Iyini i-Solar System Orbit? Umlando, Izinhlobo nokunye

I-Orbit iqukethe umzila okuthi into esesimisweni sonozungezilanga inawo ezungeze enye, njengawo wonke amaplanethi azungeze iLanga. Esihlokweni esilandelayo sizofunda okwengeziwe ngokuthi imizila ihlanganisani. I-Solar System Orbits nokunye okuningi

Emkhakheni wefiziksi, incazelo ye-orbit iqukethe i-trajectory into ebonakalayo ebhekisela kuyo eduze kwenye ngenkathi ingaphansi kwethonya lamandla amaphakathi anamandla, afana namandla adonsela phansi.

historia

Iqala ngegalelo elikhulu lezibalo likaJohannes Kepler, obezoba ngumuntu owakhe imiphumela emihle yemithetho emi-3 yePlanetary Motion eyenziwe nguyena, ethi:

• Umthetho wokuqala ka-Kleper Wokunyakaza Kweplanethi: Kulapho aveza khona ukuthi imigudu yawo wonke amaplanethi angaphakathi kwesimiso sonozungezilanga iba elliptical futhi awawona ayisiyingi noma, uma ehluleka, ama-epicycle, njengoba kwakucatshangwa ngaphambili nokuthi iLanga lalikwenye yezindawo eligxile kuzo hhayi njengawo wonke umuntu. ucabanga ukuthi Iphakathi nendawo yokuzungeza kwamaplanethi.

• Umthetho wesibili ka-Kleper Wokunyakaza Kweplanethi: Kulapho echaza khona ukuthi ijubane le-orbital yeplanethi ngayinye alivamile, njengoba kwakukholelwa futhi, kodwa ukuthi ijubane leplanethi lizoncika ohlotsheni lwendlela phakathi kweplanethi neLanga.

• Umthetho wokuqala ka-Kleper Wokunyakaza Kweplanethi: Kulapho u-Kepler athola khona uhlobo lokuhlobana ngendlela yendawo yonke phakathi kwalokho okuyizici ze-orbital zeplanethi ngayinye ezungeza iLanga. Kuleyo naleyo planethi, indlela ephakathi kwayo ne-Sol cubed (Ibanga ³), kuvame ukukalwa ngamayunithi ezinkanyezi, lokhu kufana naso endabeni yenkathi yeplanethi eyisikwele (Inkathi Yeplanethi ²), okukalwa ngeminyaka yoMhlaba.

U-Isaac Newton odumile wayengumuntu owabonisa ukuthi imithetho kaJohannes Kepler omkhulu yayivela emfundisweni kaNewton yamandla adonsela phansi nokuthi, ngokuvamile, imigudu yendikimba ngayinye eyayivame ukusabela emandleni adonsela phansi yayiyizingxenye eziwuchungechunge.

Ngakho-ke u-Isaac Newton ngokwakhe uphinde waveza ukuthi imizimba emi-2 iyaqhubeka emigudwini yayo yobukhulu evamise ukulinganisa ngokuphambene nobuningi bayo mayelana nokuthi iyini isikhungo sabo esivamile sesisindo. Lapho umzimba owodwa uba mkhulu kakhulu futhi ube nesisindo esikhulu kunomunye, uhlobo lwengqungquthela lwenziwa lapho isikhungo soquqaba ngalunye sithathwa sibe indawo emaphakathi yomzimba enesisindo esikhulu kakhulu. enkulu noma enkulu.

Ngolwazi lwemizila ukuthi singakwazi ukufunda, isibonelo, mayelana Ukunyakaza komhlaba, yingakho kubalulekile ukwazi Iyini i-orbit? nakho konke okuhlobene nakho.

