Thola okuthakazelisayo kwesitayela se-Victorian

Inkathi yama-Victorian yayihlanganisa inkathi lapho abantu babehlale befuna isitayela sabo. Sikhuluma ngesikhathi lapho kwaqhubeka khona umuzwa wokudideka mayelana nobuhle, okwaholela ezindleleni zokuklama eziphikisana ngokuphelele. Isitayela sama-Victorian yisitayela esihlanganisa izakhiwo, imfashini, umhlobiso kanye nomklamo futhi sasisebenza ngesikhathi sokubusa kukaVictoria waseGreat Britain.

Lesi sitayela saqala njengesethi yesiphithiphithi kodwa kancane kancane sashiya uphawu lwaso ezingxenyeni ezahlukene zomhlaba njengeGreat Britain.. Kwasabalala kulo lonke izwekazi laseYurophu, kwadala inkambiso phakathi kwezindawo ezihlukene eyafinyelela kuzo. Uyafuna ukwazi okwengeziwe mayelana nokuthi lesi sitayela siqukethe ini? Yiziphi izici eziyinhloko zesitayela sama-Victorian? Hlala ubukele, ake siqale.

Kuvela nini ukuqala kwesitayela se-Victorian?

Lesi sitayela esikhuluma ngaso siyisitayela esihlanganisa imikhakha eyahlukene njengezokwakha, imfashini, imibhalo kanye nokuklama, phakathi kokunye. Inkathi yama-Victorian iphawula ukuqala kwayo phakathi nokubusa kweNdlovukazi yaseBrithani uVictoria. njengoba siye sabonisa ekuqaleni kwale ncwadi, kusukela ekupheleni kwekhulu le-XNUMX.

Ngalesi sikhathi sama-Victorian, I-United Kingdom ibe noshintsho olubalulekile yaba ngelinye lamandla amakhulu kwezomnotho ngenxa yeNguquko Yezimboni. Eminyakeni embalwa kamuva, yakwazi ukuba umbuso wembulunga yonke enamakoloni asakazeke ngezindlela ezihlukahlukene.

Yini ephawula inkathi yama-Victorian?

Isikhathi sama-Victorian sibonakala ngezikhathi ezibalulekile ezahlukene njengalezo esizozisho ngezansi.

Lesi sigaba sibonakala ngokubhekana nochungechunge lwezinguquko kokubili kwezomnotho nakwezepolitiki. Lezi zinguquko zaba nomthelela oqondile emphakathini wangaleso sikhathi. Lesi sikhathi esikhuluma ngaso sigxile kumasiko, izincwadi, ezobuciko, izakhiwo, njll.

Njengoba sishilo esingenisweni, inkathi yeVictorian yayiyisikhathi esididayo. Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi baxube ithemba ngentuthuko yezimboni, ukuthuthukiswa kwamadolobha, ukukhula komnotho kanye nokukhula kwe-United Kingdom, nomuzwa wokulangazelela ngezizathu ezinjengokuchithwa kwabantu emadolobheni amancane, ukulahlekelwa amasiko athile ngisho nokuthuthuka kwamasu amasha emvelweni.

Lokhu kungqubuzana esikhuluma ngakho, kubonakala emlandweni walesi sikhathi lapho kukhulunywa nge-double standard ye-Victorian. Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi kwakukhona izinkambiso ezithile ngaleso sikhathi ezazifuna ukucindezelwa kobulili, ukuphishekela ukuqina kanye nezindinganiso ezithile ezithi puritanical. Okwenzekile ukuthi umphakathi awuzange uhlanganyele le mibono futhi wasuka kuyo.

Emkhakheni wezepolitiki, kuvela umbono omusha wokuvumela imikhakha emisha ukuthi ibambe iqhaza, nakuba abesifazane ngalesi sikhathi bebesancishiwe. Qaphela ukuthi kwakungalesi sikhathi somlando lapho abesifazane baqala ukulwela amalungelo abo.

