Impumputhe ibonani? Lo mbuzo ngokwawo uyaxaka njengoba impumputhe ingaboni. Nokho, umbuzo omuhle ngoba kunezinhlobo ezahlukene zobumpumputhe futhi ngamunye wabo unokuhlangenwe nakho okuhlukile "kokubona" okuhlotshaniswa nakho.
Impumputhe ingxenye ibona okuthize, yingakho umbuzo, futhi oyimpumputhe ngokuphelele, yini abayibonayo? Ngenjabulo siphendula ngaphandle kokungabaza ngokuthi "kumnyama noma kumnyama". Nokho lokhu kuyiphutha, njengoba kuyimpendulo esekelwe kokuhlangenwe nakho okubonakalayo okubandakanya ukubona imibala, kuhlanganise nomnyama. Ngakho impendulo ayilula kangako. Umangele? hlala nathi ukuze wazi ngempela ukuthi impumputhe ibonani.
Buyini ubumpumputhe?
Lesi yisiqalo esikhulu ngaphambi kokungena ekuphenduleni umbuzo onzima kangaka wokuthi impumputhe ibonani? Okokuqala kuyodingeka ukucacisa ukuthi kusho ukuthini ubumpumputhe.
Kwezokwelapha akukho ncazelo okuvunyelwene ngayo yalo mqondo, njengoba uDkt. Rubén Pascual, udokotela wamehlo, esitshela, ayikho incazelo ecacile nengaguquki ngobumpumputhe. Ezingeni lezomthetho, sithola inkinga efanayo, futhi izwe ngalinye lisungula incazelo yezomthetho ehlukile yobumpumputhe. Yebo, umqondo ovamile uyamukelwa ukuze ubhekisele ebumpumputheni futhi okungukuthi, ngokukaDkt. Rubén Pascual: "Othile uthathwa 'njengempumputhe' lapho elahlekelwa umbono onzima noma ongakwazi ukulungiswa ngamalensi avamile noma othintana naye."
Ngokwale pathology, singathola izinhlobo ezahlukahlukene zokungaboni: ubumpumputhe obuphelele, ubumpumputhe obuyingxenye, kusukela ekuzalweni nangemva kokuzalwa. Ngamunye wabo uhlotshaniswa "nokuhlangenwe nakho okubonakalayo" okuhlukile, ngakho-ke ngale kobumnyama noma ubumnyama obuphelele, isipiliyoni esibonakalayo sezimpumputhe sibanzi ngokumangalisayo: kusuka kokungenalutho kuya ekukhanyeni kokukhanya, isizinda esinemibala kanye nokuma njengokungathi iphupho elihamba phambili.
Impumputhe ibonani? Isipiliyoni sezinzwa esihluke kakhulu
Sishilo ekuqaleni ukuthi lo ngumbuzo ophelele kunalokhu okubonakala futhi kunzima ukuwuphendula. Ngokuvamile siqinisekisa ukuthi umuntu oyimpumputhe “akaboni lutho”, “ubona umnyama”, noma “ubona konke okumnyama”. Kodwa kuyini "lutho"? "akukho lutho" kumane nje "kuyilutho", umqondo onzima ukuwufanisa ngenxa yokungafinyeleli kwawo kanye nokuntula isipiliyoni ngabantu ababonayo balokho ukungabi nalutho okuhlangenwe nakho okuyimpumputhe kuphela. Uma umfundi eqaphela, siphendula lo mbuzo ngokuhlangenwe nakho kwethu okubonakalayo, lokho okubona umnyama noma umnyama lapho sivala amehlo ethu, sikhohlwe ukuthi umuntu oyimpumputhe akanalo ulwazi lokubona ngakho-ke akanalo ulwazi olumnyama noma olumnyama ngoba nje akaboni. imibala, njengoba engaboni. Kubonakala kusobala kakhulu kodwa njengoba sibheka kulokhu kuhlaziya, akunjalo.
Ngenxa yezinhlobo ezahlukene zobumpumputhe ezikhona, incazelo yobumpumputhe iyinkimbinkimbi futhi iba banzi kakhulu, ubukhona imibono yezimpumputhe ehlukahlukene kakhulu ngesikhathi esisodwa zincike ezintweni eziningi njengobukhulu bobumpumputhe (ingqikithi noma ingxenye), imbangela ebangela lokho kanye nokuthi ubumpumputhe buvele ngaphambi noma ngemva kokuzalwa.