Imizila Yeplanethi

Ngaphakathi yini isistimu yeplanethi eyakhiwe:

• Amaplanethi
• Amaplanethi amancane
• Izinkanyezi
• izinkanyezi ezinomsila
• I-Space Junk

Wonke azungeza inkanyezi eyinhloko enkulu kuSolar System yethu, okungukuthi, iLanga. Isibonelo, indaba yenkanyezi enomsila esendleleni ebizwa ngokuthi i-parabolic noma eyaziwa nangokuthi i-hyperbolic ezungeze inkanyezi eyinhloko noma emaphakathi okungaba ILanga, alinaso isixhumanisi samandla adonsela phansi nenkanyezi eshiwo ngakho-ke ngeke kubhekwe njengengxenye yalesi simiso seplanethi yenkanyezi eyinhloko.

Inkanyezi enomsila ene-hyperbolic orbits ecacile ayizange ibonwe ngaphakathi kweSolar System. Imizimba enamandla adonsela phansi enoxhumano neplanethi ngayinye yesimiso seplanethi, kungakhathaliseki ukuthi ingeyokwenziwa noma yemvelo, iyona eyenza lokho okubizwa ngokuthi ama-elliptical orbits azungeze iplanethi.

Ngenxa yokuphazamiseka kwamazwe amabili adonsela phansi, ukugqama komgudu ngamunye weplanethi kuvame ukuhluka ngokuhamba kweminyaka. I-Planet Mercury, okuyiplanethi encane kunazo zonke Kuwo wonke Uhlelo Lwelanga, inomjikelezo ohluke kakhulu ngokungafani neminye. Okulandelayo yi-Mars the Red planet, kuyilapho amanye amaplanethi ane-eccentricity encane eba:

• iplanethi ye-venus
• iplanethi neptune

Ngaleso sikhathi lapho izinto ezi-2 ziza ku-orbit phakathi kwazo, okuthiwa i-Periastron iqukethe ukweqisa kokuqala lapho izinto zombili zizosondelana khona futhi endabeni ye-apoastron ebizwa ngokuthi i-apoastron yilapho zombili izinto zihlangene. kude komunye nomunye ngangokunokwenzeka.

Esimeni se-orbithi eyi-elliptical, indawo emaphakathi yobuningi besistimu phakathi kwento ezungezayo kanye nento eyi-orbiter itholakala kokuthi 1 we-foci yanoma iyiphi i-orbit, kungekho okunye phakathi.

Ngesikhathi lapho enye yamaplanethi isondela kulokho okubizwa ngokuthi i-periastron, iplanethi ikhulisa isivinini sayo. Okuphambene nalokho, ukuthi lapho iplanethi isondela ku-apoastro yayo, bese yehlisa ukushuba kwejubane layo.

Incazelo enembile

Kunezindlela ezimbalwa zokuchaza ukuthi kuyini ukusebenza kwe-orbit, ezinye zazo yilezi ezilandelayo:

• Uma into (iPlanethi, i-asteroid, inkanyezi enomsila, isathelayithi, phakathi kokunye) ihamba ngokugobile, iwela kwenye into ezungezayo. Nokho, ihamba ngokushesha kangangokuthi ukugoba kwento ezungezayo eshiwo kuzowela ngaphansi kwayo ngaso sonke isikhathi.

• Amandla anamandla, anjengamandla adonsela phansi, anesibopho sokudonsa into ibanga eligobile kuyilapho ezama ukuyigcina isendleleni eqondile.

• Uma into ifika iwe, isuka ohlangothini ngokushesha kakhulu njengoba inesivinini esidingekayo ukuze ikwazi ukugwema into ezungezayo.

Esinye sezibonelo ezisetshenziswa kakhulu ukukhombisa ukuzungeza iplanethi yiNewton's Canyon. Kulesi sibonelo sizocabanga ngenganono etholakala esiqongweni sentaba ezodubula amabhola enganono anomumo ovundlile.

Kuzodingeka ukuthi intaba ingabi nokuphakama okuphezulu kakhulu ukuze kugwenywe ukuthi uyini umkhathi wasemhlabeni futhi ngendlela efanayo ukwazi ukungayinaki imiphumela ebangelwa ukungqubuzana kwebhola likanoni.

