Sivame ukukushaya indiva, mhlawumbe ngenxa yamahloni, njengoba sihlasela ngaso sonke isikhathi, naphezu kokukudinga kukho konke. Kodwa siyawazi amandla akhe, ngendlela yakhe yokufuna thina, ngakho sekuyisikhathi sokufunda mayelana izici zesimo sezulu nokunye okuningi ngaye.
Siyini isimo sezulu?
Sizoqala ngokukhumbula ukuthi isimo sezulu yigama elijwayelekile kuwo wonke umuntu. Ekuseni ngovivi ebhasini abanye abagibeli bekhala ngamakhaza sikhuluma nangesimo sezulu.
Kodwa futhi sikwenza lapho sizwa ezindabeni ukuthi igagasi lokushisa liyeza, noma mhlawumbe isiphepho esisendleleni futhi kumenyezelwe isexwayiso.
Esitolo siphinde sisebenzise igama elithi: isimo sezulu, uma sibona ukuthi izindleko zemikhiqizo yezolimo zenyuka kakhulu, bathi ngoba ihlobo elinamandla lalimaza izitshalo.
Yebo, kuhlezi kusezingqondweni nasemilonyeni yethu, sikuzwa esikhumbeni nasezikhukhwini zethu, kodwa yini ngempela esiyaziyo ngesimo sezulu, ngale kwesibikezelo sezulu sanamuhla?
Ngakho manje yisikhathi sokufunda okwengeziwe ngalesi sihloko esibalulekile. Ake siqale ngokwazi ¿sinjani isimo sezulu?
Ngakho-ke ake siqale ngokucacisa ukuthi isimo sezulu siyinhlanganisela yezingxenye ezivamile zesifunda. Lezi zingxenye imvula, umswakama, izinga lokushisa, ingcindezi nomoya.
Iqiniso liwukuthi isifunda ngasinye sinobubanzi baso maqondana nezingxenye ezinjalo. Kodwa uma okunye kwalokhu, noma okubili, kungaqondana ezindaweni ezimbili ezihlukene, okungenzeka kakhulu ukuthi zonke ezinye zihluke ngokuphelele.
Izinkomba ezifanele isimo sezulu sendawo zitholwa ngedatha isimo sezulu Iminyaka engama-30 ngaphambili nangaphezulu.
Kodwa-ke, kokubili emgqeni ocatshangelwayo wenkabazwe kanye nasezindaweni ezibucayi, izifundo zalolu hlobo zingenziwa ngezikhathi ezimfushane kunaleyo minyaka engamashumi amathathu, njengoba ziyizifunda ezizinzile kakhulu kuneplanethi yonke, ikakhulukazi emhlabeni. izindawo ze-intertropical.
Izinto ezinquma isikhathi
Kukhona nezinye izici ukuthi ngenkathi usivumela kangcono incazelo yesimo sezulu, ingaphinde iyithinte. Lezi izi:
- Izinkathi Zonyaka
- Ukuphakama
- Ububanzi
- Nciphisa
- I-Continentality (ibanga ukuya olwandle)
- Imisinga ye-Ocean
Izinhlobo zesimo sezulu nezindawo
Izimo zezulu ezibaluleke kakhulu, eziqanjwe ngokujwayelekile, zintathu: ezishisayo, ezibandayo nezipholile.
Ngale ndlela elula sivame ukuchaza i- izinhlobo zezulu. Kodwa zisadinga ukuhlotshaniswa nezindawo ezahlukene zeplanethi. Ake sibone ukuthi kwenzeka kanjani lokho.
Sikhuluma ngezifunda ezibonakala ngokubanda okukhulu, ngakho-ke amazwe asenyakatho kakhulu, njengeCanada neRussia, atholakala kuwo. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, iNingizimu, iChile ne-Argentina igqamile.
Kodwa ezifundeni ezipholile ungabona amazwe afana ne-US, Paraguay, Colombia noma Australia, kanye nengxenye enhle ye-Europe ne-Asia.
Ezindaweni ezifudumele, amazwe aseduze nomphetho ocatshangelwayo wenkabazwe agqama, njenge-Ecuador ngokwayo nasenyakatho yeBrazil, eNingizimu Melika, noma i-African Congo ne-Indonesia, e-Asia.
Nokho, singakwazi ukuhlukanisa izimo zezulu ngendlela eqondile. Lokhu kuzoncika ezindaweni ezikuzo emhlabeni kanye nezakhi ezinqumayo.
Mhlawumbe ukuhlukaniswa kwezigaba owaziwa kakhulu futhi osetshenziswa kakhulu namuhla yileso esithathwe Ohlelweni Lokuhlukaniswa Kwesimo Sezulu lase-Köppen, okusungulwe isazi sesimo sezulu saseRussia u-Wladimir Köppen.
Kulesi sigayo, amamodeli wesimo sezulu ahlukene anikezwa ngamaqembu amancane. Ngale ndlela yokuthi ngokwalesi simiso, izimo zezulu ezihlukene zomhlaba zihlukaniswa ngale ndlela elandelayo:
Iqembu A: Isimo Sezulu Esifudumele noma Esishisayo
Izimo zezulu zezindawo ezishisa kakhulu emhlabeni zitholakala kuleli qembu. Lesi sigaba sihlanganisa izifunda ezihlukaniswa ngokuba nezinga lokushisa elimaphakathi elingaphezu kuka-18°C/ngenyanga. Lapha sithola kokubili amahlathi namahlathi ashisayo.
Amaqembu amancane akha leli qembu lokuqala ahlukaniswa ngomthamo wemvula ezindaweni ezishiwo, lapho kusetshenziswa khona osonhlamvukazi abancane.
Ngendlela yokuthi izifunda ezinemvula engapheli unyaka wonke zichazwa ngohlamvu "f". Nakuba lezo ezinemvula engapheli, ngaphandle kwezinyanga ezithile zasehlobo kanti ezinye ezinemvula enkulu, zibonakala ngohlamvu elithi "m".
Ezindaweni ezineziqephu zesomiso ngesikhathi semvula, kusetshenziswa uhlamvu "w". Ngenkathi izindawo lapho inkathi yokuntuleka kwemvula itholakala kuphela ehlobo, futhi ukuhlukaniswa kwabo kumakwe ngo-"s".
Isimo sezulu sase-Equatorial noma esiswakeme (af)
Izifunda ezakha leli qembu elincane yilezo eziseduze kakhulu nomphetho ocatshangelwayo wenkabazwe.
Ngokuyisisekelo sikhuluma ngomfula wase-Amazon onezindawo ezithile zaseBrazil, kanye nezinye izifunda zase-Central America, Equatorial Africa nezinye izindawo eziseNingizimu-mpumalanga ye-Asia.
Lezi zindawo ezinkulu zihlukaniswa ngokuba nezinhlobonhlobo zezitshalo eziluhlaza. Lona kanye umphumela womthamo wemvula, ogcina lezi zifunda zinamazinga aphezulu kakhulu Umswakama.
Ngendlela yokuthi izitshalo kulezi zinsimu zihlukahlukene kakhulu, njengoba singathola izihlahla ezinkulu ezingaphezu kwamamitha angu-30 ukuphakama, kanye nezihlahla namakhulu ezimbali ezihlukahlukene.
Ngenkathi impilo yezilwane ekhona eqenjini elincane ihluke kakhulu ngokulinganayo, kokubili ezinhlobonhlobo ezinkulu kanye nezinambuzane ezincane.
Indawo eshisayo enesimo sezulu esishisayo (A.M)
Phakathi kwezinto ezisambulelwa yilesi siqeshana, kubalulekile ukuphawula ukuthi imvula ayitholakali ezinyangeni ezithile zonyaka, kanti kwezinye umthamo wamanzi adlulayo uba muningi kakhulu.
