Njengezitshalo ezidliwayo ezifana nesipinashi ne-borage, imandrake isitshalo sasendle futhi zifana nalezo ezishiwo, kodwa lena inobuthi obukhulu. Ibangela ubuhlungu besisu, ukuhlanza, i-tachycardia kanye nokubona izinto ezingekho. Ezimweni ezimbi kakhulu zokungenwa ushevu kungaholela ekukhomeni futhi kube nemiphumela ebulalayo.
La imandrake (I-Mandragora officinarum) isitshalo somndeni wakwaSolanaceae. Ngezindawo zayo ezinobuthi kanye ne-hallucinogenic, ehambisana nokuma okunelukuluku kwempande evamile ye-anthropomorphic entwasahlobo, esikhathini esidlule. Yayibhekwa “njengemilingo” futhi inikezwe amandla angaphezu kwawemvelo emasikweni amaningi adumile. E-Italy i-mandrake (eyaziwa nangokuthi i-mandragola) ikhula ngokuzenzakalelayo. Kulabo abangebona ochwepheshe, ingadideka kalula nezitshalo ezidliwayo ezifana ne-borage nesipinashi, lapho ihlanganyela ngokufana ngokubukeka. Akuyona into engaqondakali ukuthi iphelile ezimweni eziningana ngenxa yokudakwa.
Yini i-madrágora
Imandrake, isitshalo esiyingxenye yeqembu lama-angiosperms e-dicotyledonous, iqhakaza ekwindla futhi inezimbali eziluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka eziphaphathekile. Amaqabunga, amancane futhi angabonakali kalula, made futhi avamise ukuba oval ngesimo. Izithelo zayo, amajikijolo anenyama, anombala ophuzi. Kodwa-ke, isici esihlukile siyimpande, ngokuvamile eyimfoloko, okuthi kwezinye izifanekiso futhi ikakhulukazi esikhathini sasentwasahlobo ibonise ubufakazi be-anthropomorphic. Le mininingwane, ehlotshaniswa nezakhiwo zayo, ukwenze "isitshalo esiyintandokazi sabathakathi", egcina enkabeni yemikhuba eminingi ye-esoteric nezinye izinkolelo eziningi ezithandwayo.
Kungani inobuthi?
Njengezinye izitshalo zomndeni wakwanightshade, imandrake inothile ngama-alkaloid ayenza ibe nobuthi futhi ingadliwa. Phakathi kwezinto ezinobuthi ezikhona esitshalweni sithola i-atropine, i-scopolamine ne-hyoscyamine, Kodwa-ke, ekugxilweni okwanele, nazo zinezindawo zokwelapha. Akuyona into engaqondakali ukuthi i-mandrake efanayo ezikhathini zasendulo yayisetshenziswa njengesidambisa ubuhlungu esinamandla, kanye nokwenza lula ukulala namandla ocansi (amandla e-aphrodisiac ahlotshaniswa nayo). Empeleni, izakhiwo zezimiso ezisebenzayo ngokuyinhloko ziyi-narcotic, i-analgesic kanye ne-sedative. Kodwa-ke, ubuthi obudlulele buvimbela ukusetshenziswa kwayo emithini yemithi, nakuba izazi ze-homeopaths zingathuthukisa ukuhlanjululwa kwe-mandrake.
Ubuhlungu nama-hallucinations: kwenzekani?
Ubuthi abufani kuzo zonke izingxenye zesitshalo futhi enkulu kunazo zonke itholakala empandeni yaso engavamile. Imiphumela, engase futhi iholele ku-coma nokufa uma kwenzeka udakwa kakhulu, ngokuvamile ubuhlungu besisu, i-tachycardia, ukuhlanza, umfutho wegazi ophakeme, nokuquleka. Uma imithamo enobuthi idlula umkhawulo othile, ukubona izinto ezingekho, i-amnesia, nokuvukwa inkanuko yocansi (okungakho amandla 'e-aphrodisiac') kungenzeka, okufana nezidakamizwa ezahlukahlukene. Ama-hallucinations angaba kokubili okubukwayo nokuzwayo futhi ahambisana namajaqamba esiswini.
izindaba zokudakwa
imandrake igcine imaphakathi nezindaba eziningi ngoba ishintshaniswa nezitshalo ezidliwayo ezifana ne-borage, nazo ezizenzekelayo, nesipinashi. Isizathu sisekufaneni phakathi kwezitshalo, kodwa ezinomehluko othile emehlweni ochwepheshe (isibonelo, ukuma kwamaqabunga kanye nenani le-fluff). Lesi isibonelo somndeni owagcina ulaliswe esibhedlela ngemuva kokudla imifino eqandisiwe, kungenzeka ukuthi imandrake yamila ngokuzenzekelayo ensimini yavunwa, kwabulawa isipinashi.
Izinganekwane
Esikweni lamaGreki kukhona ubuhlobo obuthile phakathi kwemandrake, inja kanye nonkulunkulukazi uHecate. Ukubusa kwalo nkulunkulu omnyama wezwe elingaphansi kuhlotshaniswa ngokuqondile namathuna. Iqembu lezinganekwane kanye nezinganekwane ezikhona emasikweni ase-Europe, ama-Arab kanye nase-Asia zingalandelelwa emuva enganekwaneni yoqobo ehlukile. Kulezi zindaba kuvela indikimba ekhona ngesikhathi semvelaphi yomuntu, lapho umuntu ngokwakhe uvela kumandrake, ixhaphaza isithombe se-anthropomorphic kusuka kumsuka.