Uma le inganono ibidubula ibhola elinesigaba sejubane eliphansi lokuqala, indlela yebhola ibizogoba bese ishayisana nomhlabathi (A). Ukwandisa isivinini sokuqala, ibhola le-canon lizoshayisana nomhlaba kodwa kulokhu likude kakhulu ukusuka ku-cannon (B), ngoba umsila okwamanje uyehla, ubuso bomhlaba nawo uzogoba.

Lokhu kunyakaza kuchazwa ngobuchwepheshe njengama-orbits, ngoba achaza uhlobo oluthile lweziqondiso eziyizigaxa ezizungeze isikhungo samandla adonsela phansi, nokho, okuphazamiseka ngesikhathi sokushayisana neplanethi engumhlaba. Uma ibhola le-canon beliqhunyiswa ngesivinini esikhulu, umhlaba ubungagoba ngokwanele njengoba ibhola liwa, ngendlela yokuthi ibhola lingalokothi lingqubuzane nomhlaba.

Kumelwe kushiwo ukuthi yenza i-orbit ngaphandle kwanoma yiluphi uhlobo lokuphazamiseka noma ngaphandle kokuwela. Ngakho singagqamisa ukuthi kunejubane elithile elizokhiqiza i-orbit eyindilinga (C) endaweni ngayinye yobude obungaphezu kwaleyo ndawo emaphakathi namandla adonsela phansi.

Uma ijubane lokuqhunyiswa likhuphuka kakhulu ngaphezu kwaleso sivinini, khona-ke kuzokhiqizwa ama-orbits angama-elliptical (D). Ngesivinini esiphezulu kakhulu, ibizwa ngokuthi i-Escape velocity, ezophinde incike esigabeni sobude lapho ibhola liqhunyiswa khona, okubangelwa i-orbit engapheli (E) okokuqala, yesigaba se-parabolic futhi ngokushesha kakhulu kune-hyperbolic. ikilasi.

Endabeni yezigaba ezi-2 zemizila engapheli, ngenxa yalokho, into iyakwazi ukuphunyuka kulokho okunamandla adonsela phansi eplanethi futhi iya emkhathini ngaphandle kwanoma iyiphi indlela.

Ukuhlaziywa kokunyakaza kwe-Orbital

Sizokwenza ukuhlaziya mayelana nokuthi kuyini ukunyakaza kwe-orbital yesimiso sonozungezilanga, siqala ngenkolelo-mbono yakudala eyaziwa kakhulu ka-Isaac Newton, bese sidlulela ku-Einstein's Relativistic Theory futhi kamuva siqhubekela phambili ekuhlaziyeni imizila icala le-Newtonian kanye ne-Orbits ecaleni le-relativistic.

I-Classical Theory of the Orbit ka-Isaac Newton

Ohlotsheni lwesistimu enemizimba emi-2 kuphela ethonywa amandla adonsela phansi kuphela, imizila ingabalwa ngemithetho eyaziwa kakhulu kaNewton futhi ngendlela efanayo nangomthetho ka-Einstein wokudonsela phansi kwendawo yonke othi: Isamba sawo wonke amandla. izolingana nokuthi iyini izikhathi eziningi ngesivinini.

Amandla adonsela phansi ajwayele ukulingana nomkhiqizo ngamunye wenqwaba futhi ngokuphambene alingane nesikwele sendlela (lolu hlobo lokubala yilo olushaya indiva yonke imithelela encane efana nokuma kanye nobukhulu bendlela ngayinye. yemizimba, engavamile ukuhambisana, uma le mizimba izungeza ebangeni elikhulu kakhulu uma iqhathaniswa nobukhulu bayo futhi ngale ndlela kungenzeka ukuthi ungayinaki imiphumela ehlobene nayo emincane kakhulu ezimweni ezijwayelekile zeSolar System) .

