Idolobha laseTeotihuacán laliyikhaya lempucuko eyayinethonya kakhulu enkathini yangaphambi kweColumbian, namuhla liyindawo yomlando engashiyi imikhondo eminingi yokuthi abantu bakhona babenjani, thola nathi ukuthi Inhlangano Yezenhlalakahle yaseTeotihuacanos.
Ayengobani amaTeotihuacanos?
I-Teotihuacanos yayihlala endaweni ngaleso sikhathi eyayiyingxenye yedolobha laseTeotihuacán futhi okwamanje iyiSigodi saseMexico, esihambelana namasiko abaluleke kakhulu akhiwe e-Pre-Columbian America etholakala esifundeni esimaphakathi nezwe. Izwekazi laseMelika.
Nakuba ingeyona impucuko edume njengezinye zesizwe esisodwa, yayimele isici esibaluleke kakhulu ekwakhiweni kwamanye amasiko asanda kuzalwa endaweni efanayo yaseMesoamerica. Kodwa-ke, naphezu kokufinyelela kwayo okukhulu, iphinde ihambisane nenye yezindawo ezingaziwa kakhulu, njengoba izimpande zayo nokuhlakazeka kuseyimfihlakalo ephelele kochwepheshe namuhla.
Ukuthuthukiswa kwalesi siko elimangalisayo kwathatha iminyaka eminingi, kwaqala ngaphambi konyaka wama-300 a. C., nakuba ukuqeqeshwa kwakhe kungenzeka ukuthi waqala eminyakeni embalwa ngaphambili noma kamuva. Kusukela ngaleso sikhathi kuqhubeke, amaqembu aqala ukuhlukana, akha izindawo kanye nezijobelelo, okwathi kancane kancane kwabangela ukuchuma kwale mpucuko.
Ngonyaka wama-200 a. C. cishe, kwakungesikhathi isiko lama-Teotihuacanos lase lisezingeni eliphezulu, ekubeni inani labantu elaliyithonya elikhulu kubantu abaseduze ababesabalala kulo lonke elase-Central America. Ukuwa kwalempucuko nakho kwathatha isikhathi eside, okwakuphakathi kuka-650 no-850 AD. C. futhi namuhla, okuwukuphela kwento esele kulokho okwakuyisiko lezi izinsalela zedolobha layo elikhulu.
Le ndawo ebizwa ngokuthi i-World Heritage Site yi-UNESCO futhi esebenza njengendawo yomlando lapho ungenza khona ezokuvakasha, uthola ukuvakashelwa izakhamuzi zaseMexico nezakwamanye amazwe, nakuba izinsalela zayo nazo zigxile ezifundweni ezifuna ukuqonda Imvelo yomuntu exhumene nenkolo eyakhiwe isiko ngalinye ngokuzimela.
Ukwakheka Komphakathi kwe-Teotihuacanos
Kwakungososayensi abangochwepheshe emlandweni wabantu basendulo kanye nempucuko abathola ingxenye enkulu yomlando wamaTeotihuacanos, ngokusekelwe emiphumeleni embalwa eyashiywa izifiki zasendulo zesizwe, njengesakhiwo semibhoshongo, imisebenzi yezandla. , imibhalo nezinye izinto zalesi sibalo sabantu.
Kodwa-ke, kucatshangwa ukuthi lolu lwazi alulona iqiniso ngokuphelele, kusukela eminyakeni engu-600 ngemva kokuwa kwempucuko, kwakungama-Aztec ahlala endaweni futhi acacisa ulwazi oluningi olutholakala mayelana nesiko lasendulo.
Nakuba ulwazi olutholakele mayelana nalesi siko lukhulu, okungatholakala ukuthi inhlangano yezenhlalo yesiko laseTeotihuacan Yayibuswa ukuhleleka kwezikhundla futhi labo ababenezikhundla eziphezulu kwakungabantu abanamandla aphezulu ezenhlalo nezomnotho, ababeqondiswa izinkolelo zenkolo ezazibekwe esikweni laseMesoamerica ukuze baqondise izakhamuzi zabo.
Impucuko yaba nekhefu eliqinile lesigaba futhi inhlangano yezakhamuzi zayo yanikezwa amaqembu ahlukene amele isikhundla senhlalo yabantu abahlala kuyo. Lokhu kuhlukaniswa kufaka phakathi amakhaya nezindawo, kucatshangelwa ukuthi izakhiwo ezinkulu eziseduze nemibhoshongo emikhulu zingababusi nabapristi, ababengaphansi kwesigaba esiphezulu salesi sakhiwo somphakathi esihlelekile.
Inkolo kuNhlangano Yezenhlalakahle YaseTeotihuacanos
Kumele sikugcizelele ukubaluleka okwanikezwa yile mpucuko enkolweni, babezinikele kakhulu futhi bekhonza onkulunkulu abaningi, okusho ukuthi babekhonza onkulunkulu abahlukene, bethandaza njalo kulowo abamthandayo noma lowo owayebalungele kakhulu ngezikhathi zobunzima nezingxabano. . Onkulunkulu babo abakhulu kwakuyizinkanyezi zeNyanga neLanga, zakuqala kusukela banikela umbhoshongo kulowo nalowo, lapho amasiko ahlukene azibophezele ukukhombisa ukwethembeka.