Imvamisa ukuthi cishe unyaka wonke lezi zifunda zihlomula ngezihlambi ezishisayo, ngaphandle kwalezo ezihlukile ezishiwo ukuthi umehluko wesigaba sangaphambilini.
Lina kakhulu kangangokuthi uma uqala ukubona ezinye Amafu, kanye nabendawo bayazi ukuthi kufanele indawo yokukhosela esiphephweni.
Lokhu kuhlukahluka kwesimo sezulu kuvamile ezindaweni ezithile zaseNingizimu neMelika Ephakathi, nakuba kuyafana futhi engxenyeni eseningizimu yeFlorida, e-USA; ezwenikazi lase-Afrika, e-India nakwezinye izindawo zaseNingizimu-mpumalanga ye-Asia.
Isimo sezulu sase-Tropical savannah (awu futhi ace)
Kuleli qembu elincane, enye yalezo ezisetshenziselwa ukucacisa izici zesimo sezulu futhi ngaleyo ndlela ikwazi ukuhlukanisa, izimo zezulu ezishisayo zingatholakala ezinenkathi yonyaka ngaphandle kwemvula izinyanga ezimbalwa.
Kodwa kunalokho izinyanga zemvula zivame ukushuba ngokwedlulele.
Kulezi zimo, ngokumangalisayo, inkathi eyomile ingenzeka ngokunganaki ebusika nasehlobo. Ngakho-ke amagama okuqala athi "Aw", athola inkathi eyomile ebusika. Ngenkathi amagama okuqala athi "Ace" emlungisa ehlobo.
Izifunda ezihlukaniswa njenge-Aw ngokuyisisekelo zitholakala ezindaweni ezithile zezwekazi laseMelika. Ziyatholakala futhi ezindaweni ezithile ze-African Savannah, izingxenye ezisenyakatho ye-Australia, i-Indian subcontinent, naseNingizimu-mpumalanga ye-Asia.
Nakuba izici zesimo sezulu ezichazwe ukuhlukaniswa ngezigaba, singazibona ngokugcizelela okukhethekile kwezinye izindawo eMelika Ephakathi neziqhingi zayo ezingomakhelwane zase-Antille, kanye nasengxenyeni esenyakatho ye-Australia.
Iqembu B: Isimo sezulu esomile esomile futhi esomile
Manje sizobona izici zesimo sezulu ezikhomba leli qembu elisha. Ezindaweni ezisingethe, imvula eyisilinganiso esiphansi kakhulu irekhodwa.
Kulokhu, ama-sub-groups ahlukaniswa ngohlamvu lwesibili olukhulu, olubonisa ukoma kwezindawo okukhulunywa ngazo. Kodwa ngaphezu kwalokho, kulesi sigaba kusetshenziswa incwadi yesithathu, okuyizinhlamvu ezincane. Lokhu kubhekisela emazingeni okushisa esifunda ngasinye.
Kodwa ake sibone ukuthi kwenziwa kanjani:
Uma isimo sezulu sisomile, kusetshenziswa uhlamvu "S". Lokhu kufana nje nesimo sezulu sasemaqeleni.
Ngenkathi u-"W" wokuqala esetshenziselwa ukukhombisa isimo esomile, esingaqhathaniswa nogwadule.
Manje, incwadi yesithathu neyokugcina eqeda ukulungisa izici zesimo sezulu kuleli qembu elincane, isetshenziselwa ukukhombisa amazinga okushisa alezi zifunda.
Ngendlela yokuthi ezindaweni ezinezinga lokushisa elijwayelekile elilingana noma elingaphezu kuka-18°C/ngonyaka, zihlukaniswa ngo-“h” wokuqala.
Esimeni lapho amazinga okushisa engaphansi kuka-18°C, lezi zifunda zibonakala ngohlamvu “k”.
Isimo sezulu esomile (BS)
Isimo sezulu esiwugwadule yisona esinemvula elinganiselwa ku-500 mm ngonyaka.
Lolu hlobo lwesimo sezulu lungabonwa ezindaweni ezithile zezwe kuwo wonke amazwekazi, ngaphandle kwase-Antarctic.
Kulezi zimo zemvula encane, izimila nazo ziyindlala; ephansi kunezifundeni ezipholile nezishisayo. Kodwa izimila eziluhlaza ngokuvamile ziyindlala.
Ziyizici zesimo sezulu esivamile sama-steppes kanye nezindawo eziwugwadule.
Manje, uma endaweni enesimo sezulu esomile kancane izinga lokushisa elimaphakathi/unyaka lilingana noma lidlula i-18°C, bese lihlukaniswa ngokuthi «BSh-Warm Semi-arid».
Kodwa uma izinga lokushisa elijwayelekile/ngonyaka lingaphansi kuka-18°C, lihlukaniswa ngokuthi “BSk-Cold Semi-arid”.
Isimo sezulu esomile (BW)
Izifunda lapho umthamo wemvula ngonyaka ungaba ngu-300 mm zihlukaniswa njengezinesimo sezulu esomile.
Zibonakala ngokuncane kakhulu Flora, lapho cishe kungabikho amathoni aluhlaza angabonwa. Nakuba akufanele kusimangaze ukungazitholi izimila.
Izingwadule nezindawo ezithile eziwugwadule zomhlaba zitholakala kulesi sigaba.
Kulezo zimo zezulu ezinezinga lokushisa elijwayelekile lonyaka elilingana noma elingaphezu kuka-18°C, ukuhlukaniswa kwenziwa ngelebula elithi “BWh-Arid Warm”.
Ngenkathi ezindaweni zejografi ezinesilinganiso/ngonyaka we-thermometer, ephansi kuneyangaphambili, zizohlukaniswa ngokuthi «BWk-Arid Cold».
Iqembu C: Isimo Sezulu Esipholile
Phakathi kwezici zesimo sezulu esishisayo ezisetshenziselwa ukusungula leli qembu, izinga lokushisa livelele.
Kulokhu, izinga lokushisa lenyanga ebanda kakhulu onyakeni kufanele libe ngaphansi kuka-18°C, nakuba lingaphezu kuka-3°C. Ngenkathi izinga lokushisa elijwayelekile lenyanga eshisa kakhulu kufanele lidlule ku-10°C.
Ukuze uhlukanise isimo sezulu esishisayo, isiqalo sesibili emaqenjini amancane sinohlamvu oluncane, olubalela ukuvama kwemvula.
Ake sibone imininingwane.
Uma iqeqebana lichazwe ngo “f” wokuqala, lokhu kusho ukuthi izimvula azishintshi unyaka wonke. Ngakho-ke kufanele siqonde ukuthi asikho inkathi ethile yokomisa.
Kodwa uma iqembu elincane libonisa u-"w", kungase kuthiwe isizini enezinga eliphansi lemvula ubusika. Ngakho kuhambisana nesikhathi esibanda kakhulu sendawo. Nokho, le sizini akudingekile ukuba ibe yimvula kakhulu.
Kodwa uma umbuzo ungenye indlela, okungukuthi, uma iqembu elincane lihlonzwa ngohlamvu elithi «s», lokhu kubonisa ukuthi inkathi enemvula encane ihlobo, okubuye kube inkathi eshisa kakhulu esifundeni esibonisiwe.
Nakuba lokhu akusho ukuthi izimvula kufanele zibe kakhulu ngesikhathi sasebusika.
nofeleba abancane
Kulesi sigaba, i-initial yesithathu, nayo ebhalwe ngofeleba abancane, ikhombisa amazinga okushisa alezi zifunda. Ake sibone ukuthi kanjani:
Uma izinga lokushisa elijwayelekile enyangeni eshisa kakhulu ehlobo lingaphezu kuka-22°C, libhekwa njengendawo engaphansi kwe-subtropical futhi libonakala ngofeleba oluncane lwasekuqaleni elithi “a”, njengoba besilindele.
