Izinganekwane zamaGreki zasishiyela izinganekwane eziningana ezihlaba umxhwele eziye zadluliselwa ezizukulwaneni ngezizukulwane. Eziningi zalezi zazisebenza ukuze zifundise izifundo ezibalulekile futhi zichaze izenzakalo zemvelo zangaleso sikhathi. Sikumema ukuthi ufunde lesi sihloko mayelana inganekwane encane, isilo esikhethekile esikhethekile sesiqhingi saseKrethe.
Ubani uMinotaur?
Ngaphambi kokuba sikhulume ngalo mlingiswa wasenganekwaneni, kumele sicacise kahle ukuthi ungubani emlandweni. I-Minotaur iyisilo esidalwe amaGreki futhi ingomunye wabalingiswa ababaluleke kakhulu ezinganekwaneni zabo. Igama lakhe lesiGreki ngu I-Μινώταυρος (Minotaurs) futhi incazelo yalo ithi Inkunzi kaMinos.
Lesi sidalwa asizalelwanga ndawo, empeleni yindodana kaPasiphae kanye neNkunzi yaseCretan. Ngenxa yesimo sakhe sobuxhwanguxhwangu nokubukeka kwakhe okunyantisayo, wayevaleleke e-labyrinth ngaphansi kwesiqhingi saseKrethe. Sekuyiminyaka eminingi, le labyrinth eklanywe nguDaedalus yayiyisijeziso sentsha eningi eyethula njengentela.
Kunemibono eminingi mayelana nokuthi kungani le nganekwane yadalwa, empeleni, ochwepheshe abaningana nabavubukuli baye bafuna i-labyrinth edumile, ngaphandle kwempumelelo. Ngaphakathi kwencazelo yenganekwane, kwathiwa intukuthelo yeMinotaur yabangela ukuba isiqhingi sithuthumele. Eminyakeni eminingi kamuva, ukuba khona kwamapuleti e-tectonic kwafakazelwa ngokwesayensi futhi ukunyakaza kwawo yikho okwadala ukundindizela.
Uma ufuna ukufunda izihloko eziningi ezinjengalezi, sincoma ukuthi ufunde ibhulogi yethu, empeleni, sikumema ukuthi ufunde Izinganekwane zaseChile zezingane esigabeni sezinganekwane nezinsumansumane.
Ukuqala kwenganekwane yeMinotaur
Enganekwaneni yeMinotaur kunezinguqulo eziningana ezichaza ukuzalwa kwalesi silo kanye nobudlelwane phakathi komfazi kaMinos, uPasífae kanye neNkunzi yaseCretan. Inguqulo ende yale nganekwane ichaza ukuthi uMinos wabuza kanjani uPoseidon amandla nokuthandwa ukuze abantu bamdumise njengeNkosi yaseKrethe, njengoba uyise u-Asterion wayesefile kakade.
U-Poseidon unquma ukumlalela futhi agcwalise isicelo sakhe, ukwenza lokhu, wenza inkunzi emhlophe ebabazekayo iphume olwandle futhi itshele uMinos ukuthi kufanele ayinikele egameni lakhe. UMinos uyavuma, nokho, ebona inkunzi, wamangazwa ubuhle bayo. Wafihla inkunzi enhle phakathi komhlambi wakhe futhi wahlabela unkulunkulu enye inkunzi, enethemba lokuthi unkulunkulu wayengeke akubone lokho ayekwenzile.
UPoseidon waqaphela ukukhohlisa kwakhe futhi wajezisa uMinos, ethonya imicabango yomkakhe, uPasiphae, ukuze athandane nenkunzi emhlophe uMinos ayenqume ukuyifihla. UPasifae wayazi ukuthi inkunzi yayingeke idle leyo nyunyana ekubeni ingumuntu. Ngakho, ngosizo lukaDaedalus, ingcweti yangaleso sikhathi, wadala inkomo ukuze bobabili bazale. Inkunzi, ecabanga ukuthi inkomo yayingokoqobo, yalala nayo, idala i-Minotaur kule nyunyana.