Ngakho-ke sizochaza impumputhe ibonani kuye ngohlobo lwakho oluthile lobumpumputhe.
Okuhlangenwe nakho okubukwayo ngokohlobo lobumpumputhe
Ubuningi bezinto ezibonwayo abantu abayizimpumputhe abangabhekana nazo buyaxaka njengoba bumangalisa. Siyibona ngezansi.
ubumpumputhe obuyingxenye
Ubumpumputhe obuyingxenye wukukhubazeka kokubona kwezinga elibalulekile lapho umuntu esekhona igcina ikhono elithile lokubonakodwa ngemikhawulo eminingi. Kuphela izohlukanisa izibani, izithunzi, mhlawumbe izimo kanye nokunyakaza kwezinto. Ububanzi bombono buzoncika ku-pathology ethile. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, izimpumputhe aziboni lutho, ngisho nokukhanya.
Njengoba kuyizimpumputhe kuphela ezigcina ikhono elithile lokubona, kulezi zimo sizothola inqwaba yokuhlangenwe nakho okubonakalayo kuye nge-pathology eyisisekelo. Sichaza kabanzi ngezansi:
- Umbono ofiphele: izithombe ezibonwayo zomhlaba azigxilile, ngaphandle kwencazelo ecacile yemikhawulo ebumba izinto, yonke into ithathwa njengenkungu. Ngokuvamile kubangelwa ukungasebenzi kahle ohlelweni lwe-lenticular yeso (njenge-cornea noma i-lens): lezi yizimo ze-cataract, i-corneal dystrophy, njll.
- i-scotoma: kulezi zimo umbono uyancipha noma ukhanselwe endaweni ethile yensimu yombono (indawo eyimpumputhe), kuyilapho yonke inkambu yokubukwa ihlala injalo. Indawo eyimpumputhe ingaba sesifundeni se-peripheral noma endaweni emaphakathi. Kunama-pathologies amaningi angabangela lesi sifo, phakathi kwawo: i-glaucoma, i-retinopathy yesifo sikashukela, i-pigmentary retinopathy, ukulimala kobuchopho, ukulimala kwe-optic nerve, ukuvinjelwa komthambo ophakathi ohlinzeka nge-retina, njll.
- ukukhanya nobumnyama: ezimweni ezinzima kakhulu zobumpumputhe obuncane, izimo nemibala akuhlukaniswa, ukukhanya nobumnyama kuphela, ukuze abantu okungenani bakwazi ukuhlukanisa phakathi kwemini nobusuku.
Ubumpumputhe kusukela ekuzalweni vs ubumpumputhe emva kokuzalwa
Okuhlangenwe nakho okubukwayo abantu abayizimpumputhe abangaba nakho kuhluke kakhulu kuye ngokuthi bazalwa bengaboni noma bakuthole kamuva ngenxa ye-pathology noma ingozi. Sizobhekana necala ngalinye emigqeni elandelayo.
ubumpumputhe ngemva kokuzalwa
Ukungaboni ngemva kokuzalwa kungabangelwa izifo ezifana nesifo sikashukela, i-glaucoma, njll. noma ngengozi edabukisayo eyashiya umuntu eyimpumputhe. Izimbangela zihluke njengekhono lokubona eliwumphumela, ngakho okuhlangenwe nakho okubukwayo okwethulwa ngumuntu kuvezwa ngezindlela ezihlukahlukene kakhulu. Ezimweni ezinzima kakhulu, lapho umuntu engakwazi ukubona ngokuphelele, kukhona okukhethekile okubalulekile: futhi yilokho. ubuchopho bakhe "abuboni" futhi abuboni nje kuphela, kodwa futhi igcina inkumbulo ayibonile.
Mhlawumbe isitho esithola umfutho -okuyiso nezijobelelo zalo kulokhu- akusebenzi kodwa i-visual cortex ayinayo futhi ayinayo i-hippocampus (egcina inkumbulo yesipiliyoni esibukwayo), ngakho-ke. i-visual cortex iyaqhubeka nokukhipha izithombe umuntu "azibonayo" nakuba zingekho ngempela. Futhi ngaphezu kwalokho, lezi zithombe zingahlotshaniswa nenkumbulo evusa umuzwa. Ake sithi umuntu uyawulondoloza “umhlaba wokubukwayo” nakuba engasakwazi ukuwubona.
