Ignatius Manuel Altamirano Uvela eMexico futhi wagqama ekuphileni njengommeli, umbhali, uthisha, usopolitiki kanye nentatheli. Phakathi kwemisebenzi ebaluleke kakhulu uClemencia no-Athena.
Umlando ka-Ignacio Manuel Altamirano
U-Ignacio Manuel Altamirano, wazalelwa eTixtla, engaphansi kweSifundazwe SaseMexico futhi njengamanje esibizwa ngokuthi iGuerrero, ngo-November 14, 1834. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, wafela eSanremo ngo-February 13, 1893. Wagqama njengomlobi. intatheli, usopolitiki kanye nothisha ezweni lakini.
Impilo yokufunda nempilo
Ubeyingxenye yomndeni wendabuko yendabuko yamaChontal. Ngaphezu kwalokhu, kubalulekile ukuqaphela ukuthi uyise wayenesikhundla sobuholi, okwamenza wathola ithuba lokuba yimeya yaseTixtla ngo-1848.
Iminyaka yakhe engu-15, u-Ignacio Manuel Altamirano wayiswa esikoleni. Yilapho athola khona ithuba lokufunda ukufunda nokubhala, waba omunye wabafana abavelele edolobheni lakubo.
Kufanele kukhulunywe ukuthi wafunda eToluca ngomfundaze owawunikezwa u-Ignacio Ramírez, njengoba lo mlingisi wamnika ithuba lokusebenza njengomfundi wakhe. Uma ufuna ungafunda okwengeziwe ngezindatshana ezifana nalezi Umgwaqo uRamiro
Ngakolunye uhlangothi, waba nethuba lokufunda eLiterary Institute of Toluca ngo-1949. Waphumelela nasezifundweni zomthetho eColegio de San Juan de Letrán. Ngemva kwezenzo zakhe maqondana nezifundo, waba nethuba lokuba yingxenye yezikole ezigxile emazingeni okufunda njengeMexican Dramatic Conservatory, kanye neNezahualcóyotl Society.
Impilo yezepolitiki
U-Ignacio Manuel Altamirano uzichaza njengomvikeli wenkululeko. Ngaphezu kwalokhu, wayeyingxenye yezenzo ezenziwa yi-Ayutla Revolution, eyenziwa ngo-1854, egxile ekuqedeni iSantanismo.
Ngakolunye uhlangothi, naye wahlanganyela kulokho okubizwa ngokuthi iMpi Yezinguquko. Ngokufanayo, ngokusho kwamarekhodi omlando, naye wenza ekuhlaselweni kweFrance ngo-1863. Lapho eshiya ngemuva izenzo ezihlobene nezimpi zempi, u-Ignacio Manuel Altamirano wanquma ukuthuthukisa njengomfundisi.
Ube nethuba lokusebenza eSikoleni Sikazwelonke Sokulungiselela, kanye naseSikoleni Esiphakeme Sezohwebo Nokuphatha kanye neSikole Sikazwelonke Sothisha. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, kubalulekile ukusho ukuthi wayesebenza emhlabeni wobuntatheli.
ubuntatheli nepolitiki
Ngaphezu kwalokhu, ngenkathi ekuleli zwe waba nethuba lokuthuthukisa eduze noGuillermo Prieto, kanye no-Ignacio Ramírez. Yibo lapho abe nethuba lokuthola iCorreo de México.
Ngokufanayo, kanye noGonzalo A. Esteva, wayephethe umagazini owawugxile ezincwadini ezibizwa ngokuthi i-El Renacimiento. Lo magazini uyagqama ngoba izikhathi eziningi wawusingathwa abantu ababalulekile ezincwadini nakwezombangazwe. Kungemva kwalokhu lapho kungaqinisekiswa khona ukuthi lezi zindaba zibonakale ngendlela yobungcweti.
I-Renaissance yazama ukubuyisela ukubaluleka kokuphatha izinhlamvu phakathi kwenani labantu bomdabu waseMexico. Ngaphezu kwalokhu, yayifuna ukwakha futhi igqamise ubumbano lwesizwe. Ngaleyo ndlela ukuthuthukisa ukuziqhenya ngobuwena njengesizwe okufanele umphakathi ube nakho.
Ngakolunye uhlangothi, kubalulekile ukusho ukuthi u-Ignacio Manuel Altamirano wabambisana nokugcwaliseka kwamaphephandaba ahlukahlukene kanye nomagazini. Phakathi kwezigqame kakhulu i-El Renacimiento, iLa Tribuna, iLa República, i-El Correo de México kanye ne-El Federalista.
imisebenzi yomphakathi
Kungonyaka we-1861 lapho ekwazi khona ukusebenza njengesekela kuCongress of the Union. Ubambe lesi sikhundla amahlandla amathathu elandelana. Kufanele kukhulunywe ukuthi ngesikhathi esathuthuka njengesekela weseka ukuqaliswa kwesikole samabanga aphansi samahhala futhi esiyimpoqo.
Ngakolunye uhlangothi, uphinde wasebenza njengoMmeli-Jikelele weRiphabhulikhi, kanye nomshushisi, imantshi kanye nomongameli ophethe iNkantolo Ephakeme. Ngendlela efanayo, wajutshwa isikhashana ukuthi abambe isikhundla eMnyangweni Wezemisebenzi Yomphakathi.