Imibhoshongo yayihlelwe ngendlela efanele, ngendlela yokuthi indawo ekuyo ihambisane nokuma kwezinkanyezi futhi ibe nomthelela oqondile emikhubeni eyayenziwa lapho. Ngaphezu kwalokhu, izinsuku zazibaluleke kakhulu ekuxhumaneni nonkulunkulu babo, babengamakholwa ashiseka ngokweqile kangangokuthi babengashiyi lutho uma kukhulunywa ngezithixo.
Eziningi zalezi zici zingabuye zihlobane ngokuqondile nezinye izindawo zesayensi ezifana nesayensi yezinkanyezi, ezisebenzise ukuhlonza onkulunkulu bazo, ukuma kwezinkanyezi kanye nokuhleleka ezikugcina isikhathi nesikhathi nemizimba esemhlabeni, ngokusekelwe kulezi zifundo. bachaza ikhalenda labo elibonisa izinsuku inkanyezi eyaboniswa ngazo emhlabeni, kuleli khasi isayensi ye-Teotihuacanos.
Inhlangano Yezepolitiki yaseTeotihuacán
Ongoti bahlawumbisela ukuthi uhlaka lwepolitiki okwabuswa ngalo leli siko bekufanele luhlelwe kahle futhi luhleleke kahle ukuze kubuse impucuko ebanzi kangaka nenabantu abaningi isikhathi eside. Ithiyori eyinhloko yukuthi i-Teotihuacanos yayiqondiswa ababusi abaningana be-elite ababeyingxenye yesakhiwo esifanayo kanye nomzimba wezombangazwe umsebenzi wabo kwakuwukwenza izinqumo ezibaluleke kakhulu ekuthuthukiseni abantu.
Ngakolunye uhlangothi, umsebenzi ngamunye walaba babusi kwakuwukuphatha umkhakha othile wedolobha, nakuba omunye wabo unamandla amakhulu kunabanye futhi ngayinye yalezi zidalwa ibonisa ukubaluleka okukhulu kunezinye, ndawonye zakha. iphalamende elaliphethe enye yempucuko ebaluleke kakhulu yangaleso sikhathi futhi ikakhulukazi enakekela inhlangano yezenhlalo ye-Teotihuacanos.
Isici esibaluleke kakhulu ekuthuthukisweni kwalesi siko kwakuyibutho layo lezempi, okwathi nakuba lalingakaze laziwe ngokuba nolaka noma impi, inhlangano yalo yezempi yayinamandla kakhulu futhi iqine ngokwanele ukugcina lo mphakathi uphephile isikhathi eside kangaka.
Okungaziwa okusaqhubeka nanamuhla ukuthi umbuso ukwazile kanjani ukwenza abantu bezinhlanga nezinhlanga ezahlukene baqhubekisele phambili impucuko ndawonye isikhathi eside kangaka, kuyimpendulo efunwa kakhulu ngoba ingaba yisixazululo sokuhlukaniswa kwabantu okuphawulekayo , esimweni esibi kakhulu, leli khambi elingase libangele impikiswano phakathi kwamalungu omphakathi wanamuhla.
Ngokuqondene ne inhlangano yezomnotho Teotihuacán, lesi sakhiwo saba isibonelo okufanele sisilandele kweminye imiphakathi, njengoba sasiwuhlelo olwakhiwe kahle olwalusebenzisa zonke izindawo zezisebenzi ezazisetshenziswa izifiki. Ngenxa yalokhu, amazwe asemngceleni ajoyine lolu hlelo olwaqinisekisa okuhle kumuzi wesakhamuzi ngasinye nakuyo yonke imiphakathi yonkana.
Umsebenzi oyinhloko wabasebenzi we inhlangano yezenhlalo ye-Teotihuacanos okukhiqize inzuzo yesikhwama somphakathi kanye nakuzo zonke izakhamuzi zebhizinisi elikhulu kwaba ukutshala nokuvuna izinto ezikhiqiza impahla eluhlaza edingekayo ukuze kucaciswe ukudla okuhambisana nobhasikidi oyisisekelo wesakhamuzi ngasinye.
Ngesikhathi esifanayo lapho bechaza amasu ashintsha indlela yokuphatha umphakathi ngaleso sikhathi, njengokusungulwa kanye nemishini eyenza umsebenzi onzima, ngaphezu kwalokhu, babengomunye wemiphakathi yokuqala ukusebenzisa ukuhwebelana okwaziwayo, lapho. baxoxisana nabantu noma ababusi bamanye amasiko ukuze benze uhlobo oluthile lokuhlangana olusekelwe esivumelwaneni esivumelanayo futhi olwaluzozuzisa izinhlangothi zombili.