Manje, uma inyanga eshisa kakhulu yasehlobo ingeqi ku-22°C/isilinganiso kanye nezinga lokushisa eliphakathi okungenani lezinyanga ezi-4 zonyaka lingaphezu kuka-10°C, siphambi kwesifunda esinesimo sezulu esipholile. Ukuhlukaniswa kwayo kumakwe ngofeleba abancane 'b'.
Kodwa uma indawo inesimo sezulu se-sub-polar noma i-sub-alpine, izinga lokushisa elijwayelekile lenyanga eshisa kakhulu onyakeni lingaphansi kuka-22°C. Kodwa uma, ngaphezu kwalokho, izinga lokushisa eliphakathi okungenani lezinyanga ezine zonyaka lingaphansi kuka-10 ° C, khona-ke isimo sezulu sihlukaniswa nesiqalo "c".
Isimo Sezulu Esishisayo Esishisayo (cf)
Lapha kufakwe izifunda lapho umthelela wezindawo ezisolwandle wenza isimo sezulu sibe nezinga lokushisa. Lesi simo esifanayo sivuna ukuthi izimvula zisatshalaliswe unyaka wonke. Ngendlela yokuthi asikho isikhathi esihle sasehlobon ihlukaniselwe.
Olunye uphawu lwesimo sezulu okukhulunywa ngaso ukuthi imvula ayibi ngaphezu kuka-2000 mm/ngonyaka.
Kuyiqembu lesimo sezulu elihlukaniswe izigaba ezintathu. Asibone.
- Isimo sezulu esishisayo se-Cfa
Kulokho okwaziwa nangokuthi yi-Pampean Climate, izinga lokushisa elivamile lenyanga eshisa kakhulu lidlula u-22°C.
Izifunda ezithile ezisempumalanga ye-United States, eningizimu yeBrazil naseParaguay zitholakala lapha, kanye ne-Uruguay, enkabeni ye-Argentina, ingxenye yaseNingizimu Afrika, eJapane, e-Australia nakwezinye izindawo ezwenikazi elidala.
- Isimo sezulu se-CFB-Oceanic
Ezindaweni ezinalolu hlobo lwesimo sezulu, izinga lokushisa elijwayelekile lenyanga eshisa kakhulu alidluli ku-22°C. Nokho, zingaphezu kwesilinganiso esingu-10°C okungenani ezinyangeni ezine zonyaka.
Lokhu kubizwa ngokuthi isimo sezulu sase-oceanic noma sase-Atlantic. Ingabonakala enyakatho yengxenye esentshonalanga yezwekazi elidala, kanye nasesifundeni sase-Iberia. Ngaphezu kweningizimu yeChile, izindawo zaseNew Zealand, eTasmania nakwezinye izindawo zaseNingizimu Melika.
Cfc-Oceanic subpolar sezulu
Kule ndawo isimo sezulu siyabanda. Izinga lokushisa layo elijwayelekile lidlula kuphela ku-10°C ngaphansi kwezinyanga ezine zonyaka.
Lezi yizimo zezulu ezibanda kakhulu ezisolwandle, eduze neqhwa. Ngenxa yalesi sizathu, amazinga okushisa avamise ukweqa -3°C, kuyilapho imvula ihlala njalo futhi inamandla.
Lolu hlobo lwesimo sezulu nalo luthintwa ukuphakama kwezindawo zezwe.
Kuyisimo sezulu esingatholakala ezindaweni ezifana neningizimu ye-Argentina neChile, noma eScotland nakwezinye izingxenye ze-United Kingdom, kanye nezinye izindawo zaseTasmania, eNorway naseziqhingini zase-Atlantic, ikakhulukazi i-Iceland kanye ne-Faroe Islands.
Isimo Sezulu Esimaphakathi Nobusika Obomile (ww)
Izifunda lapho lesi simo sezulu senzeka khona ngokuvamile zitholakala phakathi kwezindawo ezibeka amazinga okushisa asezindaweni ezishisayo kanye ne-subtropical, nawo abe nokuphakama.
Kulezi zindawo, ebusika izimvula ziba phansi ngokusobala uma ziqhathaniswa nezinye izinkathi zonyaka. Kodwa lokhu akusho ukuthi igagasi lokushisa liyana, njengoba lingawi ngaphezu kuka-2000 mm/ngonyaka.
Leli qembu liphinde lehlukaniswe izigaba ezintathu. Ake sibone ukuthi yiziphi.
- Cwa-Subtropical sezulu nobusika owomile
Kuleli qembu elincane, izinga lokushisa elijwayelekile lenyanga eshisa kakhulu lingaphezu kuka-22°C, kuyilapho isikhathi sasebusika ngokuvamile sinezimvula eziphansi kakhulu.
Kulezi zimo singathola ukuguquka kwesimo sezulu kubheke endaweni eshisayo. Ngenxa yalesi sizathu, ngezinye izikhathi izimvula zasehlobo zivame ukuba namandla futhi zibe ziningi.
Kuyisimo sezulu esijwayelekile, ikakhulukazi kwezinye izindawo ezimaphakathi nezwe zaseShayina, eParaguay, e-Argentina naseNingizimu Afrika.
- Cwb-Izimo sezulu ezishisayo entabeni nobusika owomile
Lapha izinga lokushisa elivamile lenyanga eshisa kakhulu alidluli ku-22°C, kodwa lidlula izinga lokushisa eliphakathi kuka-10°C okungenani phakathi nezinyanga ezine zonyaka.
Isimo sezulu esivamile ngokuyisisekelo emadolobheni asendaweni ephakeme ezindaweni ezipholile, njengoba kwenzeka engxenyeni ye-Andes, enyakatho yeNingizimu Melika, eMelika Ephakathi kanye nasemadolobheni athile ase-Afrika.
Isimo sezulu sase-Cwc-Subalpine esinobusika obomile
Kulesi simo sezulu, amazinga okushisa angaphezu kuka-10°C abhalwa ngaphansi kwezinyanga ezine zonyaka. Kuyinto evamile ezifundeni eziphakeme kakhulu, ngakho ayivamile.
Kwenzeka ikakhulukazi emadolobheni athile aseBolivia, ePeru nase-Ecuador.
Isimo sezulu saseMedithera (cs)
Kule mikhakha yesimo sezulu, izimvula ziyancipha ngokuphawulekayo ehlobo kunakwezinye izinkathi zonyaka. Kodwa lokhu akusho ukuthi iningi lezimvula ngokuvamile livela ebusika.
Njengasemaqenjini amabili adlule, leli nalo lihlukaniswe kathathu, ngokwamazinga okushisa.
Csa-Ejwayelekile Mediterranean sezulu
Ngenyanga eshisa kakhulu onyakeni, izinga lokushisa elijwayelekile lingaphezu kuka-22°C. Kuyisimo sezulu esibonakala ngamazinga okushisa afudumele nezimvula zonyaka.
Iqondile ikakhulukazi endaweni yaseMedithera, kodwa ingatholakala nakwezinye izindawo zaseChile, eningizimu ye-US, eYurophu nase-Australia.
Csb-Medithera sezulu oceanic
Izifunda zejografi ezinalokhu kuhlukaniswa azidluli ku-22°C ngokwesilinganiso enyangeni eshisa kakhulu onyakeni, kodwa isilinganiso sazo siwela ngaphansi kuka-10°C okungenani ezinyangeni ezine zonyaka.
