Ukubukeka nezici zeManticore
Ukukhulunywa kokuqala okwaziwayo kwe-manticore kwashiywa kithi isazi-mlando esingumGreki nodokotela uCtesias, emsebenzini wakhe. Indica (yabhalwa ngekhulu lesi-XNUMX BC). Nokho Indica manje ilahlekile, abanye abalobi babika izingcezu zomsebenzi we-Ctesias, okusivumela ukuba sibe nencazelo ecacile ye-manticore. Elandisa lokho uPliny Omdala akuloba kweyakhe Umlando Wezemvelo:
UCtesias ubhala ukuthi phakathi kwala madoda afanayo kunesilwane esibizwa ngokuthi UMantichora onezinhlu ezintathu zamazinyo njengekama, ubuso nezindlebe zomuntu, namehlo aluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka. Ibomvu ngombala nomzimba webhubesi nomsila owenziwe ngezintinyela njengofezela. Iphimbo lakhe likhumbula imisindo yomtshingo exutshwe naleyo yecilongo futhi uyisidalwa esinejubane elikhulu nesishisekela inyama yomuntu. (8.75)
Ukulandisa kukaPliny kwe-manticore kwaba nethonya kubabhali bakamuva. Kwabonakala kunikeza lesi silo ukubukeka okungokoqobo, njengoba amakhulu eminyaka uPliny ebhekwa njengochwepheshe omkhulu wezilwane ngendlela emangalisayo njengoba beyinqaba.
I-Manticore yayidume ngokungashiyi mkhondo wezisulu zayo.
Kwakukholelwa ukuthi i-morphology ye-manticore ithathwe endaweni eyakhiwe kuyo: i izindawo ezinokhahlo neziwugwadule kusukela ezingwadule zaseNdiya naseMpumalanga Ephakathi. Kwakudingeka ibe nolaka futhi ibe nezikhali ukuze ibambe inyamazane yayo futhi igweme ukuzingelwa izilwane ezizingelayo. Ekuqaleni izingela izilwane ezinjengezingulube zasendle kanye ne-ibex, i-manticore yaqala ukudonswa emadolobheni izinkomo eyayizizingela futhi ngokungagwemeki yaqala ukuhlasela nokudla abantu, ngaleyo ndlela yaqala inganekwane yayo.
I-manticore ayishiyanga mkhondo wempango yayo. Angahlasela umuntu eduze ngezinzipho ezibukhali noma ukudubula imicibisholo enobuthi kusukela emsileni wawofezela kude. Lapho edubula le micibisholo, umsila wakhe wawugobela emuva noma ube mude. Umbhali ongumRoma u-Aelian (175-235 AD) wakusho lokho "konke elikushayayo kuyalibulala, ngaphandle kwezindlovu". Izintinyelo ezinobuthi zichazwa njengeziwugqinsi njengentambo kanye nobude obungamasentimitha angama-30. Njalo lapho ekhipha udosi, elinye lalikhula endaweni yalo.
Ngempango angibanga nakwanele
Ama-Manticores awazange anelise izifiso zawo ngokubulala umuntu, wona baxosha abantu abaningi ngesikhathi esisodwa, ejabulela ukuzingela kakhulu. Indlela yayo ekhethwayo yokuyenga nokuzingela inyamazane kwakuwukufihla isidumbu sayo otshanini, ukuze bonke abantu babone lapho bekude khona kwakuyikhanda lomuntu. Bekhohliswe kanjalo, abantu babesondela emkhawulweni wezandla futhi, ngaphambi kokuqaphela okwenzekayo, babezohlaselwa futhi babulawe. Lokhu kwabonisa ukuthi i-manticore yayinobuqili futhi ihlakaniphe kangakanani. Nakuba ngokungangabazeki abantu babeyizisulu zayo ezizithandayo, i-manticore yayizingela izilwane, ngaphandle kwebhubesi elalingeke likwazi ukulinqoba.