Umphakathi wama-Victorian wahlukaniswa phakathi kwamaqembu amathathu achazwe kahle.; the ubukhosi okwakuyilabo ababengabanikazi bomhlaba omningi. Ngaphezu kokuba nethonya elikhulu kanye nokumelwa emigwaqweni yezombangazwe yangaleso sikhathi. I onxiwankulu, eyakhiwe ngabatshalizimali kanye nabantu abacebile ngenxa yemboni. Futhi ekugcineni, ikilasi eliphansi eyakhiwe ngabasebenzi, abalimi kanye nabantu abenza umsebenzi wokusiza.

Sesiyazi imininingwane emincane mayelana nenkathi yama-Victorian, sesiyazi imvelaphi yayo kanye nezinye zezici zayo eziyinhloko. Kepha isikhathi sesifikile sokuthola ukuthi yini engemuva kwesitayela seVictorian, siyini, siqukethe ini, yiziphi izici zayo ezivelele, njll.

Siyini isitayela seVictorian?

Isikhathi sama-Victorian saphawulwa ukuthuthuka kwezimboni kulo lonke izwekazi laseYurophu. Phakathi nalesi sikhathi somlando, izitayela ezintsha zaqala ukubonakala emkhakheni wezokwakha. Kumakilasi aphakathi angaleso sikhathi, lesi sikhathi kwakuyisikhathi sokuchuma. Kwaphawulwa ukubonakala kwesitayela esisha sokuhlobisa esasiwuphawu lomcebo.

i-victorian architecture

Ngesitayela sezakhiwo zalesi sikhathi, indlovukazi yangalezo zikhathi, iNdlovukazi uVictoria, yayinethonya elikhulu. lokhu kwasabalala ngokushesha emhlabeni wonke. Lokhu kwenzeka ngenxa yamakoloni ahlukene iNgilandi eyayinawo ngaleso sikhathi.

Isitayela se-Victorian sezakhiwo sibonakala ikakhulukazi sebenzisa izakhi zesitayela seGothic nezinye izitayela zesiteji seRenaissance. Inhlanganisela yezitayela, okubangele uhlobo olusha lokuklama olungabonakala emakhaya angaleso sikhathi, kokubili ezakhiweni zomphakathi nezizimele.

Esinye sezici ezihlobene kakhulu nesitayela se-Victorian ukuhlobisa, ngoba kungatholakala kokubili kuma-facade wezakhiwo nangaphakathi.. Kokubili izitini kanye ne-ceramics ezinye zezinto eziyinhloko ezisetshenziselwa ukwakhiwa kwama-facade, kanye nokusetshenziswa kwemibala engaphezu kwemibili.

Uma sibheka esikhathini esizayo lapho sibona uchungechunge noma i-movie mayelana nezindlu eziphethwe ngabantu, sizobona ukuthi ezimweni eziningi lezi zakhiwo ziyi-Victorian ngesitayela. Sizokwazi ukuthi singayihlukanisa kanjani lezi zici esisanda kuzibalula, kodwa nangompheme onophahla ngaphandle, izicabha ezimbili noma imitapo yolwazi yayo emikhulu.

Umhlobiso wesitayela se-Victorian

Njengamanje, lolu hlobo lomhlobiso asivamile ukulubona kaningi njengoba lwalunjalo ngaleso sikhathi, njengoba kukhona abalubheka njengolweqile ezindlini zabo. Kodwa kulabo abanesithakazelo sokwazi ukuthi umhlobiso wesikhathi ngalesi sitayela wawuhlanganisani, sikunikeza umhlahlandlela wokukunikeza umbono. Isitayela abathandi isiko, umlando, izinto ezindala kanye ngokweqile.

Imibala eyayisetshenziselwa lesi sitayela yayingamathoni akhanyayo kodwa ngamathoni amnyama. Izinkuni zazisetshenziswa ekwakhiweni kwangaphakathi, kokubili ifenisha kanye nezinto zokuhlobisa. Imibala efana nobomvu, oluhlaza okotshani, osagolide noma onsundu yimibala yakudala ehambisana nalesi sitayela.

victorian textiles

Okuthile okuyisisekelo ngalesi sikhathi futhi esingenakuyeka ukukhuluma ngakho yizindwangu ezakha izindlu noma imihlobiso yalesi sigaba, into ebaluleke kakhulu kule nkathi yomlando. Imboni yezindwangu yathuthuka ngokushesha ngenxa yenhlangano yezimboni eyaqala eYurophu. LIzindwangu ezazisetshenziswa ezindwangu zesitayela se-Victorian ziyi-velvet, lapho amaphethini ezimbali ayevame ukuvela futhi angabonakala kuma-upholstery ahlukene noma amakhethini.