Lesi simo sezulu sibonakala kwezinye izindawo ezimaphakathi neChile, kanye naseningizimu-ntshonalanga ye-Argentina kanye nogu olusentshonalanga ye-US. Singabonakala naseningizimu-mpumalanga yeCanada, izingxenye ezithile zePortugal naseNingizimu Afrika.
Csc-Mediterranean subalpine sezulu nehlobo elomile
Isimo sezulu esingajwayelekile. Kunqunywa kakhulu ukuphakama.
Izinga lokushisa elijwayelekile kulolu hlobo lwesimo sezulu lidlula i-10°C ngaphansi kwezinyanga ezine zonyaka.
Iqembu D: Isimo Sezulu Sezwekazi
Lokhu kuhlukaniswa kwesimo sezulu kubonakala ngobusika obubanda kakhulu. Izinga lokushisa elijwayelekile lenyanga eshisa kakhulu ngaphezu kuka-10°C liyagqama. Ngenkathi izinga lokushisa elijwayelekile lenyanga ebanda kakhulu onyakeni lingaphansi kuka -3°C.
Kulesi sigaba, ukuhlukaniswa kwezigaba kukhonjwa ngohlamvu lwesibili olubhalwe ngofeleba abancane. Lokhu kubhekisela ohlelweni lwemvula. Kodwa ake sibone ukuthi kwenziwa kanjani:
Kulokhu, lapho izimvula zenzeka njalo unyaka wonke, ngaphandle kwenkathi yesomiso, kubonakala ngohlamvu "f".
Kodwa lapho umjikelezo wemvula uhambisana nomjikelezo wasebusika, ubonakala ngohlamvu oluthi “w”.
Manje, uma into iwukuthi umjikelezo wemvula kwenzeka ehlobo, ubhalwe ngohlamvu "s".
Kulesi sigaba, eyokuqala yesithathu ngokulinganayo nayo idwetshwa ngofeleba abancane futhi ibhekisela ekuziphatheni kwamazinga okushisa.
Ngale njongo, kukhonjwa ngohlamvu "a" uma ihlobo lishisa kakhulu. Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi ngokwesilinganiso u-22°C weqiwa enyangeni eshisa kakhulu onyakeni. Lapha isilinganiso samamaki se-thermostat sidlula u-10°C izinyanga ezine noma ngaphezulu zonyaka.
Manje kufanele sikhumbule ukuthi uma uhlamvu "b" lufakwe ilebula, kungenxa yokuthi ihlobo linomusa, njengoba lingafinyeleli isilinganiso esingu-22 ° C phakathi nenyanga eshisa kakhulu. Kodwa ngokwesilinganiso u-10°C weqiwa okungenani ezinyangeni ezi-4 zonyaka.
kubanda kakhulu
Ngenkathi incwadi ethi "c" ikhomba izifunda lapho ihlobo lingafinyeleli ku-22 ° C ngokwesilinganiso, ngenyanga eshisa kakhulu.
Kodwa futhi ukuthi isilinganiso sika-10°C asidluli ezinyangeni ezi-4 zonyaka nokuthi izinga lokushisa phakathi nenyanga ebanda kakhulu lonyaka alibhalisi izinga lokushisa elingaphezu kuka-38°C.
Lapho uhlamvu "d" lusetshenziswa ekuhlukaniseni, kungenxa yokuthi izinga lokushisa alifinyeleli isilinganiso esingu-22°C phakathi nenyanga eshisa kakhulu. Kodwa ngokulinganayo, izinga lokushisa eliphakathi kuka-10°C lenzeka ngaphansi kwezinyanga ezine zonyaka.
Esinye isimo salokhu kuhlukaniswa ukuthi izinga lokushisa elijwayelekile lenyanga ebanda kakhulu alidluli -38°C.
Isimo sezulu sezwekazi nemvula engapheli (df)
Kulesi sigaba sesimo sezulu sezwekazi, izimvula zisakazwa unyaka wonke. Ngakho asikho isizini esomile.
Kodwa manje ake sibone ukuhlukaniswa okuncane:
- Isimo sezulu sezwekazi i-Dfa-Temperate
Kulesi sihlukaniso, imaki elimaphakathi le-thermostat enyangeni eshisa kakhulu lidlula u-22°C. Isimo sezulu esivamile kwezinye izifunda zaseRussia nase-Ukraine, nakuba singasithola nasezifundeni zaseCanada nase-USA.
- Isimo sezulu se-Dfb-Hemiboreal ngaphandle kwenkathi eyomile
Siqala ngokuchaza ukuthi leli gama i-hemiboreal ichaza into ewela phakathi kwezindawo ezipholile nezingaphansi kwe-subarctic.
Kulolu hlobo lwesimo sezulu, izinga lokushisa alithinti isilinganiso esingu-22°C enyangeni eshisa kakhulu, nakuba ngokwesilinganiso lidlula ku-10°C okungenani ezinyangeni ezi-4 zonyaka.
Lesi simo sezulu singatholakala ikakhulukazi esifundeni esisenyakatho yezwekazi elidala kanye naseCanada nase-USA.
- Isimo sezulu se-Dfc-Subpolar ngaphandle kwenkathi eyomile
Lapha izinga lokushisa eliphakathi kuka-10°C lenzeka ngaphansi kwezinyanga ezintathu ngonyaka. Ngenkathi inyanga ebanda kakhulu itholakala ebangeni lika -38 ° C.
Kuyisimo sezulu esiyisici sezindawo ezifana neSiberia, iScandinavia ne-Alaska. Nakuba iphinde iqoshwe ezindaweni eziphakeme, njengasezintabeni zaseHimalaya.
- Isimo sezulu se-Dfd-Extreme ngaphandle kwenkathi eyomile
Kulesi sigaba esingaphansi, izinga lokushisa elijwayelekile lika-10°C lirekhodwa ngaphansi kwezinyanga ezintathu ngonyaka. Kodwa uma kufika enyangeni ebanda kakhulu, ingadlula -38°C.
Isimo sezulu esinjalo singatholakala enyakatho ye-Alaska nasendaweni engumakhelwane esenyakatho yeSiberia.
Isimo sezulu sezwekazi nobusika obomile (dw)
Lapha kukhona ukwehla okuphawulekayo komthamo wamanzi awela ngesikhathi sasebusika. Ingenzeka ikakhulukazi kwezinye izifunda zaseRussia, Korea, China, Mongolia, nasezindaweni ezithile zase-US naseCanada.
- Isimo sezulu sezwekazi i-Dwa-Temperate
Lapha isilinganiso se-mercury enyangeni eshisa kakhulu sidlula u-22°C. Lesi sici singatholakala ikakhulukazi ezindaweni ezithile e-China naseNyakatho Korea.
- Dwb-Hemiboreal Climate
Kulokhu, izinga lokushisa elijwayelekile lenyanga eshisa kakhulu alilokothi libe ngaphezu kuka-22°C, nakuba lidlula isilinganiso sika-10°C isikhathi esingaphezu kwezinyanga ezi-4 ngonyaka.
- Isimo sezulu se-Dwc-Subpolar nobusika obomile
Lapha izinyanga ezilotshwe ngezinga lokushisa eliphakathi kuka-10 ° C, zingaphansi kwezine ngonyaka. Ngenkathi enyangeni ebanda kakhulu, idlula -38°C.
Izimo ezinjalo zijwayelekile ezindaweni ezithile eRussia, eMongolia nase-Alaska.
- Isimo sezulu se-Dwd-Subpolar
Lokhu kuhlukaniswa kubonakala ngokuba nezinyanga ezingaphansi kwezintathu zonyaka lapho izinga lokushisa elijwayelekile lingaphezu kuka-10°C. Ngokufanayo, inyanga ebanda kakhulu ingadlula -38°C.