Ukuze wenze izibalo ngayinye, kulula ukukwazi ukuchaza ukuthi yikuphi ukunyakaza okusohlotsheni lwesistimu yokuxhumanisa egxile kulokho isikhungo sokudonsela phansi kwesistimu. Uma omunye wemizimba uba mkhulu kakhulu kunomunye, isikhungo samandla adonsela phansi ngokuvamile sizoqondana nohlobo lwesikhungo somzimba esisinda kakhulu, ngakho-ke kungathathwa ngokuthi umzimba olula iwona ozungeza osinda kakhulu.

Ithiyori ka-Isaac Newton iqukethe leyo ememezela ukuthi enkingeni enemizimba emi-2, i-orbit enomzimba ongu-1 iba uhlobo oluthile lwesigaba se-conic. I-orbit ingavuleka ngisho, uma into eshiwo ingabuyi, noma uma ivalwa, uma kwenzeka le nto ibuya, yonke into izoncika engqikithini yamandla e-kinetic kanye namandla esistimu ewusebenzisayo into yeplanethi.

I-Einstein's Relativistic Theory

Kuyaziwa ukuthi inkolelo-mbono ye-relativistic iphikisana kakhulu nalokho okuyinkolelo-mbono ye-Newtonian of gravitation, njengoba isenzo sendlela esheshayo senzeka ekuqaleni. Lokhu kanye nezinye izizathu eziningi yizo ezashukumisa u-Einstein ngokwakhe ekufuneni ithiyori evamile eyagcina yaziwa ngokuthi I-Theory of General Relativity ngokuvamile ehlanganisa uhlobo olufanele lokumelelwa kwe-relativistic kokuthi uyini umkhakha wamandla adonsela phansi.

Kulo mbono, isimo senqwaba etholakala emkhathini sizogoba isikhathi sesikhala ngendlela yokuthi ijometri yayo iyeke ukuba yi-Euclidean nakuba iqhubeka nokuba yi-Euclidean engaphezulu noma ngaphansi uma kuthiwa ubuningi kanye nesivinini somzimba ngamunye. woza ukuzothatha amanani athile afana nalawo abonwa ngeso lengqondo ohlelweni lwethu sonozungezilanga.

Okubizwa ngokuthi ama-orbits amaplanethi ngokuvamile awawona ama-conical section aqinile, kodwa kunalokho amajika e-geodesic, okungukuthi, awuhlobo lomugqa we-curvature encane, kulokho okuyi-geometry egobile yesikhala nesikhathi. Le thiyori ayibi ngomugqa, ngokuvamile kuyindaba yokwenza izibalo nayo, isibonelo, ukuze ukwazi ukuthola umphumela wenkinga yemizimba emi-2 enobuningi obufanayo.

Okunye esingakufunda mayelana le Iziphuphutheki zeJupiter, lokho abizwa ngakho, ukuthi iyini imigudu yawo nokunye okuningi ngawo.

Kodwa-ke, endabeni yezinhlelo zamaplanethi njengeSistimu sethu Solar, lapho inkanyezi emaphakathi, okuyiLanga, imvamisa iba nkulu kakhulu kunamaplanethi asele, ngakho ukugoba kwesikhala / isikhathi esizibophezele ekuqondeni Ilanga, lokhu uma kuqhathaniswa namanye amaplanethi futhi ngaleyo ndlela singacabanga ukuthi zonke ezinye izinto zincane kakhulu futhi zihamba ngokuvumelana ne-geodesic geometry egotshwe yiLanga ngokwalo.

Odabeni lwamanani akhona ngaphakathi kweSolar System yethu, imiphumela yobuningi balokho iTheory ka-Einstein eyikho, isondele kakhulu ngokwezinombolo ikhuluma ngokuthi iyini iTheory kaNewton, okungukuthi, iTheory Newtonian, ngakho-ke lokhu kubangela ukuthi kuthethelelwe. izinjongo ezingokoqobo kakhulu zokusebenzisa ithiyori ye-Newtonian ngokuvamile elula kakhulu yokukhuluma ngekhompyutha.