Ukwakhiwa kweLabyrinth
Ngekhanda lenkunzi kanye nomzimba womuntu, lesi sidalwa sasiyisilo kanye ne-bastard. Inkosi ngaleso sikhathi uMinos icela uDaedalus ukuthi akhe isakhiwo esimvumela ukuthi alawule iMinotaur. Lo mlingiswa wayenobudlova ngokwedlulele futhi edla inyama yomuntu, okwamenza waba yingozi kubantu. UDaedalus, azi ukuthi kwakudingeka afihle iMinotaur kuphela, kodwa futhi kwadingeka avikele idolobha laseKrethe, wakha i-labyrinth eyinkimbinkimbi ngaphansi kwesiqhingi lapho babengasishiya khona isilo.
Okuningi kweLabyrinth neMinotaur
Ngenkathi lesi sidalwa sishiywe lapho, enye yamadodana asemthethweni eNkosi uMino yabulawa e-Athene. U-Androgeno wayeseqedile umncintiswano wakhe wama-Olympic ngokuzibiza ngokuthi ungumpetha. Nokho, wabhekana nesiphetho esimnyama lapho ebulawa ngonya ngenxa yokuwina.
Inkosi yaseKrethe ibe isimemezela impi e-Athene, ihlasela indawo yayo futhi inqoba iMegara, i-Athene yayingenakho ukukhetha ngaphandle kokuzinikela futhi imemezele iKrethe umnqobi waleyo mpi. Ngenxa yalokho, uMinos wakhipha isimemezelo sokuthi kwakuyoba nezimo eziningana abantu base-Athene okwakumelwe bahlangabezane nazo. Eyokuqala futhi ebaluleke kakhulu kule ndaba yayiwukuthi abase-Athene kwakufanele banikeze iKrete intela yezinsizwa eziyishumi nane, amadoda ayisikhombisa nezintombi eziyisikhombisa, njengomhlatshelo kuMinotaur.
Lomhlatshelo wawuyokwenziwa njalo ngemva kweminyaka emithathu noma eyisishiyagalolunye, umlando awukucacisi kahle. Abakushoyo ukuthi umhlatshelo wenza isilo sazola futhi asizange sithukuthele futhi senze iKrethe ithuthumele. Izinsizwa ezazisebenza njengentela, kwadingeka zingene e-labyrinth futhi zibheke isilo. Ngaphakathi kwalesi simo kwakuneziphetho ezimbili kuphela ezingase zibe khona, kungakhathaliseki ukuthi zafa emhubheni ezingenakubalwa we-labyrinth noma i-Minotaur yawathola futhi yawadla, noma ukuphela kwakubuhlungu.
Uma ufuna ukufunda ezinye izinganekwane ezinjengalezi, sincoma ukuthi ufunde isigaba sethu sezinganekwane nezinganekwane, sikumema ngokukhethekile ukuthi ufunde Ihhashi Elingenakhanda
UTheus ufika eKrethe
Zonke izinganekwane nezinsumansumane zineqhawe, endabeni yenganekwane kaMinotaur, iqhawe nguTheseus, indodana ka-Aegeus. Ngobuqhawe bakhe obukhulu, unquma ukuqeda iMinotaur futhi akhulule izakhamuzi zase-Athene emhlatshelweni. Kunemibono emibili ekhuluma ngokufika kukaTheseus kanye nesingeniso sakhe ku-labyrinth.
Owokuqala uchaza ukuthi isifiso sikaTheseus sizalwa ngemva kokusiza uyise ekulweni namaPalantids. Yilapho ezwa khona ngomhlatshelo wokuthi abantu abasha bedolobha bahlupheka futhi banquma ukuba yivolontiya laleli qembu, ukungena e-labyrinth futhi babulale isilo.
Ithiyori yesibili ithi nguMinos ngokwakhe owakhetha abantu abasha abazonikelwa futhi phakathi kwalabo abakhetha u-Leseus, okuthi nakuba kubonakala sengathi kuyisinqumo esingahleliwe, empeleni ukucasula u-Aegeus.
Ngaphakathi kwenganekwane kuchazwa ukuthi kwase kungokwesithathu izinsizwa zomhlatshelo zibhekana nesilo, 14 abase-Athene, kuhlanganise nabancane abayisikhombisa nezintombi eziyisikhombisa. Lezi zinsizwa zaziswa kuMinos, okwavumela uTheseus ukuba ahlangane no-Ariadne, indodakazi yenkosi, futhi bathandana.