Isimo sezulu sezwekazi esinethonya laseMedithera (ds)
Ngesikhathi sasehlobo, izimvula ziyancipha ngokusobala, yingakho kuthathwa njengenkathi eyomile.
Lesi sigaba sesimo sezulu ngokuvamile sitholakala ezindaweni eziphakeme kakhulu zeMedithera.
Kodwa akusona isimo sezulu esivamile. Ibhekwa kakhulu esifundeni saseCaucasus naseSierra Nevada, ngaphezu kwezindawo ezithile e-Iran naseTurkey.
Kodwa lesi sigaba sesimo sezulu sinezigaba ezingaphansi; Ake sibone ukuthi ziyini nokuthi amagama azo achazwa kanjani.
- Isimo sezulu sase-Dsa-Medithera
Kuleli qembu elincane lokuhlukanisa isimo sezulu, izinga lokushisa elimaphakathi lenyanga eshisa kakhulu lingaphezu kuka-22°C.
- Isimo sezulu se-Dsb-Mediterranean hemiboreal
Nakuba kulesi sifunda izinga lokushisa elivamile lenyanga eshisa kakhulu lingeqi ku-22°C, lidlula isilinganiso sika-10°C okungenani ezinyangeni ezi-4 zonyaka.
- Isimo sezulu se-Dsc-Subpolar esinehlobo elomile nelifushane
Kulesi sigatshana, kunezinyanga ezingaphansi kwezine zonyaka ezinezinga lokushisa elijwayelekile elingaphezu kuka-10°C. Ngenkathi izinga lokushisa lenyanga ebanda kakhulu lingama-38°C.
- I-Dsd-Strong subpolar sezulu nehlobo elomile
Lokhu kumelela ingxenye yokugcina yalesi sigaba sezulu. Lapha izinga lokushisa elijwayelekile lika-10°C alidluli ezinyangeni ezine zonyaka.
Ngenkathi enyangeni ebanda kakhulu izinga lokushisa lingadlula -38°C.
Iqembu E: Isimo Sezulu Esishisayo
Lesi sigaba sesimo sezulu sibonakala ngokuthi izinga lokushisa elijwayelekile lenyanga eshisa kakhulu onyakeni alidluli ku-10°C.
Esinye isici saso ukuthi izimbali ziyefana nalezo esivame ukuzithola ezindaweni eziwugwadule ezineqhwa.
Kulesi sigaba, osonhlamvukazi basetshenziswa kumagama abo. Lapha u-"T" unquma isimo sezulu se-tundra, kuyilapho "TH" noma "H" nje ibhekisela esimweni sezulu esise-tundra ezindaweni eziphakeme zezintaba.
Elinye icala elithi "F", elisetshenziselwa ukunquma isimo sezulu esibanda ngokuphelele.
Isimo sezulu se-tundra (KANYE)
Kulolu hlobo lwesimo sezulu, izinga lokushisa elijwayelekile lenyanga eshisa kakhulu onyakeni liphakathi kuka-0°C no-10°C.
Ibuye ibonakale ngezimila ezikhula kakhulu phakathi nezinyanga lapho amazinga okushisa edlula ku-0°C.
Ngendlela yokuthi lokhu kuhlukaniswa kwezulu kungatholakala ngokuyisisekelo ogwini lwe-Arctic Ocean kanye neNhlonhlo ye-Antarctic.
Nokho, kwenzeka naseGreenland, kwezinye izindawo eRussia, eziQhingini zaseMalvinas zase-Argentina nasezindaweni zaseMagallanes eChile.
Isimo sezulu se-Alpine (I-ETH/H)
Leli fomu lesimo sezulu lilingana ne-tundra, kodwa lenzeka ezimweni zokushisa eziphansi. Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi itholakala ezindaweni eziphakeme kakhulu izintaba.
Kuyisimo sezulu sasePeru, ikakhulukazi emiphakathini yasePuno nase-El Alto, ngaphezu kwedolobha laseLa Rinconada, eliphakeme kunawo wonke emhlabeni, elisendaweni ephakeme ngamamitha angaphezu kuka-5100 ngaphezu kolwandle.
Isimo sezulu esibandayo (P.E.)
Lokhu kungabuye kuchazwe njengesimo sezulu esibanda kakhulu, lapho izinga lokushisa elijwayelekile lenyanga eshisa kakhulu lingu-0°C.
Kodwa esinye sezici zayo ezibalulekile ukuthi lezi zindawo azinazo izimila. Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi kulezi zimo umhlabathi yiqhwa neqhwa, cishe ngokuphelele.
Lezi zimo zijwayelekile phakathi kweGreenland, kodwa futhi zitholakala cishe kuyo yonke i-Antarctica.
Njengeqiniso elimangalisayo, kuse-Antarctica ebanda kakhulu, ikakhulukazi esiteshini sokucwaninga saseRussia esizinze eVostok, lapho izinga lokushisa eliphansi kakhulu elikalwa emhlabeni labhalwa khona. Lokhu kufinyelela ku-89,2°C.
Ngalesi ziqu sokugcina siphetha lesi sigaba esibanzi, kodwa kudingekile kakhulu ukwazi yiziphi izinhlobo zesimo sezulu.
Kodwa kusekhona okunye, ngoba asiphakamisi ukuchaza konke mayelana nesimo sezulu. Ngakho-ke kuhle ukuthi siqhubekele phambili, lapho ulwazi olwengeziwe lusilindile.
Isimo sezulu nesimo sezulu
Okuvame kakhulu ukuthi isimo sezulu sididekile nesimo sezulu sendawo ethile.
Kudingekile ukucacisa ukuthi leli iphutha elikhulu, nakuba livame kakhulu. Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi ngokwe-colloquially womabili la magama asetshenziswa ngokushintshana entweni efanayo, nakuba ngokwezobuchwepheshe ehluke kakhulu.
Kodwa akukhona nje ukuthi la magama amabili awafani nje kuphela, kodwa lokho okuchaza igama ngalinye kubalwa noma kukalwa ngezindlela ezahlukene.
Ngaleyo ndlela sizoqala ngokunichazela ukuthi uma sikhuluma ngesimo sezulu esibuye saziwa ngokuthi yi-atmospheric weather.
Sibhekisela esimweni umkhathi osiveza endaweni ethile, phakathi nenkathi yesikhathi esifushane, okungaba izinsuku noma amahora.
Nakuba uma sikhuluma ngesimo sezulu sibhekisela kumodeli womkhathi wesayithi noma isifunda esithile.
Kodwa ngokungafani necala langaphambilini, lapha umjikelezo omude kakhulu uthathwa njengesisekelo, ngokuvamile esidlula iminyaka engu-30 yokufunda. Yisikhathi lapho ulwazi olunembe kakhulu luqoqwa ezindaweni zocwaningo.
Nakuba bevuma ukuthi kokubili isimo sezulu nesimo sezulu kuyingxenye yalokho okwaziwa njengocwaningo oluchazwe kahle.
Kuleli qophelo kudingekile ukuchaza ukuthi i-meteorology iyingxenye ye-atmospheric physics ehloselwe uphenyo lwesimo sezulu kanye nomsebenzi womkhathi obangela amazinga okushisa.
Ngakolunye uhlangothi, i-climatology igatsha le-geography, elizinikele ocwaningweni lwesimo sezulu ezindaweni ezahlukene zomhlaba. Futhi inesibopho sokuhlukahluka kwesimo sezulu ngenkathi yokulandelana kwezikhathi.
insimu enkulu
Kodwa-ke, i-Meteorology ihlukaniswe yaba amagatsha amaningana anikezelwe ocwaningweni lwezindawo eziyinkimbinkimbi kakhulu.
Ngakho singambona ebhekana nakho konke kusukela kwisibikezelo sezulu kuya ekunyakazeni komkhathi, izimo zabo kanye nezakhiwo.