Kodwa-ke, inkolelo-mbono kaNewtonian ayikakwazi ukuchaza izinhlobo ezithile zamaqiniso axazululwe ngethiyori ka-Einstein ye-relativistic, phakathi kwayo imuphi umphumela wokuqhubekela phambili kwe-perihelion, ikakhulukazi iplanethi iMercury, eye yalawula. ukuze kuchazwe ngokulinganisa okuhle kakhulu kwethiyori ka-Albert Einstein ye-relativistic, nokho, akunakwenzeka ngemfundiso kaNewton.

Ama-Orbits Ekesini LaseNewtonian

Ukuze kuhlaziywe ukuthi kuyini ukunyakaza kwenqwaba ngaphansi kwethonya lamandla amakhulu ahamba ngaso sonke isikhathi asuka endaweni engashintshiwe, into ezuzisa kakhulu ukusetshenziswa yizixhumanisi zezigxobo lapho imvelaphi yazo ihambisana nalezo ze isikhungo amandla uqobo. Kulolu hlelo lokuxhumanisa, izingxenye ze-radial neziguquguqukayo zimi kanje:

Ngenxa yokuthi la mandla anemisebe ngokuphelele nokuthi ukusheshisa kuhambisana nala mandla, kuzosho ukuthi ijubane eliphambene lilingana no-(0) ziro.

Okuphumela kokuthi: 

Ngemuva kokuhlanganiswa, okulandelayo kuzotholakala:

,

okuwuhlobo lobufakazi bethiyori bokuthi uyini uMthetho wesi-2 ka-Kepler. I-Constant of integration I iba yithuba eliyi-angular ngeyunithi ngayinye yesisindo. Lapho,

Lapho okuhlukile okungeziwe kwe:

 

Amandla eradial aba ngu-f(r) izikhathi ubunye okungukuthi a_r, ngemva kokususa ukuhluka kwesikhathi engxenyeni yeradial yezibalo ezishiwo, ezitholwayo,

Endabeni yamandla adonsela phansi, umthetho wendawo yonke wamandla adonsela phansi owenziwe u-Isaac Newton yiwo othi amandla ashintshashintsha abe isikwele se-trajectory,

Lapho (G) iba ukungaguquki kwamandla adonsela phansi emhlabeni wonke, (m) isisindo somzimba ozungezayo futhi (M) iqukethe isisindo somzimba omaphakathi. Ukufaka esikhundleni kule equation engenhla, sithola,

Endabeni yamandla adonsela phansi, umqondo ongakwesokudla se-equation eshiwo uzoba uhlobo lokungaguquki futhi isibalo sizofana ne-harmonic equation. I-equation eyenzelwe i-orbit echazwa yizinhlayiyana iqukethe okulandelayo:

Lapho p,e kanye no-θ₀ kuba yizinto ezingaguquki zokuhlanganisa,

Uma ipharamitha (e) iba ngaphansi kuka-1, khona-ke (e) iba yi-eccentricity futhi (a) iba i-eksisi emaphakathi enkulu yohlobo lwe-ellipse. Ngokuvamile, ingakwazi ukuqashelwa njengesibalo sesigaba sekhonikhi kuzixhumanisi zezigxobo (r,θ).

Ama-orbits ecaleni le-Relativistic

Manje, endabeni yethiyori ye-relativistic, inkinga yemizimba emi-2 ingaxazululwa kusetshenziswa ukuthi siyini isisombululo se-Schwarzschild, okuyinkundla yamandla adonsela phansi esungulwe umzimba ongu-1 onekilasi le-symmetry eyindilinga. I-orbit yeplanethi ngesikhathi sesikhala iba i-geodesic ye-Schwarzschild's metric.

