UbuJuda bungenye yezinkolo ezindala kunazo zonke emhlabeni, eyingqayizivele yokukholelwa kuNkulunkulu oyedwa, okungukuthi, ukukhulekela unkulunkulu oyedwa kuphela. Ngokuqondene ne Izimpawu zamaJudaZiyisibonelo sendlela leli siko elithuthuke ngayo eminyakeni edlule ukuze libonise izinkolelo namasiko alo.
Yiziphi izimpawu zamaJuda?
I-Torah imelela umbhalo wesandla lapho iningi lalezi zimpawu ezibaluleke kakhulu esikweni ligcinwa khona. Ingenye yezinkolo ezinenani elikhulu labalandeli, ifinyelela cishe abantu abayizigidi eziyi-15. I izimpawu zamaya, ziye zasho lukhulu kubantu baseMexico, abasekela la masiko athinta imizwelo ezizukulwaneni ngezizukulwane. Okulandelayo, uhlu olunalezi zifanekiso ezingokomfanekiso zobuJuda.
Inkanyezi kaDavid
Ngaphakathi kwezimpawu zamaJuda, kungashiwo ukuthi ingenye yezinto ezibaluleke kakhulu kule siko. Ibeka indlela kubo bonke abantu abazongena kule nkolo. Kusukela eNkathini Ephakathi yilapho lesi sibalo siqala ukuhlotshaniswa namaJuda, ngesikhathi sokuhlobisa zonke izindawo zezakhiwo ukuze kuphakanyiswe ubunjalo bawo.
Futhi inamanye amagama okufinyelela kulokhu kumelwa njengesithombe sikaDavid, Shield of David noma uMagen David. Noma iyiphi kulezi zincazelo ezintathu kucatshangwa ukuthi ibhekisele kulolu phawu lwasendulo. Umlando wayo usitshela ukuthi lesi sibalo sahlala silotshiwe esihlanguni seNkosi uDavide, njengegama elifanayo lamandla, ubuqhawe nesibindi sabo bonke abantu.
Kuqukethe ukwakheka konxantathu ababili abalinganayo abajwayele ukuhlangana. Umphumela uba inkanyezi enhle enamaphuzu ayisithupha eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka. Ivamise ukuba sefulegini nalo mbala ngaphansi kwengemuva elimhlophe, ukuze uphawu lugqame kuzo zonke izindawo lapho luhlala khona. Kamuva, ubuSulumane nobuKhrestu ngokwabo banikeza udumo Inkanyezi kaDavid ngokwezinjongo zezenkolo kuphela.
UDavide wayeyinkosi yokuqala uNkulunkulu ayihlela emhlabeni ukuba inakekele izithakazelo zakhe. Ubuntu bakhe bumholele ekutheni alwe nabanye abalwi abafana noGoliyathi esikhaleni esifana nehexagram. Ngenxa yalesi sizathu kuyaqondakala ukuthi inkanyezi ihlala ngaphakathi kwezimpawu zamaJuda ngomfutho omkhulu, ngenxa yomzabalazo wale nkosi ukuzivikela. La mandla ahlanganisa indawo engaphansi kwezulu kanye nendiza yasemhlabeni.
I-Menorah
Ukuvela kwalesi sibalo kulandisa izimpawu zamaJuda zomlando omkhulu emphakathini. I-menorah iyi-candelabra enezingalo eziyisikhombisa ezazisebenza njengezibani zikawoyela ukuze zikhanyise phakathi kobumnyama. Abanye abacwaningi balondoloza ukuthi into yayilele eThempelini laseJerusalema, kuze kube yilapho iba ithuluzi lehlelo, elinokuqukethwe okuphezulu okungcwele.
Uma i-menorah ikhanyisiwe, imemezela izikhathi zokholo nethemba. Kwanele nje ukubeka ikhandlela ukunxusa ukuphela kwempi noma ukuheha ukuchuma esizweni. AmaKristu ayazisa kakhulu le nto, ngoba ihlobene ngokuqondile nothando, ukufa nokuvuka kukaJesu Kristu.
I-Menorah isho "isibani" ngolimi lwesiHeberu, nakuba inamanye amagama asho ukukhanya, ubumsulwa kanye nethemba. Eyokuqala yayakhiwe ngegolide elicwengekileyo, ukuze ibe khona ethempelini laseJerusalema. Lapho uNkulunkulu ebonakala kuye okokuqala, wayala ukwakhiwa kwento efana nothi lwekhandlela ukuze kukhanye izibani ngendlela yamafutha. Encwadini ka-Eksodusi (25, 31) kukhona lesisho esilandelayo:
«Yenza uthi lwesibani olukhandwe ngesando, oluhlanzekile lwegolide. Isisekelo salo, isiqu saso nezindebe zalo, ama-calyxes nezimbali, kuzoba ucezu olulodwa."