Owesifazane osemusha unquma ukusiza u-Leusus, naphezu kokwesaba kwakhe, umtshela ukuthi angakwazi ukwenza icebo ukuze anqobe isidalwa futhi aphume ku-labyrinth. U-Ariadne ufuna usizo lukaDaedalus, umdali we-labyrinth, ukuze ambonise indlela yokuphuma kuyo. Umdwebi udale okukhiphayo okukodwa futhi lokhu kusebenze kusukela ekuqaleni. Umgwaqo wawuyinkimbinkimbi kangangokuthi kwakungenakwenzeka ukulandelela izinyathelo zakhe uma zingamakwa.
U-Ariadne ube esenikeza uTheseus ibhola lentambo, alivule njengoba ehamba. Lapho esenqobe i-Minotaur, u-Theseus wayesekwazi ukubuyela ekungeneni futhi aphume ku-labyrinth.
Ukunqotshwa kweMinotaur
I-Theseus ihambisana nohlelo luka-Ariadne. Njengoba ehamba, uqaqa ibhola elibonisa indlela abehamba ngayo. Phakathi ne-labyrinth uhlangana ne-Minotaur futhi ngawo wonke amakhono akhe nesibindi, unquma ukubulala isilo nemihlatshelo.
Ukuze ubuye, landela indlela ayeyiphawule ngentambo futhi uphume ku-labyrinth embi. Okwenzeka ngokulandelayo kudida kakhulu, njengoba izindaba ezihlukahlukene zinemibono ehlukene mayelana nobuhlobo u-Ariadne noTheseus ababenabo. Ngakho-ke akwaziwa ngempela ukuthi kwenzekani ngemva kokushiya i-labyrinth kanye nempilo yakhe ngemva kweqiniso.
Ngakolunye uhlangothi, izindaba azicacisi ukuthi uMinotaur wafa kanjani, kucatshangwa ukuthi wayeyisidalwa esihogweni. Bambalwa abavumelana ngokuthi ukufa kwakhe kwenzeka kanjani, ezinye izindaba zilandisa ukuthi uTheseus wabulala iMinotaur ngokufaka uphondo lwakhe kuyo. Kwabanye bagcina bebambene uTheseus amqedele ngezibhakela. Nakuba kuyizinguqulo ezihlukahlukene, kukhulunywa ngenkemba okwakucatshangwa ukuthi iyisipho esivela ku-Ariadne. Iqiniso liwukuthi singase singazi kahle ukuthi inganekwane yokuqala yeMinotaur yaba khona kanjani.
Inganekwane neqiniso
Ochwepheshe abaningi baye bazama ukuthola i-labyrinth edumile ye-Minotaur, ngoba akwaziwa ngokuqiniseka, uma okungenani indawo eyodwa efana nale yayikhona ngempela. Phakathi neminyaka edlule, abavubukuli baye baphenya izindawo okungenzeka zabangela le nganekwane. Isisekelo salezi zindawo sisesigodlweni sase-Knossos, indawo egqamayo ngezakhiwo zayo eziyinkimbinkimbi nezinkulu.
Noma yisiphi isivakashi kule ndawo sizobona ukuthi sonke isakhiwo siyinkimbinkimbi kangakanani. Uma uthi nhlá, lesi sigodlo sibukeka njenge-labyrinth. Nakuba kungeyona indawo yangempela, njengoba kungenakwenzeka ukwazi ukuthi yayikhona yini indawo enjalo, lesi sigodlo saba ugqozi lokudalwa kwenganekwane noma kanjalo.
Amapuleti e-tectonic kanye ne-Minotaur
Kuze kube yiminyaka embalwa edlule, kwakungaziwa ngokuphelele ukuthi kungani isiko lamaMinoan, elalizulazula emhlabeni cishe ngo-1400 BC, futhi esikhundleni salo yiMycenaean, lase linyamalele. Intuthuko yesimanje kwezobuchwepheshe idalule ukuthi lesi senzakalo senzeka kanjani.
Inganekwane kaMinotaur iqinisekisa ukuthi lapho ethukuthele, wenza iKrethe yathuthumela. Nokho, namuhla, njengoba sazi ukuthi akunakwenzeka ukuba khona kweMinotaur, siyazibuza ukuthi iKrethe yayithambekele kangakanani ekundindizeleni nokuthi kwakuletha miphi imiphumela. Isiqhingi saseKrethe sasisephutheni elikhulu, okwathi futhi, lalikhona phezu kwe-Hellenic Trench, okuwukucindezeleka okukhulu okuvela e-Anatolian kuya epuleti le-tectonic lase-Afrika.