I-orbit etholiwe ingaba, kusukela ohlotsheni lwe-geodesic yalokho okuyimethrikhi ye-Schwarzschild yayo, okulingana lapho izinhlayiya zizoqaphela isivinini esisebenza kahle somsakazo esinikezwe yilokhu okulandelayo:

Lapho ihlukaniswa kanje:

• g c Ingaguquguquki amandla adonsela phansi endaweni yonke kanye nesivinini sokukhanya.

• r, iba yi-Schwarzschild radial coordinate.

• l, umfutho we-angular ojikelezayo weplanethi ngeyunithi yesisindo.

I-constants of movement ixhunywe namandla kanye nomfutho we-angular, okuyilezi:

I-equation yokunyakaza yenza ukuguqulwa kuka-u = 1/r, njengakusimo sakudala, lapho kuba kanje:

Kuplanethi ngayinye eyingxenye ye-Solar System, ukulungiswa kwe-relativistic okunikezwa ihlandla lesi-3 lelungu lesi-2 ngokuvamile kuncane kakhulu uma kuqhathaniswa neminye imigomo. Ukuze ubonise konke lokhu, kulula ukubeka uhlobo lwepharamitha engena-dimensionless engaba: ∈ = 2 (GM/cl)² nokwenza izinga lokushintshisana elisha lokuguquguquka ū = ul² / GM ngokuthi iyini i-equation yokunyakaza okungase kubhalwe kabusha ngale ndlela elandelayo:

Kuphi:

Odabeni lweplanethi iMercury, ipharamitha _∈ iqukethe inani eliphezulu kanye nenani okufinyelelwa kulo ∈ = 5,09. 10 ^-8.

Nokho, ubuncane begama elishiwo lisho ukuthi ukulungiswa kwe-relativistic yizo ezikhiqiza izilungiso ezincane kuphela futhi ngenxa yaleso sizathu umbono kaNewton, obizwa ngokuthi iNewtonian, unikeza izilinganiso ezinhle kangako zalokho isimiso sonozungezilanga esiyikho. Ibheka impande ngayinye yomsebenzi ƒ (ū), lapho ubuncane bepharamitha eshiwo bucatshangelwa, obulandelayo:

Endabeni yokujikeleza kwamaplanethi, angasungulwa ngo-ū₁ <wu <u₂ icala u > u₃ okungafakiwe njengoba lokhu kusho ukuthi uhlamvu luzowela eLangeni ū → ∞. Isixazululo se-equation sinikezwa ngokulandelayo:

Lolu hlobo lokuhlanganisa lungancishiswa lube yi-elliptic integral ngokushintsha okuguquguqukayo ukusuka ku-v = ū₁ + 1/t², kuzoba kanje:

kuzo yiwaphi² = 1/ (u₂ - noma₁), b² = 1/ (u₃ - noma₁). Ngokusebenzisa enye yemisebenzi ebizwa nge-elliptic Jacobi, okubalulekile kungaqedwa ngokuthi: ∈ ^1/2 θ = bns ^-1 (t/a) ngemojula enikezwe ngu-k = √ b/a, kusetshenziswa lolu hlobo lomphumela wesibalo se-orbit engatholwa:

Kuphi:

K² = 2 e∈ + XNUMX (isib²), iba yimojula yayo yonke imisebenzi eyi-elliptic Jacobi ye-orbit. Uma ∈ = 0, lokhu kusho ukuthi A = 1 – e, B = 2e, n = ½, k = 0 futhi kuleso simo ukuzungeza kweplanethi kuncishiswe ngokuphelele esimweni sethiyori ye-Newtonian yakudala:

Ukuthi kuwuhlobo lwe-ellipse of eccentricity e. I-relativistic orbit, nokho, ayivamisile ukuba ngezikhathi ezithile, kodwa i-quasi-ellipse ezungeza ngokushelelayo eLangeni. Lokhu kwaziwa ngokuthi i-perihelion advance evamise ukugqama kakhulu, ikakhulukazi kuPlanethi Mercury.