Lesi sibani sezakhiwo eziyisikhombisa singasibeka kunoma yiliphi iTabernakele, okungukuthi, emathempelini emvelo ethwalayo ukuze sikhumbule ukuthi uNkulunkulu wabonakala phambi kukaMose, enomthetho wokulakha. Yebo likhona iTabernakele lamaJuda elibhekisela ngandlela-thile ezehlakalweni ezenzeka eNtabeni yaseSinayi, ngemihlobiso ezindwangu noma amakhethini.
EBhayibhelini akukho lapho kukhulunywa khona nge-menorah eyinhloko, ngoba ibala umfanekiso wezinye ezingu-10 ezinezimbali ezihlotshiswe ngezimbali nezinto ezingavuthiwe zegolide lasekhaya. INkosi uSolomoni (indodana kaDavide) yayala ukuba kuthunywe izethulo eziningana ukuze zisakazwe endlini yayo engcwele. Enezibani eziyishumi, wazibeka endaweni yonke: ezinhlanu ngakwesobunxele nezinye ezinhlanu kwesokudla.
Akwaziwa ngokuqinisekile ukuthi iMenorah yokuqala yasala kuphi. Inkolo yamaJuda ilandisa ukuthi yebiwa uTitus (nakuba kamuva kwaba nokungabaza ukuthi leso sibani sasingokoqobo noma senziwe ngomgunyathi). Kodwa-ke, lolu luthi lwekhandlela luphinde lwavela ngemuva nje kokuthi beluntshontshwe kumaVandals. Kamuva, balidlulisela eConstantinople.
Kodwa zisho ukuthini izingalo eziyisikhombisa? Izinsuku eziyisikhombisa uNkulunkulu azithatha ekudaleni indawo yonke njengoba yaziwa kanjalo. Kunalokho, ukukhanya kungalawo mandla angokomoya abantu abanawo. Ezinye izincazelo zichaza ukuthi ingalo ephakathi ihambisana noMgqibelo, ngoba isenzakalo esikhazimulayo kunazo zonke ubuKristu obugubha ngenjabulo: ukuvuka kukaJesu Kristu.
hanukiah
Ibukeka ifana ne-menorah enamagatsha ayisikhombisa, kodwa esikhundleni sale nombolo, engeza amabili ngaphezulu ukuze wenze isamba esiyisishiyagalolunye. Eyaziwa ngokuthi i-Hanukkah Menorah, isetshenziselwa imikhosi yezinsuku eziyisishiyagalombili, nobusuku obuyisishiyagalombili. Kunezimpawu ezibalulekile zamaJuda, kodwa uHanukkiah ugcina umlando wokuzalwa kweThempeli Lesibili eJerusalema. Njalo ebusuku kubalwa okungenani ikhandlela elilodwa kuze kube ngakusasa ukuze kukhunjulwe uMkhosi Wezibani.
Kippah
Kuyisigqoko esihle esiyingxenye yezingubo zamaJuda, ezisetshenziswa kakhulu ngamadoda. Ukusetshenziswa kwayo kuyahlukahluka, ngoba amanye amadoda akhetha ukuyisebenzisa nsuku zonke, kuyilapho abanye bekhetha ukuba Orthodox more nokubekwa kwayo ngeMigqibelo noma lapho sebezongena eSinagogi. Uma owesilisa waleli qembu engeyena umJuda, uphoqelekile futhi ukuthi abe neKippah ukuze angazihlanganisi kule ndawo.
Ukwakhiwa kwe-Kippah akulandeli iphethini ethile, ngoba iyikepisi eligqokwa cishe yizo zonke izakhamuzi eziqhuba ubuJuda njengenkolo yazo eyinhloko. Kodwa-ke, ukusetshenziswa kwayo kuyimpoqo ezimongweni ezishiwo ngenhla.
Chai
Kuwuphawu olusafufusa lwabanye ababili abayingxenye yezinhlamvu zesiHebheru ezidumile (i-chet ne-yod). Uma womabili ama-graphem ehlangana ndawonye anikeza incazelo ehlukile kuneyokuqala. I-Chai ibhekisela "kukuphila", "impilo" noma "ukuphila". Ngokwesiko, kuwuphawu olubekwa ezindondoni ukuze kuhehe izinhlanhla noma ukuvikelwa kukho konke okubi. Ngezinjongo zokufaka izinombolo, ihambisana nenombolo 18 yemisebenzi ye-gematria. Inani elihle kakhulu, elibonisa ukungagwegwesi nenjabulo yamaJuda.
hamsa
Ihambisana nenye i-amulet yenhlanhla esesimweni sesandla. Umsuka wayo uvela eMpumalanga Ephakathi noma eNyakatho Afrika. AmaSulumane agcina isiko lokubeka isandla sikaFatima eminyango yezindlu zabo njengophawu lokuvikela, ukuze amandla obubi angabi nakho ukungena ekhaya.