Ukuze kunqandwe isimo esinolaka sama-manticores, amaNdiya kuthiwa ayekwenza zazingela amazinyane azo ngokwephula imisila. ukubavimbela ekukhuleni futhi badubule imicibisholo yabo enobuthi. Ama-Manticores ayehlala emigodini ejulile lapho ayekwazi ukucasha khona ezilwaneni ezidla ezinye nakubantu.
Umsuka kanye nezincazelo okungenzeka
I-manticore kukholakala ukuthi inemvelaphi eNdiya nasePheresiya lasendulo. Eminye imithombo ithi isuka ezinganekwaneni zasendulo zasePheresiya, kuyilapho eminye iphikisa ngokuthi iyisidalwa saseNdiya. Ngokusho kuka-Aelian kweyakhe izici zezilwane, "UCtesias uthi usibonile isidalwa esinjalo silethwa enkosini yasePheresiya njengesipho.(4.21). Abanye ababhali bayasisekela lesi simangalo, bathi nakuba uCtesias eqala ukubona lesi sidalwa ePheresiya, sasidabuka eNdiya. Ngakho-ke, mhlawumbe kulungile ukusho ukuthi kwavela ezincwadini zasePheresiya, kodwa kamuva kwethulwa njengesidalwa sezinganekwane zaseNdiya.
Noma kunjalo UPliny Omdala wakwamukela ukuba khona kwe-manticore njengeqiniso, noma kunjalo kubonakala kweyakhe Umlando Wemvelo, abanye ababhali akanye nabo abazange besabe ukulahla lesi sidalwa njengembudane emsulwa, besikisela ukuthi lokho uCtesias akubona kwakungesinye isilwane. Ngokwesibonelo, kweyakho Incazelo yeGrisi, isazi-mlando esingumGreki nesazi sokuma kwezwe uPausanias uqhathanisa i-manticore nengwe futhi uzama ukunikeza incazelo enengqondo yomsuka wawo:
Ku-akhawunti kaCtesias, eNdiya kunesilwane esibizwa ngokuthi i-martichora ngamaNdiya futhi '.idla indoda' ngamaGreki, kodwa ngicabanga ukuthi ibhekisela ku-tiger. Inemigqa emithathu yamazinyo ekhothameni ngalinye kanye nodosi esihlokweni somsila wayo. Uzivikela ngala ma-spikes ekulweni okuseduze, bese ewakhipha njengomcibisholo womcibisholo lapho elwa buqamama. Ngicabanga ukuthi ukwesaba okweqile kwesilo kuholele ekutheni amaNdiya abe nombono ongalungile ngaso. (9.21.4)
UFlavius Philostratus no-Aristotle
Ngekhulu lesi-II AD. C., umlobi ongumGreki uFlavius Philostratus (c. 170-245 AD) bathi i-manticore "i-frottola", okungukuthi, umculo ongcolile, ongasho lutho ( Ukuphila kuka-Apollonius waseTyana , 3.45).
U-Aristotle (384-322 BC), yena kanye noPliny Omdala naye owayebhekwa njengegunya elikhulu phakathi neNkathi Ephakathi, waphika ubukhona bezidalwa eziyingxubevange. Uveze ukuthi izilwane ezahlukene kangaka bezingeke zikwazi ukuzalana ngempumelelo. Nokho, lokhu akuzange kukuthene amandla ukwanda kokuthandwa kwezilo eziyingxube eziqhubeka nokuvela kwezobuciko nezincwadi.
UBartholomew Anglico noBrunetto Latino
Ngekhulu leshumi nantathu, umfundi waseParis, uBartholomew Anglico, waqhathanisa i-manticore nebhere futhi wayibeka eNdiya kweyakhe I-proprietatibus rerum (Mayelana nokuhleleka kwezinto). Isazi saseNtaliyane uBrunetto Latino wasihlukanisa nezinye izidalwa ezidla inyama njengempisi nempisi kuyi-encyclopedia yaso. U-Li Livres dou Trésor (incwadi yomcebo).