Lapho ifika endaweni eshisayo, ukuncishiswa kwenzeka okubangela ukuba ucwecwe lwesibili lucwile ngaphansi kwelokuqala, okuvumela ukunyakaza okungavamile komhlaba. Njengoba yayingekho indlela yokuchaza lesi senzakalo, izakhamuzi zaseKrethe zabeka icala lomcimbi lowo kwabakwaMinotaur ababengaphansi kwedolobha labo.
Manje, ngokumangalisayo, lokho kunyakaza okuqhubekayo yikho okwaqeda isiko lamaMinoan, njengoba ayechayeke ekunyakazeni nasekuqhumeni kwezintaba-mlilo ezintathu ezizungeze isiqhingi saseSantorini. Lokhu kwabangela elinye lamatsunami amakhulu kunawo wonke alotshwe emlandweni, isenzakalo esibhubhisayo esikwazile ukuqothula iziqhingi zaseKrethe. Uma nje umhlaba usekhona, umlando, isiko kanye nezimpilo zezigidi zabhujiswa ngobusuku obubodwa.
Ekugcineni, izakhamuzi zaseMycenae zasebenzisa leli thuba ukuze zihlasele lokho okuncane okwakusele eKrethe futhi zicekele phansi noma yimuphi umkhondo wesiko lamaMinoan ngokufaka esikhundleni salo iMycenaean.
Uma ufuna ukufunda izindatshana ezinjengalezi, sikumema ukuthi uhlole izigaba ezahlukahlukene esinazo kubhulogi yethu, ikakhulukazi, sincoma ukuthi ufunde. Inganekwane kaNarcissus esigabeni sezinganekwane nezinsumansumane.
Izincazelo zenganekwane
Akunakwenzeka ukuqoqa zonke izinkomba eziye zaba khona phakathi neminyaka yenganekwane ye-Minotaur. Nokho, okungenziwa wukubheka izincazelo eziphawuleka kakhulu zale ndaba. Ngokwesibonelo, UCarlo Lappucci, umbhali odumile waseNtaliyane, waphawula ubuhlobo phakathi kwenganekwane yeMinotaur kanye nenganekwane ethi Ubuhle Nesilo, okuyinganekwane yasendulo yaseFrance.
Ngakolunye uhlangothi, kuye kwachazwa ukuthi le nganekwane ikhuluma ngokuzithoba okwakukhona eGreece ngesikhathi seMinoan, noma ngabe ukunqotshwa kwayo akuzange kwenzeke njengenganekwane, kuyiqiniso ukuthi kwakukhona isimo esishubile phakathi kwezakhamuzi zase-Athene. nabaseKrethe . Umbhali Jorge Luis Borges, wachaza ukuzijabulisa okusankondlo esebenzisa inganekwane, indaba yakhe "Indlu ka-Asterion" Inokubhekisela enganekwaneni.
UJulio Cortazar, omunye umbhali owaziwa emhlabeni wonke, wabhala umdlalo, ongagcini nje ngokubhekisela enganekwaneni, kodwa wadala ngokuqondile inguqulo yawo entsha. Lo msebenzi unesihloko "Amakhosi", wadalula uMinotaur njengomuntu onomusa futhi uTheseus njengesikhohlakali sendaba.
Kuyathakazelisa ukuthi i-Minotaur isiphenduke isibalo sakudala ezinganekwaneni, ingumlingiswa ovezwe emidlalweni eminingi yevidiyo namamuvi. Izenzo zakhe ziyehluka, kwezinye izinguqulo ungumfana omuhle, kwezinye ungumuntu omubi. Ukubukeka kwakhe nomlando uyakwazi ukwenza umlingiswa ofanelekile walezethulo zezinganekwane.
Uma usithandile lesi sihloko, sikumema ukuthi uqhubeke uhlola izigaba ezihlukene ezitholakala kubhulogi yethu. Eqinisweni, sincoma ukuthi ufunde isihloko sethu sakamuva Ibhokisi likaPandora
Sinentshisekelo enkulu embonweni wakho, ngakho-ke sishiyele amazwana ukuze wazi ukuthi ucabangani ngalesi sihloko senganekwane ye-Minotaur.