Kodwa ihlanganisa okwengeziwe, njengemiphumela yemisebe yelanga emkhathini weplanethi nokucwaninga emoyeni, ngaphezu komfutho womkhathi nezinga lokushisa.
Kodwa-ke, ukufundwa kokuzinza nokuvumelana kwamavolumu omoya namafu kumele kwengezwe emithwalweni yawo. Kanye nezimvula, izivunguvungu nama-monsoon, phakathi kwezinye izindawo zocwaningo ezibanzi.
Kodwa uma i-Climatology isebenzisa amazinga athile namarekhodi asetshenziswa ngokulinganayo ophenyweni oluhlukene lwe-Meteorology, izinjongo noma izinhloso zocwaningo zihlukile.
Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi inhloso akukhona ukuzuza imiphumela esheshayo, kodwa ukufunda izici zezulu ezihlukene zezifunda ezihlukahlukene zeplanethi esikhathini eside.
Ngendlela yokuthi izinkambu zombili zisebenza ndawonye njengesixhumanisi.
Lena indaba ye-Meteorology, lapho isebenza njengesayensi ehambisanayo neClimatology.
Lokhu kuyadingeka ngoba izibalo zesikhathi eside zazo zombili izinhlobo zezulu nezomkhathi zidinga amarekhodi aqoqwe eziteshini zesimo sezulu emhlabeni jikelele.
Ngale ndlela ungasetha isimo sezulu sendawo ethile. Kodwa futhi iyakwazi ukubikezela isimo sezulu futhi isungule ukunyakaza kwamafu ngokuhamba kosuku.
Izinto ezinquma isimo sezulu ngasinye
Ukusungula isimo sezulu sendawo ethile, kunezici ezithile okufanele zibhekwe, ikakhulukazi lapho kubalwa isimo sezulu sendawo.
Lezi izici eziyisithupha esizichaza ngezansi:
- Ububanzi
- Ukuphakama
- Ukuma kwe-Topography
- Ibanga ukuya olwandle
- Imisinga ye-Ocean
- imimoya yamaplanethi
Ububanzi
Eyokuqala yalezi zici: i-latitude, iqondwa njengebanga elitshekile phakathi komugqa ocatshangelwayo wenkabazwe -ohlukanisa iplanethi ibe ama-hemispheres amabili- kanye nendawo ethize embulungeni.
Ukusetha indawo ethile kunoma iyiphi i-hemispheres ekhonjisiwe, i-latitude isetshenziswa, ezungezwe phakathi kwe-equator strip ku-0 °, kuze kufike ezigxotsheni. Ngakho i-North Pole isethwe ku-90°N kanye ne-South Pole ku-90°S.
I-Latitude yendawo ethile ichazwe ngamadigri (°). Ngenkathi izingxenyana zalawa madigri zivezwa ngemizuzu (') namasekhondi ('').
Kodwa kumelwe sichaze ukuthi kuye ngokuthi indawo okuzophawulwa kuyo ikuphi, i-latitude ingaboniswa ngezindlela ezimbili ezihlukene.
Ngale ndlela yokuthi kulabo abasendaweni esenyakatho yomhlaba, isibonelo endaweni engu-15°, i-nomenclature ehambisanayo ingaba: 15°N, noma umane +10°.
Ngakolunye uhlangothi, uma isayithi elizomakwa lisendaweni ehlukile kuneyangaphambili, okungukuthi, eningizimu, ithatha i-latitude engu-15 °, khona-ke i-nomenclature izoba ngu-15 ° S noma nje -15 °.
Uhlelo lwe-Sexagesimal
Lolu hlobo lwegama lamagama luthobela i-Sexagesimal System. Isibonelo sokulandelana okuphelele kulesi sigaba samagama singaba, endaweni esengxenyeni esenyakatho yomhlaba: +60° 45' 52''.
Kulolu hlelo, idigri eyodwa ilingana no-111,12 km, kanti umzuzu owodwa ulingana no-1852 m, noma yini efana nemayela elilodwa le-nautical. Ekugcineni, umzuzwana owodwa ulingana no-30,86 m.
Kodwa lapho sikhuluma ngesimo sezulu, i-latitude inquma izinga lokungena kwemisebe yelanga, kanye nesikhathi lapho usuku nobusuku buhlala khona ngokuvumelana nokuvela kwelanga.
Kuleli qophelo kubalulekile ukusho ukuthi ukuhlukaniswa kokukhanya kwelanga okugeza umhlaba, kunikezwa ngenxa yokunyakaza kweplanethi. Yilokhu okuveza kokubili ukuhlukaniswa kwezinsuku nezinkathi zonyaka.
Ngale ndlela, izinguquko ku-latitude kanye ne-engeli eyakhiwe i-eksisi yomhlaba yokuzungezisa, ilungisa ukuhluka kwezinga lokushisa phakathi kwezinkathi zonyaka ezihlukene zonyaka ezifundeni eziningi zeplanethi.
Nakuba futhi isebenzisa ithonya layo ekusunguleni indawo lapho izingqalasizinda zomsebenzi obangelwa umoya zenzeka khona, kanye nezindawo ze-cyclonic ne-anti-cyclonic.
Ukuphakama
Ukuphakama kungachazwa njengebanga, elikalwa ngokuma mpo, elikhona endaweni ethile emhlabeni maqondana nezinga lolwandle.
I-nomenclature esukela kulokhu ivamise ukuvezwa ngendlela efushanisiwe ngale ndlela elandelayo: (msn) Lokhu kusho amamitha ngaphezu kwezinga lolwandle.
I-Altitude iyisici esithinta kakhulu isimo sezulu. Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi lapho ukuphakama ukuphakama, izinga lokushisa liyancipha. Ubudlelwano obulinganayo obuphambene.
Kodwa lokhu kukhiqiza ukuhlukaniswa kwezigaba ezishisayo, eziqondiswa izici ezifana nezitshalo, ukushisa nokubanda, kanye nokuhlelwa kwendawo.
Lapha sizobhekisela ezitezi ezine ezishisayo ezamukelwa kakhulu. Lena yindlela amazinga okushisa ezifunda asethwa ngayo yimibandela esizoyibona ngokulandelayo:
- I-P1-Macrothermal: Isungulwe ngaphansi kwamamitha ayinkulungwane ukuphakama. Lapho izinga lokushisa liyahluka phakathi kuka-27° olwandle kanye no-20° endaweni ephakeme kakhulu.
- I-P2-Mesothermal: Lesi sakhiwo sibekwe phakathi kwenkulungwane nenkulungwane namakhulu amathathu amamitha ukuphakama. Lapha yilapho umehluko obonakalayo phakathi kuka-10°C no-20°C. Kubizwa ngokuthi isimo sezulu sezintaba ezipholile.
- I-P3-Microthermal: Iwumdweshu wokuphakama ophakathi kwamamitha ayizinkulungwane ezintathu nezine namakhulu ayisikhombisa. Lapho izinga lokushisa liyashintshashintsha ebangeni elisuka ku-0°C liye ku-10°C. Lesi sici sakha isimo sezulu esibandayo.
- I-P4-Ukubanda: Ngale kokuphakama okungamamitha angu-0, izinga lokushisa elijwayelekile lingaphansi kuka-XNUMX°C. Lokhu kwakha indawo eneqhwa elingapheli, okungukuthi, iqhwa elingancibiliki ngenxa yokwenzeka kwelanga.
Ukuma kwe-Topography
Ukuma kwe-topography kumelela ukuhlelwa kwezintaba nokhahlamba. Ukuma okunjalo kunqunywa kuye ngokuthi kwenzekani emisebe yelanga.