Futhi gqamisa inqubo yokufekethisa njengomsebenzi walesi sikhathi futhi ngenxa yalokho, izindwangu zazibaluleke kakhulu.. Amakamelo ahambisana nalolu hlobo lwendwangu bekungamapulangwe anefenisha enkulu neshayayo. Eziningi zazo zazenziwe ngezandla izingcweti zangaleso sikhathi. Kokubili izihlalo nezihlalo esingazibona enkathini yama-Victorian zinhle kakhulu, ngenxa yokusetshenziswa kwalezi zindawo zokuphahlazeka, kodwa zingaba nzima ngakho.

ukukhanya kwe-victorian

Esinye isici esibalulekile esingasiqokomisa ngaphakathi komhlobiso we-Victorian ukusetshenziswa kwezibuko njengento yokuhlobisa. Ayesetshenziswa njengomthombo wokukhanya, ngaphezu kokunikeza ama-amplitude ezindaweni lapho abekwe khona, imisebenzi efanayo naleyo yanamuhla.

Uma siya kolunye uhlobo lwezakhi zokukhanya, kufanele sikhulume ngama-chandeliers. Lezi zici zinikeze umuzwa wobukhazikhazi nobuhle obujwayelekile besitayela se-Victorian esisihlaziyayo.

Ihluzo ezidumile enkathini yama-Victorian

Isikhathi sama-Victorian singachazwa njengenkathi yokufuna njalo isitayela sayo. Kwakukhona ukudideka okuqhubekayo mayelana ne-aesthetics eyaholela ezinhlotsheni ezahlukene zokuklama ezazingekho ngisho. Ngalesi sigaba somlando, singagqamisa izibalo ezihlukene ezihlobene nomhlaba wezobuciko nokuklama.

Njengoba kungaba isibonelo, umakhi uPugin oqanjwe njengomqambi wokuqala we-XIX. Pugin, wanikwa umsebenzi wokuklama izici zokuhlobisa zephalamende laseBrithani. Futhi, isibalo somshicileli kanye nabezindaba uLouis Prang singagqanyiswa. Wayengumgqugquzeli wezobuciko futhi ehileleka nasekusetshenzisweni kwezithombe ezinyathelisiwe. Umklami u-Owen Jones naye ufanele ukuqashelwa. kusukela, unegunya emhlabeni wemibala futhi kubaluleke kakhulu ekuklanyweni.

Lezi ngezinye zezibalo ezibalulekile esingeke sehluleke ukuzigqamisa ekuthuthukisweni kwalesi sigaba sama-Victorian. Izithombe zangaleso sikhathi zaphinde zakhiqizwa ngenxa yenqubo ye-chromolithography. Uguquko, olwanikeza ithuba lokukwazi ukuphrinta izinkulungwane zamakhophi agcwele umbala.

Ihluzo esingazibona kusukela kulesi sikhathi, zaduma kakhulu ngenxa yokusetshenziswa kombala, ubujamo obaqambile, ukusetshenziswa kwama-typographies, izakhi zokuhlobisa, njll. Ukuvela okulandelayo kwezithombe kwaletha izinguquko ezinkulu kwezobuciko zalesi sikhathi.

Lawa amanye amaqiniso ngesitayela sama-Victorian esasithandwa kakhulu ngesikhathi sokubusa kweNdlovukazi uVictoria. Abanye babo, njengoba sesishilo, bahamba kude kakhulu bewela imingcele futhi bathola ukuduma kulezi zindawo ezintsha. Ngenxa yethonya layo elikhulu kanye nobubanzi, isitayela se-Victorian kukho kokubili izakhiwo kanye nomhlobiso kanye nomklamo singabonakala ezindaweni ezihlukahlukene zomhlaba, ikakhulukazi kumakoloni awo angaphambili. Sithemba ukuthi ufunde okuthile okusha futhi unentshisekelo yokwazi noma ngisho nokuvakashela ezinye zezindawo lapho ungathola khona lesi sitayela.