Ezindabeni singafunda kanjani "Amadoda okuqala ayengaba umndeni wamamandragora amakhulu azwelayo ilanga laliyophila futhi, lodwa, laliyozihlukanisa nomhlaba.". Noma, yini “Umuntu ekuqaleni wabonakala emhlabeni esesimweni samamandrake esabekayo, ephiliswa ukuphila okungokwemvelo, futhi umoya woPhezukonke wabacindezela, wabagudluza, wabaphatha kabi, ekugcineni wabasiphula; ukubaguqula babe ngabantu abaphiwe ukucabanga kanye nokunyakaza kwabo. […] Kulokhu singaphetha ngokuthi imandrake ixhumene nenganekwane yemvelaphi yomuntu”.
Nakuba kungeyona inganekwane yemvelaphi ye-mandrake, kuyathakazelisa ukuqaphela ukuthi, kulawa ma-cosmogonies, imvelaphi yesitshalo ikholelwa ukuthi indala kunomuntu.
Njengoba singabona, ayikho inganekwane engokoqobo neyakheke kahle mayelana nemvelaphi yemandrake esisekhona. Imbalwa kuphela iminonjana engayodwa, eshintshiwe isikhathi ngasinye, eye yaba nempumelelo enkolelweni evamile nasezinganekwaneni. Iqiniso liwukuthi lesi sitshalo esinobuthi sasibhekwa njengesiqalo futhi akwaziwa ukuthi savela ngaphambi noma ekuqaleni kwesintu.
Ezinye izinkolelo
Impande enkulu nezithelo kwakuyizingxenye zesitshalo ezazisetshenziselwa imiphumela yokwelapha kanye ne-psychoactive. Kusukela ezikhathini zasendulo, ukuma kwempande bekusetshenziselwa ukuqaphela izici zowesilisa noma zowesifazane. Lokhu kuhlonza kwe-anthropomorphic kube umthombo wogqozi ezinganekwaneni, ezinkolelweni nasezinkambisweni ezihlobene nalesi sitshalo.
Imithombo eyahlukene yenkathi ephakathi ihlobene nenkolelo yokuthi lapho umuntu ogwetshelwe ukufa elengiswa, lapho eshona ngaso, uketshezi lwayo lwesidoda noma umchamo, ukuwela phansi, kubangele imandrake. Lesi sihloko ngokuvamile silandelwa incazelo yenqubo yokuvuna isitshalo. Empeleni kwakunenkolelo yokuthi noma ubani owayezama ukuliqeda, kodwa nanoma ubani owayezithela phezu kwalo ngephutha noma asondele kakhulu kulo, wayezofa. Inkolelo iphinde ithi uma inja emnyama noma emnyama iboshelwa empandeni yesitshalo, kungaba ngomsila noma ngentamo, izosiphula futhi noma inja ihlatshwa, isitshalo singase sibe esetshenzisiwe..
Ekuguquleni inganekwane ibe yinkolelo ethandwayo, isizathu somusho ongalungile siyanyamalala futhi isifaniso sibhekisela kuwo wonke umuntu olengiswa.
IMandragora kanye nobudlelwano bayo nokufa
Ubudlelwano phakathi kwemandrake nokufa likhona kwezinye izinkolelo. Imvamisa ukuba khona kwesitshalo kuhlotshaniswa nezindawo lapho kungcwatshwa khona izidumbu, njengendawo ezungezile yamathuna.
Imandrake nayo ikhonjwe ngempicabadala utshani be-molybdenum kaHomer. Endabeni, efakwe encwadini yeshumi ye-Odyssey, iyona unkulunkulu uHermes, "isithunywa sonkulunkulu", esiletha isitshalo somlingo ku-Odysseus. Umgomo wawuwukusebenzisa njengesivikelo esisefeni somthakathi Circe, okwazi ukuguqula amadoda abe izingulube. Endabeni, isitshalo se-molybdenum senza isenzo esiphambene nalesi samakhambi omlingo wakudala: sivimbela ukuguqulwa sibe isilwane, esikhundleni sokusiyenga.
Literatura
Imandrake yaziwa futhi ngesiko lamaJuda futhi ikhona eTestamenteni Elidala. Ishiwo endabeni enezincazelo "zeqaba", lapho isitshalo sisetshenziswa njenge indlela yokushintshana ngendawo yayo ye-aphrodisiac kanye nokuvundisa. Eqinisweni, lesi sitshalo sibhekwa, cishe yonke indawo, njenge-aphrodisiac emangalisayo. Akuyona ize ukuthi u-Aphrodite, unkulunkulukazi wothando wamaGreki, abe nesiteketiso sokuthi I-Mandragoritis.
Izinganekwane kanye noHarry Potter
Inganekwane eyaziwa kakhulu exhunyaniswe nemandrake yileyo yokukhala 'kombulali' emsukeni wayo lapho isishulwa, futhi ixhunyaniswa ngokuqondile nesimo sayo se-anthropomorphic. Ukuze usivune ngokuphepha, ngokwesiko elidumile nalo elishiwo nguMachiavelli, lesi sitshalo kufanele siboshelwe enjeni ukuze sisiphule. Le nqubo izolahla isilwane, kodwa izoqinisekisa ukuqoqwa 'ngokuphepha'. Ukukhala kwemandrake futhi bekungumlingiswa ophambili ku-Harry Potter fantasy saga, esahlukweni esithi Harry Potter kanye neChamber of Secrets.