Ngale ndlela ungathola imithambeka enezintaba ebizwa ngokuthi i-solana, ngaphezu kwezinye ezaziwa ngokuthi i-Umbria.
Ngalezi zinhloso, kufanele kucaciswe ukuthi i-Solana igama elinikezwe izintaba noma emithambekeni yezifunda ezisezintabeni, ngokuvamile eziqoqa imisebe yelanga eyengeziwe.
Ngendlela yokuthi kulezi zindawo ukukhanya okukhulu kubonakala emini. Ngaphezu komthunzi omncane maqondana nemithambeka ebizwa ngokuthi i-Umbría, lapho ngezinye izikhathi umthunzi uhlala khona amasonto.
Ngokuya ngokwenzeka kwelanga, amathambeka e-Solana ne-Umbria azobonisa umehluko ngokuya ngamazinga okushisa. Okwenza imimango yeSolana igcwale abantu abaningi, kanye nokusebenza kahle kwezolimo.
Manje, endabeni yemithambeka nemithambeka ye-Solana etholakala enyakatho nenkabazwe, ikhomba eningizimu, ngokuphambene. Nakuba lezo ezitholakala eningizimu nenkabazwe, zikhomba enyakatho, nazo zibheke kolunye uhlangothi.
Kodwa imithambeka nemithambeka ye-Umbria, yileyo engxenyeni esenyakatho yezwe ebheke enyakatho, kuyilapho kwelinye nenkabazwe ebheke eningizimu.
Ngaphezu kwalezi zimo ezimbili, kukhona eyodwa ethile kakhulu. Kuvela ukuthi lapho imithambeka esemgqeni ocatshangelwayo wenkabazwe yasemhlabeni, kungakhathaliseki ukuthi ibheke eningizimu noma enyakatho, inezinyanga eziyisithupha zeSolana nezinye eziyisithupha zase-Umbria.
Ngenkathi izintaba ezibheke ngasentshonalanga, imithambeka yeSolana ne-Umbria ingatholakala ngasikhathi sinye.
Ibanga ukuya olwandle
Ibanga ukuya olwandle, eyaziwa nangokuthi Izwekazi, imele enye yezinto eziyisisekelo ezinethonya elikhulu kakhulu esimweni sezulu sendawo ethile.
Ngendlela yokuthi ibanga elide ngokuphathelene noquqaba lwasolwandle, lenza kube nzima ukuthi umoya oswakeme ufinyelele ezindaweni ezimaphakathi zamazwekazi.
Ngalokhu kuza nokuncipha kwemvula kulezo zifunda. Iqiniso liwukuthi lapho umthombo wamanzi ukude nalapho umoya uhambisa khona umswakama, okudingekile ekudaleni amafu azogcina edale izinkathazo ezidingeka kakhulu, okufikayo yisomiso.
Ngenxa yalesi sizathu, izindawo okukhulunywa ngazo zibonisa ububanzi be-thermal obubanzi. Kukhona umehluko omkhulu wamazinga okushisa angena ngokuphelele, maqondana nemini nobusuku.
Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi emahoreni ambalwa nje, izinga lokushisa lingasuka ngaphansi kukaziro liye ngisho nangaphezu kuka-40°C. Lokhu kuvame kakhulu ezindaweni eziwugwadule.
Kodwa isenzakalo esinjalo sibangela ukuba ihlobo lishube kakhulu, kube nobusika obubanda kakhulu, ikakhulukazi ebusuku.
Lona umkhiqizo wemisinga yamanzi, okwenza kube lula ukugcina izinga lokushisa eliphansi ehlobo kanye nalawo afudumele ebusika. Kuyinto eyenzeka ngenxa yokuthi amanzi amunca ukushisa ngokuqondile emisebeni yelanga.
Ukuze sicace kakhudlwana ngalo msebenzi obalulekile, kumelwe siveze ukuthi njengoba nje amanzi ethatha isikhathi esimangalisayo ukushisa, nawo kuthatha isikhathi eside ukuphola.
Lokhu kumayelana nezindawo zezwekazi, ngendlela yokuthi amanzi amele enye yezinto ezibaluleke kakhulu ekulinganisweni kwesimo sezulu namazinga okushisa.
Imisinga ye-Ocean
Le misinga idlala indima ebaluleke kakhulu ngokwezinga lokushisa nesimo sezulu endaweni ethile.
Ngalokhu kufanele siqonde ukuthi njengoba ulwandle lusebenza njengomlawuli wesimo sezulu, imisinga yasolwandle kanye ne-sub-oceanic nayo iyangenelela esimweni sezulu sasezwekazini.
Ngalo mqondo, izihlambi ezigijimayo zinomsebenzi wokudlulisa izixuku zamanzi, nazo zidlulisa amandla ashisayo, afana nokushisa.
Ngale ndlela, imisinga yamanzi yesifunda esithile ingangenela ekushiseni kwamanzi ezindaweni ezikude kakhulu. Injalo indaba yemisinga efudumele yaseGulf of Mexico.
Lena imisinga eyaziwa kakhulu ngethonya layo emanzini olwandle ngakolunye uhlangothi lomhlaba, ikakhulukazi endaweni yesiPutukezi neSpanishi.
Kulezi zifunda ezimbili zomhlaba omdala, amanzi avamise ukufudumala kunasemazweni ahlukene noma ezindaweni ezisezindaweni eziphansi. Isibonelo kungaba eseCanary Islands, noma iMauritania e-Afrika, lapho imisinga ithwala amanzi abandayo naphezu kweqiniso lokuthi la mazwe aseduze nebhande lenkabazwe.
Isenzakalo esinjalo siqinisekisa ukuthi izinga lokushisa lale misinga lingase lingahlobani ngokuqondile ne-latitude.
Indawo ye-Intertropical
Lokhu futhi kunomthelela esimweni sezulu sesifunda esithile. Injalo indaba yesifunda esiklanywe umugqa ocatshangelwayo owaziwa ngokuthi i-Intertropical Zone, ikakhulukazi ogwini olusentshonalanga Melika ne-Afrika, lapho isimo sezulu esomile sigcwele khona.
Kuyinto ekhiqizwa ukukhuphuka kusuka olwandle kuya ebusweni bamanzi abandayo.
Lokhu kukhuphuka okungaguquguquki kwamanzi ahlanzekile kudala ukucindezela okuphezulu komkhathi. Nokho, umswakama wale mifudlana uphansi kakhulu, ngakho imvula iphansi kakhulu noma ayikho nhlobo unyaka wonke.
Njengesibonelo salokhu, singacaphuna ugwadule lwase-Atacama lwaseChile, olungolunye lwezindawo ezome kakhulu emhlabeni, oluseduze kakhulu noLwandlekazi iPacific.
imimoya yamaplanethi
Leli gama likhomba ukunyakaza namagagasi obuningi bomoya akhiqizwa isenzo sokujikeleza kweplanethi. Baphethe ukudlulisa amanani amakhulu wamandla ashisayo kuma-meridians engxenye ngayinye yomhlaba.
Ngokugcina le misinga ilokhu ihamba, yenza kube lula ukudluliswa kokushisa ngobuningi bomoya ezindaweni ezinkulu zomhlaba.
Kulokhu sinikeza igama lemimoya yokuhweba, lapho sibhekisela ezindaweni ezishisayo. Ngenkathi sisezifundeni ezipholile, igama esilinikeza imimoya yasempumalanga.
Enye indlela yomoya weplanethi iMonsoon eyaziwa kakhulu, eqondene ngqo nezifunda zase-Asia nalezo eziseduze noLwandlekazi i-Indian. Ungumoya obangelwa ukushintshashintsha kwezinga lokushisa kwezinkathi ezithile zonyaka phakathi kwezindimbane zomoya zamazwekazi nolwandle.
