ama-monograms enkolo
Kukhona ama-monograms amaningana asephenduke izimpawu zobuKristu ngoba ayizinhlamvu ezinokubaluleka okukhulu komlando wale mfundiso. Esetshenziswa kakhulu futhi ethandwa kakhulu yilezi: I-Monogram IH, esetshenziswa njengesifinyezo segama le Jesús. Lezi zinhlamvu zingezakuqala zegama lomsindisi, lapho ubhala igama lakhe ngesiGreki, "ΙΗΣΟΥΣ".
I-IHS Monogram, kuwukuhluka kwesifinyezo segama likaJesu ngesiGreki, okukunikeza incazelo ngokuthi "UJesu Hominum Salvator”, okusho ukuthi ngolimi lwesiLatini “UJesu uMsindisi Wabantu”. Yayisetshenziswa njengophawu oluvela eduze kwesiphambano nezinzipho ezintathu, eziqukethwe elangeni elikhazimulayo.
I-Monogram IX, Yakhiwe ngezinhlamvu I kanye no-X, ongafinyeza ngazo amagama we UJesu noKristu United, okubhalwe ngesiGreki I-ΙΗΣΟΥΣ kanye ne-ΧΡΕΙΣΤΟΣ, ngokulandelana. I-Monogram IC XC, Ingenye yamaChristogram asetshenziswa kakhulu amaqembu enkolo esifundeni saseMpumalanga. Yakhiwe ngohlamvu lokuqala nelokugcina lwamagama esiGreki elithi UJesu noKristu.
Kulokhu, u-Σ uthathelwa indawo ukusetshenziswa kwe-C. Ngokwesiko, lolu phawu lobuKristu lungabonakala luhambisana negama. I-NIKA, elisuselwa esenzweni sesiGreki nginakho, okusho ukuthi "nqoba". Ngokuhlangene, uphawu luzovezwa ngale ndlela elandelayo: I-IC XC NIKA, okusho ukuthi “UJesu Kristu Uyanqoba”, ibinzana elimelela iqiniso lokuthi wanqoba ukufa.
Paloma
Umfanekiso wejuba elimhlophe ungenye yezimpawu eziphindaphindiwe zobuKristu. Iqanjwe emavangelini ambalwa ahlobene nokubhabhadiswa komsindisi, esinye sezibonelo ukucaphuna kweBhayibheli Lucas 3: 22.
Enkolweni yobuKristu, uphawu lwejuba lumelela umfanekiso we UMoya oNgcwele, iyingxenye evelele kwezobuciko bobuKristu. Nasemibhalweni engcwele yencwadi ka UGenesise, kukhulunywa ngejuba, ikakhulukazi esicashuni UGenesise 8: 11.
Ngaphakathi kwalesi siqephu, amaqiniso avezwa nini uNowa Uthumela ijuba ukuba liyofuna indawo eqinile ngesikhathi esesikebheni sakhe ngemva kokuba uzamcolo usudlulile. Ijuba labuya negatsha lomnqumo futhi lokho kwakuwubufakazi bokuthi lalithole indawo. Ngemfundiso yobuKristu, ijuba lodwa lisho i UMoya oNgcwele, kodwa lapho iboniswa negatsha lomnqumo, iba uphawu lokuthula.
Isinkwa newayini
Isinkwa newayini kuwuphawu lobuKristu Jesús wabanikeza ukubaluleka okukhulu, ngaphakathi komkhosi wesidlo sakusihlwa sokugcina. Inkosi yanikela lokhu kudla kubafundi bayo, ibala amagama athile aphenduka izwi elingcwele, futhi ahlala emibhalweni ye AbaseKorinte, I-11: 24-25.
“Phuzani nidle… lo yimi engizakuthwalwa yinina, nikwenza lokhu njengesibusiso esivela kimi. Thathani niphuze, lokhu kuyindebe yegazi lami, imele ithuba elisha lokuthola ukuphila okuphakade ". Kusukela ngaleso sikhathi kuqhubeke, izimpawu zesinkwa newayini umzimba negazi Kristu. Lesi sisho siphindaphindwa ngamaKristu ngokugujwa kweSidlo ngasinye ezixukwini zamaKhatholika, ukuze kuqiniswe isigijimi esishiywe umhlengi wethu.
Ipigogo
Ngaphakathi kobuciko bobuKristu, kuye kwanikezwa izincazelo ezihlukahlukene ekusetshenzisweni kophawu lwepigogo, nokho, owaziwa kakhulu ukumelela ukungafi. Ngokufanayo, kwadalwa inganekwane mayelana nalesi silwane esihle ukuthi inyama yaso ayizange ibole lapho sibulewe.
Futhi "amehlo" aqukethwe ngaphakathi kwezimpaphe zawo ezibabazekayo, afanekisela iso lika UNkulunkulu obona konke. Okunye ukuhunyushwa kwaze kwahlotshaniswa novuko ngenxa yokuthi izimpaphe zalo ziyashintsha minyaka yonke. Kukhona ezinye izithombe lapho ungabona ipigogo liphuza enkomishini, okusho umthombo wokuphila okuphakade.
Pelican
Ivuba limelela inkanuko Kristu. Amavuba yiwona aphethe ngokuphakela amazinyane awo kanti kuthiwa emandulo uma ayengatholi izinhlanzi ayewenza amanxeba ukuze awadlise ngegazi lawo.
Lomhlatshelo wothando waqhathaniswa nomkhosi wesidlo lapho sondla abantu abangamaKristu, umsindisi wethu usinika igazi lakhe ukuba siliphuze. Kunamasonto anezithombe zamavuba ezinsikeni zawo ngenxa yalokhu.
Futhi ukuvala lesi sihloko esithakazelisayo, sikumema ukuthi ubuyekeze ngaphakathi kwebhulogi yethu, ezinye izinhlobo zezimpawu ezaziwa kakhulu futhi ezinencazelo ebalulekile emlandweni wendawo yonke, njenge Izimpawu zeViking