Igama lisuka olimini lwesi-Arabhu libhekisela enombolweni yesihlanu, ngoba iyinombolo yeminwe efanayo naleyo amulet enayo. Ukusetshenziswa kokuqala kwale medali enkulu kuvela eMesophothamiya yasendulo.
UDreidel
Ingaphezulu elinezinhlangothi ezine elisetshenziselwa uMkhosi Wezibani noma i-Hanukkah. Ehlangothini ngalunye kunohlamvu lwezinhlamvu zesiHeberu, isibonelo uNun (נ), Gimel (ג), Hei (ה) kanye noShin (ש). Lezi zipelingi azibekwa ngenhlanhla, ngoba zisebenza njengereferensi yokusho imithetho yomdlalo. Kamuva, izazi zafinyelela esiphethweni sokuthi ngokwakha umusho ngala mazwi okuqala, zihumusha ngokuthi “kusanda kwenzeka isimangaliso esikhulu.”
Phakathi kwezinye izincazelo ezivunyelwe yizimpawu zamaJuda, lesi siphezulu sigcina izifundazwe ezine ezazidingisiwe njengeBhabhiloni, iPheresiya, iSeleucid neRoma.
mezuzah
Iwumqulu odumile wasendulo omkhulu onamavesi eTorah agcinwe ebhokisini elincane. Okungenani kuyo yonke imizi kuneMezuzah eminyango, njengengxenye yenhlonipho enkulu ekhona ngemithetho etholakala emiBhalweni Engcwele yalolu hlobo lwesiko lamaJuda. Ithola ukubaluleka okukhulu uma ikhona ezikoleni noma emasinagogeni, njengento ebalulekile kuzo zonke izingqalasizinda ezihlanganisa inani elithile labalandeli.
Ukubeka emlandweni, kunethuba lokubonisa ukuthi la mavesi alotshwa ngesikhathi sikaDuteronomi, iziqu zawo zisabela kuDuteronomi. Shema Israel y Vehaya im shamoa. Akuwona wonke amaMezuzah enzelwe ukuba abe sendaweni eyodwa. Indlu ngayinye inomthwalo wemfanelo wokusebenzisa izimpawu zamaJuda, kodwa kulokhu okukhethekile kubalulekile ukuthi amagama abhalwe yi-iron connoisseur yeTorah, ngoba uyakwazi ukuqonda incazelo yamavesi, kuze kube yilapho evumelanisa nefanele ekhaya noma esikoleni.
Shofar
Kuwo wonke uhlu lwezimpawu zamaJuda, i-shofar ingenye ekhunjulwa kakhulu kanye neNkanyezi kaDavide ngokuveza isimo sophondo. Akukho ukuma noma ubukhulu obuthile, ngoba incazelo ifana ncamashi kuzo zonke izimo. Ivamise ukuzwakala ngePhathi likaNcibijane nanoma yimuphi omunye umcimbi ohlonishwayo ogujwa amaJuda.
YHVH
Yisifinyezo esithatha indawo yegama elithi Yahveh, unkulunkulu wakwa-Israyeli eliphendula leli gama elifanayo. Ngokuthakazelisayo, onkamisa bezinhlamvu zesiHeberu abanalo inani elilinganayo nelezinhlamvu zesiLatini, ngakho-ke banganakwa lapho bebhalwa. Uma umuntu ebheka izinhlamvu zokuqala ezinongwaqa othi «YHVH» ubhekisela kuleli gunya lika-Israel. Lo Nkulunkulu waziwa kweminye imiqondo ngokuthi yi-tetragrammaton. Kusukela kulo mzuzu kuqhubeke, zonke izifundo zokudumisa uJehova ziye zenziwa ngaphandle konkamisa.
Ukukhanya okuphakade
Ifeza umsebenzi ofanayo nowe-menorah yokuqala enamagatsha ayisikhombisa noma i-hanukiah enamagatsha ayisishiyagalolunye, njengoba iyisibani esilula esithwala ukukhanya kuyo yonke indawo engcwele. Ikhona kuwo wonke amasinagoge angamaJuda njengesibonakaliso samandla ukuthi ikhandlela kufanele libonise konke okuzungezile, njengokugcwalisa wonke umuntu okhona ngamandla. Alinakushoda kunoma iliphi ithempeli elakhelwe ukuhlonipha izenzakalo zaseJerusalema.