Ngokulandelayo, kungaphawulwa ukuthi u-Ignacio Manuel Altamirano wasebenza ngaphakathi kwenkonzo yobunxusa eyayakha iRiphabhulikhi yaseMexico ngaleso sikhathi. Ubuye wasebenza njenge-consul e-Barcelona naseParis. Funda okwengeziwe mayelana nemibhalo yokuphila yababhali Izincwadi zikaPilar Sordo
Eminye imisebenzi evelele
U-Ignacio Altamirano wagqama ekumiseni ukuqala kwemfundo yamahhala yamabanga aphansi futhi ngesikhathi esifanayo eyimpoqo ngo-February 5, 1882. Ngaphezu kwalokhu, waba nethuba lokwakha futhi wathola iLiceo de Puebla, kanye neSikole Esivamile. Yothisha eMexico.
Ngakolunye uhlangothi U-Ignacio Manuel Altamirano ugqame ngokubhala izincwadi ezimbalwa. Ngokulandelayo, kufanele kuphawulwe ukuthi imisebenzi yakhe igqamisa izitayela ezahlukene ezigxile ohlotsheni lwemibhalo. Ngendlela efanayo, ukugxeka kwakhe okuvelele okuhlobene nokuziphendukela kwezwe kwabonakala komagazini abahlukahlukene ababalulekile eMexico.
Kumele kuqashelwe futhi ukuthi izinkulumo zakhe zezepolitiki zibe nokubaluleka okukhulu kulo mhlaba. Wagqama ekuphatheni ngendlela ecashile izinganekwane, amasiko kanye nezindawo zaseMexico.
Kufanele kuqashelwe ukuthi kusukela ngo-1867 ukwazile ukusebenzisa izici ezincwadini zaseMexico ezikhuthaza amanani azuzisa izwe. Ngokulandelayo, ngalezo zikhathi ezifanayo wakwazi ukufakwa ohlwini njengesazi-mlando semvelaphi yemibhalo.
Ngakolunye uhlangothi, kukholakala ukuthi kusukela ngo-1870, yaba yingxenye yezinkolo zemvelaphi yeMasonic. Kukholakala ukuthi u-Ignacio Manuel Altamirano ukwazile ukufakwa esigabeni sama-33 ngo-1879.
Ngemva kokuphila okugcwele ulwazi oluningi lwezombangazwe, imfundo kanye nemibhalo, washonela e-Italy ngo-1893. Wayesendaweni yaseYurophu emsebenzini wobunxusa.
Kufanele kukhulunywe ukuthi iminyaka yakhe eyikhulu yokuzalwa, izinsalela zadluliselwa ku-Rotunda Yabantu Abavelele baseMexico. Ngaphezu kwalokhu, izenzo zakhe ezibalulekile ezivuna ukuthuthukiswa kweMexico kwaholela ekwakhiweni kwendondo ye-Ignacio Manuel Altamirano. Konke lokhu ngenhloso yokuhlonipha iminyaka yakhe enguthisha.
NgoFebhuwari 13, 1993, kunqunywa ukubhala igama lakhe ngezinhlamvu zegolide. Ngenhloso yokubabeka ezindongeni zeChamber of Deputies yezwe, ngaleyo ndlela kugqanyiswe izenzo zabo zezombusazwe.
Umsebenzi ka-Ignacio Manuel Altamirano
Wayenenkolelo ejulile yokuthi iMexico idinga amadoda agxilile ezweni lakubo kanye nasekuthuthukisweni kwemisebenzi ethuthukisa isiko. Konke ngenhloso yokusebenzisa amanani engeziwe phakathi kwabantu.
Kungemva kwalokhu lapho ngesikhathi sokuphila kwakhe efuna ukuthwebula imibono ezoholela ekuziphendukeleni kwemvelo kwabantu baseMexico. Lolu hlobo lwezenzo lungabonakala kweminye yemisebenzi yakhe, lapho izibalo zama-mystics ezijwayelekile zezwe zigqama.
Ngakho-ke, kufanele kukhulunywe ukuthi u-Altamirano wayengumanduleli wesiko laseMexico, njengoba nje uBenito Juárez egqama enkululekweni yezwe laseLatin America.
umsebenzi wokufundisa
Kubalulekile ukusho ukuthi ngenxa ka-Ignacio Manuel Altamirano, isiko laseMexico lathuthukisa ukuziphendukela kwemvelo okuphawulekayo kuleyo minyaka. Yini eyenza lo mlingisi abe ngumbhali ovelele kwezemfundo yezwe.
Ngakolunye uhlangothi, wathuthuka njengothisha eNational Preparatory School nezinye ezifana neSikole Sezohwebo. Konke lokhu ngenhloso yokuthuthukisa inqubekelaphambili yezwe.
Amanoveli akhe
Maqondana namanoveli akhe, phakathi kwezivelele kakhulu i-Clemencia, eyanyatheliswa ngo-1868, uJulia ngo-1870 kanye noKhisimusi ezintabeni ezenziwe ngo-1871. Wonke lawa manoveli aba yingxenye ebalulekile yokuthuthukiswa kokulandisa ngaphakathi kwezwe laseLatin America.
Kufanele kuqashelwe ukuthi emanovelini akhe wagqamisa ubunzima abantu baseMexico. Izindaba ezifana nezimpi eziqhubekayo ngenxa yezempi, ukushoda ekufundiseni kanye nokungalingani ezikhundleni zomphakathi kwakungezinye zezindaba ezazigqama kakhulu.
U-El Zarco, uthathwa njengomsebenzi ovelele kakhulu emibhalweni yakhe. Njengoba inezici zayo ezichaza ngokuphelele iMexico. Lo mbhali naye uzibambele mathupha ohlotsheni lwezinkondlo. Ngokwemvelo ihlanganisa izakhi zomculo.