Phakathi nehlobo kulesi sifunda, kukhiqizwa isimo sokucindezela okuphansi kwezwekazi.
Umthelela onjalo uheha imimoya ewugwadule neswakeme evela e-Indian Ocean, ngaleyo ndlela udale imvula enkulu enemvelaphi yezintaba. Lokhu kungenxa yokuba seduze kwezintaba ze-Himalaya, ezisebenza njengesithiyo sokukhuphuka kwemimoya esifundeni.
Kodwa ngesikhathi sasebusika lesi senzakalo senzeka ngendlela ephambene. Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi uquqaba lwasezwekazini lufika lungenawo umswakamo, ngakho le mimoya enomoya wawo owomile iya e-Indian Ocean.
Imiphumela efanayo iyenzeka nasezifundeni ezithile zase-US, nakuba imiphumela yazo ingashiwongo njengasendaweni yezwekazi lase-Asia echazwe ngenhla.
Ukushintsha kwesimo sezulu kanye nokungcola
Ukushintsha kwesimo sezulu ngokuqinisekile kungenye yezinselele ezinkulu isintu ebesibhekene nazo emashumini eminyaka amuva nje.
Le nkinga yomhlaba wonke imelela usongo emvelweni nasekuphileni kwabantu. Ngale ndlela, yisihloko esihlala sizuza ukubaluleka. Kuphinde kubhekwe njengephuzu elibalulekile lenkulumompikiswano kwabezindaba kanye nezinkundla zokuxhumana.
Kodwa ukuze sithuthukise leli phuzu, kumelwe sikhumbule ukuthi kukho konke ukuba khona kweplanethi, leli khaya lembulunga yonke liye lathonywa imijikelezo yoshintsho olungokwemvelo. Phakathi kwalezi zikhathi singakhomba amaqhwa, nakuba kufanele sengeze imijikelezo yokuzamazama komhlaba kanye nemisebe enamandla yelanga.
Nokho, ukuguquka kwesimo sezulu akwenzeki kuphela ngenxa yesenzo semvelo somhlaba, kodwa kunalokho kuthola ithonya elinamandla lesandla somuntu. Lokhu kwenzeka ngokuphathwa kabi futhi ngisho nokuxhashazwa ngokweqile kwemithombo yomhlaba, ikakhulukazi amafutha emvelo, angcolisa kakhulu.
Singabala eminye yemisebenzi elimaza kakhulu:
- Ukugawulwa kwamahlathi ngokungakhethi.
- Ukusetshenziswa kabi kwamanzi okuphuza.
- Ukuxhashazwa ngokweqile kwenhlabathi ngezinjongo zezimboni.
- Ukukhishwa kwamagesi anobuthi nokungcolisa umoya emkhathini kanye nokushiswa kwezinto ezimbiwa phansi.
- Ukunqwabelana kwemfucuza enobuthi olwandle.
Izindaba ezimnandi
Isamba sale mikhuba sisheshisa ukufudumala kwembulunga yonke, okuyinto njengoba sazi kakade okungenye yezinsongo ezimbi kakhulu ezibhekene nesintu.
Ububi obunjalo bufanele ukuba iziphathimandla ezinekhono namaqembu ezombusazwe emhlabeni wonke zithathelwe izinyathelo ngokushesha. Umqondo uwukumisa imithethonqubo yokusetshenziswa ngendlela efanele kwezinsiza zeplanethi, kanye nokuvikela izindawo zemvelo.
Kodwa akuzona zonke izinto ezimbi. Ukukhanya kwethemba kukhanya ngenqubekelaphambili eyenziwa usuku nosuku, ngomqondo wokukhuthaza ukusetshenziswa ngendlela efanele kwemithombo yemvelo. Ukwengeza, ngesikhathi esifanayo, ucwaningo lwamandla aluhlaza noma avuselelekayo lukhuthazwa kakhulu, ukuze kushintshwe uhlelo lwamanje.
Amawebhusayithi amahlanu angcono kakhulu esibikezelo sezulu
Ukuqeda okuthunyelwe kwethu, sizonikezela ingxenye yokugcina kumaphothali abukwa kakhulu amahlanu anikezelwe ukubikezela isimo sezulu.
Njengoba uma usufinyelele kuleli qophelo nathi, yingoba ngokungangabazeki uyazifela ngendaba futhi ngale ndlela kumele nawe ube ngomunye wabantu abathanda ukuphuma uzilungiselele isimo sezulu ozophuma ngaso lapho. ukuhamba kosuku.
Ngakho-ke lapha sincoma amawebhusayithi amahlanu angcono kakhulu wesimo sezulu, uma kwenzeka ungayethembi Intombazane Yesimo Sezulu ezindabeni zasekuseni.
The Weather Channel
Iwebhusayithi Yesiteshi Sesimo Sezulu, sezulu.com, ingenye elula futhi ephelele kakhulu uma kuziwa ekuhloleni isimo sezulu, hhayi nje endaweni yakho ethile, kodwa emhlabeni wonke.
I-AccuWeather
Endabeni yamafoni ahlakaniphile, masikhumbule ukuthi amanye alawa asevele efika nohlelo lokubikezela isimo sezulu lwe-accuweather.com.
Kodwa futhi singangena sisuka kuwebhusayithi yayo ukuze sijabulele ikhasi elilula nelimnandi elinamathuluzi anenzuzo asisiza sazi isimo sezulu ezingxenyeni ezihlukene zomhlaba.
Lapha singakwazi ngisho nokwazi izibikezelo kusasele izinyanga ezimbalwa.
Enye yezinzuzo zayo ezikhangayo ukuthi ikhombisa izithombe zesathelayithi ezinokunyakaza komkhathi.
sezulu.com
Kodwa uma esikufunayo kuwukuba namathuluzi ahlukahlukene ukuze siqinisekise isibikezelo sezulu esiphelele, time.com Kungenye yezinketho ezinhle kakhulu okufanele uzikhumbule.
Kule webhusayithi asikwazi nje ukubona isimo sezulu edolobheni lethu, kodwa futhi sidlulela emhlabeni wonke.
Iphinde inikeze ulwazi ngemimoya, ukucindezela komkhathi, umswakama, phakathi kweminye idatha eminingi ethakazelisayo.
Iwindows
Manje, uma singabalandeli bemidlalo yasemanzini efana nokuntweza, ukuhamba ngomkhumbi noma ukuntweza nge-kitesurfing nanoma iyiphi enye, maningi amathuba okuthi sidinga ukwazi ukuziphatha kwemimoya endaweni yethu.
Lokhu kwenziwa ukuze ukwazi ukudweba uhlelo lokuzulazula noma, uma kunjalo, ukuhlehliselwa omunye umzuzu wesimo sezulu esingcono.
Kulo mhlaba i-windfinder.com ingenye yamawebhusayithi angcono kakhulu. Ngoba ngaphezu kokukwazisa ngokunembile isimo sezulu, futhi ikuvumela ukuthi wazi ukuziphatha kwemisinga yomoya ngesikhathi sangempela emhlabeni jikelele, kanye nokucindezela komkhathi nezinga lokushisa.
Ngakho-ke ungasebenzisa isikhathi esiningi uphequlula ukubonga kule webhusayithi.
IWindy.com
Le webhusayithi ifana kakhulu nedlule. Ifakwe ohlwini njengelinye lamakhasi ahamba phambili ekubikezelweni kwesimo sezulu, kanye nokuhamba kwezixuku zomoya ngesikhathi sangempela emhlabeni jikelele.
Kodwa i-Windy.com ingaphezulu kakhulu, njengoba inikeza isikhombimsebenzisi esinobungane kakhulu nesijabulisa zonke izinhlobo zabasebenzisi.