EMkhosini Wokukhanya noma weHanukkah, uqukethe imfihlakalo efihliwe ngenxa yokuvukela kwamaMaccabees ukuze kubuyiselwe isihlalo sobukhosi sokuqala esamiswa eJerusalema. Ngokufinyelela lomgomo, bavuselele ukukhanya kwaphakade njengomthombo wokholo nethemba. Kwavela ezinye iziphazamiso ukuze isibani singahlali isikhathi esidingekayo, ngenxa yokwenqaba njalo ukunikeza amafutha ababegcina amakhandlela ekhanya isikhathi eside.
Kwadlula izinsuku eziyisishiyagalombili kwaze kwafika inani elisha lamafutha ukuze ukukhanya kwaphakade kuqhubeke kuvutha isikhashana eside. Isimangaliso sokuthola le nto ukuze kugcinwe ukukhanya kuyisenzo esikhulu sokholo, esenza wonke amaJuda agubhe lomkhosi ngokuhlanganisa i-hanukiah enamakhandlela ayisishiyagalolunye akhanya ngombala ogcwele.
Amakholomu kaBhowazi noJakini
Lezi ngqalasizinda ezimbili zinomlando omuhle njengoba ziyingxenye yamathempeli amakhulu akhiwa iNkosi uSolomoni. Ziyizakhiwo ezakhayo ezifakazela ubukhona beThempeli lokuqala eJerusalema, indawo ebiyelwe lapho kuhlala khona iMenorah eyinhloko, ebhekele ukukhanyisa ezingalweni zayo eziyisikhombisa. Abanawo ukuhlanganyela okuqondile ekusekelweni kwendawo, ngoba indima yabo iwukuhlobisa ngokuqinile.
Ikholomu ka-Jakin iqondiswe ukukhombisa uhlangothi olunobudoda kakhulu endaweni yonke njengamandla angenakuvinjwa, ukunyakaza okukhanyayo nokushesha. Ngaleso sikhathi, uBhowazi umelela okuphambene: izikhathi zobumnyama, iziqephu ezinkulu zobumnyama nezinto ezixhunyaniswe nokuba wedwa okuphelele. Lapho nje sihlanganisa womabili ama-elementi ndawonye, iveza ibhalansi ethakazelisa ngempela, lapho ibhalansisa izindawo ezimbili ukuze kwakhiwe indawo yonke.
amanani angokomfanekiso izinombolo
I-Gematria iyigatsha elivelele lokuqonda incazelo efihliwe noma ecacile izinombolo zamaJuda ezinayo. Igama ngalinye limelelwa inani elithile lezinombolo okufanele likhunjulwe. Sekushiwo lokho, inani ngalinye eduze nencazelo yalo yokuqala:
- Inombolo yesi-3: Lufanekisela uthando ngokuqondile, nakuba lukhumbula ukuvela kokuqala kwezinzalamizi ezintathu: u-Isaka, uJakobe no-Abrahama.
- Inombolo yesi-5: Ibhekisela ngokuqondile emibhalweni yesandla emihlanu equkethwe yiTorah, ngaphezu kokukhumbula indondo ye-Jamsa ebekwe ekungeneni kwezindlu. Wonke amaTabernakele akhiwe ngezinsika ezinhlanu.
- Umfanekiso 6: Yinkathi yokugqama ukubonakalisa izinsuku eziyisithupha zokuqala zokudala indawo yonke.
- Inombolo yesi-7: Lesi sibalo kwamanye amasiko sinenzuzo kulabo abakholelwa enhlanhleni, ngaphezu kokuvusa zonke izinsuku uNkulunkulu azithatha ukudala umhlaba wakhe. Ziyizingalo eziyisikhombisa zeMenorah, uthi lwekhandlela oludumile lwamaJuda.
- Inombolo yesi-8: Imelela usuku lapho uNkulunkulu ebuka yonke into edalwe ngosuku olude. Isikhathi soMkhosi weHanukkah ekhanyiswa wonke amakhandlela ayisishiyagalombili, imini nobusuku.
- Umfanekiso 9: Igama elifanayo lokukhulelwa nokuzala. Isikhathi sokukhulelwa komuntu omusha.
- Inombolo 10: Ibhekiselwa emithethweni eyi-10 esungulwe iBandla Elingcwele.
- Inombolo 12: Ingqikithi yezizwe zakwa-Israyeli ezinikele ngokuqukethwe okwanele emlandweni wendawo yonke.
- Umfanekiso 18: Uma ukholelwa enhlanhleni, khona-ke unelungelo eligcwele lokuthenga zonke izindondo eziqukethe i-Chai njengenombolo eyinhloko. Akuwona ngempela amaJuda akholelwa kule mali, kodwa ezinye izinkolo ezifana ne-Islam noma ubuKristu ezifuna ukuthola ama-vibes amahle.