Amazinyo avelele e-manticore kanye nokubiza okungajwayelekile kubangele ababhali bakudala nabanamuhla ukuthi bayiqhathanise ne imfesi Afrika. Nakuba umsila wayo omude nesivinini kwakusikisela ukuthi yayibukeka njengengulule. Isimo Sakhe esesabekayo nothando lwakhe lwenyama yomuntu kungenzeka ukuthi lwalumane lumelele ukwesaba into engaziwa neyinqaba.
Izethulo
Phakathi neNkathi Ephakathi, i-manticore yayiyindawo yezilwane. ngokuvamile wavela njengoba umhlobiso emasontweni enkathi ephakathi, efanekisela uJeremiya, umprofethi ongumJuda owaxwayisa ngenhlekelele. Ngekhulu le-XNUMX, ama-manticores nawo ayesetshenziswa e-heraldry; nokho, lokhu kuthambekela akuzange kuhlale isikhathi eside njengoba kwakucatshangwa ukuthi imelela ububi, umbono owawusakazeke kabanzi phakathi nenkathi ephakathi.
Imifanekiso ye-manticore ingatholakala kumephu ye-Hereford (imephu yenkathi ephakathi yomhlaba owaziwayo), lapho iboniswa ibhekene nengwe.
INkosi u-Arthur
E-Runkelstein Castle (etholakala e-Tirol) kunomfanekiso oqoshiwe obonisa omunye wamaqhawe eNkosi u-Arthur ebhekene ne-manticore nesinye isilwane (ibhubesi noma ingwe). Ku indaba yezilwane ezinemilenze emine Ngu-Edward Topsell (1572-1625), incazelo ye-manticore ihambisana nokuqoshwa kwezinkuni lapho amazinyo ayo asabekayo ebonakala ngokucacile.
Phakathi nekhulu le-336 nele-323, i-manticore kukhulunywa ngayo kwezothando eziningana mayelana no-Alexander Omkhulu (r. XNUMX-XNUMX BC), lapho ehlasela khona ibutho laseMakedoniya nezinye izidalwa ezimbi.
Futhi ezincwadini...
Ama-Manticores ngokuqinisekile awaphuthelwa ngisho nasezincwadini nemidlalo yamanje yesimanjemanje. I-manticore ingatholakala kuhlelo lokuqala lwe Bacushiwe emigodini, Dragons (1974) nakumdlalo wamakhadi aqoqekayo Umlingo: Ukubutha (1993).
Ochungechungeni lwezincwadi zikaRick Riordon UPercy Jackson kanye no-Olympian Gods, uDkt Thorn, isitha seqhawe uPercy Jackson, angashintsha abe manticore efakwe umsila we-scorpion. Umnqobi kaNobel u-Salman Rushdie wethula i-manticore esahlukweni sokuqala sodumo lwakhe Amavesi kaSathane (1988).
I-manticore nayo ivela ochungechungeni oluthandwa kakhulu UHarry Potter nguJK Rowling. Eyodwa UHarry Potter nesiboshwa sase-Azkaban(2004), abalingiswa abaqavile bafunde nge-manticore ebibulala abantu. Okwamanje ku UHarry Potter neGoblet yoMlilo (2005), u-Hagrid uwela i-manticore nenkalankala yomlilo ukuze akhe uhlobo olusha lwesilwane olubizwa ngokuthi i-skrewt.
Kuyathakazelisa ukuthi akuwona wonke ama-manticores wenganekwane avezwe njengezilo zasendle: kunoveli ka-E. Nesbit incwadi yamadragons, elinye lamaqhawe asemasha lisiza ukuphunyuka kwe-manticore eyesabekayo futhi emnene ku-bestiary.