I-visual cortex esebenzayo ibangela ukuthi umuntu abone ukuphazima kokukhanya noma ngisho izizinda ezinemibala. Kwezinye izimo, ngakolunye uhlangothi, i- omnyama njalo noma a ubumnyama obuphelele.
Ungakwazi futhi ukuzwa lokho okubizwa ngokuthi i-phenomenon of ama-phosphenes, okuwukukhanya okuncane okwenzeka ngokuzenzakalelayo noma ngemva kokucikica amehlo akho ngamandla.
Futhi ekugcineni, ezimweni ezingavamile sithola ama-hallucinations okubukwayo lapho izithombe nemibala ingavela khona. Lesi simo sibizwa ngokuthi UCharles Bonnet Syndrome.
Ukuze uqonde kangcono isipiliyoni esibukwayo umuntu oyimpumputhe abhekana naso, akukho lutho oludlula ubufakazi obuqondile futhi kunjalo indaba kaDamon Rose: intatheli ye-BBC eyalahlekelwa umbono wayo njengengane futhi ibhala encwadini isihloko esiphakathi lapho isipiliyoni sakhe esiyingqayizivele sisebenza khona:
“Njengamanje nginesizinda esinsundu ngokumnyama, esine-turquoise luminescence ngaphambili namaphakathi. Empeleni, isanda kushintshwa yaba luhlaza... manje iluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka ngokugqamile okuphuzi, futhi kukhona okusawolintshi okusongelayo ukuza ngaphambili futhi kukhave yonke into. Ingxenye esele yombono wami ithathwa ngobujamo bejiyomethri obugayiwe, ama-scribble, namafu engingeke ngibe nethemba lokuwachaza, futhi hhayi ngaphambi kokuba abuyele emuva futhi. Ngehora, konke kuzohluka. Ngiyazi ukuthi lokhu kuzozwakala kungavamile kumuntu oyimpumputhe, kodwa lapho abantu bengibuza ukuthi yini engiyikhumbula kakhulu ngokungakwazi ukubona, impendulo yami ihlale: ubumnyama. "
UDamon Rose, intatheli ye-BBC.
ubumpumputhe kusukela ekuzalweni
Lokhu mhlawumbe kuyicala elinzima kakhulu ukuliqonda, nakuba ekuqaleni libonakala lilula futhi lisobala kakhulu. Sivame ukucabanga ukuthi laba bantu babona yonke into emnyama noma emnyama unomphela, kodwa leyo yimpendulo esiyinikeza singanakile ngokuzibonela kwethu.
Thina esibonayo siyakwazi ukubonga imibala emnyama neminye ngoba sibona ukukhanya. Kodwa umuntu oyimpumputhe kwasekuzalweni kwakhe, ongakaze akubone ukukhanya noma umbala, akaboni mnyama futhi akaboni ubumnyama. Uvele abone "lutho" futhi akukho lutho "lutho." Lokhu kuyinkimbinkimbi yecala, yini lutho?Kunzima ngathi ukufanisa ngoba emhlabeni wethu obonakalayo kuhlale kukhona izinto, imibala, okuhlangenwe nakho okubukwayo futhi asazi ukuthi yini leyo void noma lutho.
Ngakho-ke abantu abangakaze babone lutho, Ababoni ingemuva elimnyama noma ama-phosphenes futhi abakwazi ukuzwa imibono engekho.. Ake sicabange ukuthi ubuchopho bakho "bunohlelo oluyimpumputhe" olungahlanganise lutho nohlelo lwabantu ababonayo abakhiqiza futhi bagcine okuhlangenwe nakho okubukwayo.
U-Tommy Edison, i-youtuber owazalwa eyimpumputhe, ukhuluma kahle kakhulu ngalokhu "lutho":
"Kuyo yonke impilo yami abantu bebengibuza. Bahlale befuna ukwazi: “Ubonani? Kufanele ubone okuthile, kufanele ubone okuthile!» Cha, angiboni lutho. Abantu ababonayo bavame ukuthi: «. Hhayi-ke, kufanele ubone ukuze wazi ukuthi yini emnyama, akunjalo? Ngakho angikwazi ukubona umnyama. Akunalutho nje. Anginawo umbala wayo."
Tommy Edison, YouTuber.