Kusukela kusiphi isisombululo sezibalo zangaphambilini, i-perihelion yenzeka kokuthi θ = K/n futhi inani elilandelayo elinikezwe lona liba θ = 3 K/n lapho u-k engu-¼ wenkathi, eqalwe ngakho i-elliptic. okuyingxenye yohlobo loku-1 oluphelele, lapho phakathi kwama-perihelions angu-2 i-engeli ezungeziwe ingabi ngu-2 π kodwa isigaba senani esikhulu kancane kuno:

Odabeni lwePlanethi Mercury ene-∈ = 5, 09. 10^-8 inqubekelaphambili ye-perihelion ebonisiwe ikwazi ukuba ngu-41.07” ngekhulu leminyaka, ngokuvamile isikhathi sayo siyizinsuku ezingaba ngu-88, ngokuvamile okuyinani lokuhlola elingu-42.98” ngekhulu leminyaka. Yilolu hlobo lwesivumelwano olwasungula impumelelo enkulu yasekuqaleni yethiyori eyafika yawunikeza ukugunyazwa okubanzi.

Baningi ongoti kulo mkhakha abasaqhubeka nokuphikisana ngokuthi yini I-athikili Yokudalulwa Kwesayensi Yesistimu Yelanga, lapho umjikelezo wesimiso sonozungezilanga kanye nenye yezinto eziwuhlanganisayo zisungulwa ngokuyinhloko.

Isikhathi se-Orbital

Inkathi ebizwa ngokuthi i-orbital iqukethe ubude besikhathi esithathwa yinto yasemkhathini noma iplanethi ukuze ikwazi ukwenza ngokuphelele umjikelezo wayo (uma sikhuluma ngento ethile, sibhekisela kumaplanethi, izinyanga, amasathelayithi, phakathi kokunye). Kunezigaba ezihlukene zezikhathi ze-orbital zala maplanethi noma izinto ezizungeze iLanga:

• Eyokuqala: Inkathi Yaseceleni

Esokuqala yiSidereal Period, esihlanganisa isikhathi esisithathayo ukuze into iqedele ukuzungeza iLanga, mayelana namasathelayithi noma izinkanyezi. Lolu hlobo lwenkathi lubhekwa njengento eyiqiniso.

• Okwesibili: Inkathi Ye-Synodic

Eyesibili iqukethe i-Synodic Period, okuyisikhathi into ezophinde isithathe ukuze iziveze endaweni yokuqala emkhathini, mayelana nenkanyezi enkulu okuyiLanga, lapho ibukwa isuka eplanethini enguMhlaba. Lolu hlobo lwenkathi yilona oluqondanisa isikhathi phakathi kwezindlela ezi-2 eziqhubekayo futhi singasho futhi ukuthi isikhathi esiqanjiwe se-orbital sento eshiwo. Lesi sikhathi sihlukile kunesokuqala ngoba umhlaba nawo uzungeza iLanga.

• Okwesithathu: Isikhathi se-Draconitic

I-Draconitic Period ihlanganisa isikhathi esizosithatha ukuze into efanayo idlule kabili endaweni eyinodi yayo ekhuphukayo, okuyiphoyinti lokuzungeza kwayo elinqamula i-ecliptic orbit ukusuka engxenyeni ye-southern hemisphere ukuya enyakatho. Lolu hlobo lwenkathi luhlukaniswa kuNkathi YokuQala Yaseceleni ngoba umugqa wamaqhuqhuva ngokuvamile uyahluka kancane.

• Okwesine: Isikhathi Sokungaboni ngaso linye

Eyesine i-Anomalistic Period, ehlanganisa isikhathi esizosithatha ukuze into efanayo idlule kabili endaweni ye-perihelion yayo, okuyindawo eseduze neLanga. Lesi sikhathi sesine sihluka eNkathini yokuqala ngenxa ye iqiniso lokuthi ama-nodule amakhulu nawo ashintsha kancane kancane.

• Okwesihlanu: Isikhathi Esishisayo

Okwesihlanu yiNkathi YaseTropiki, ehlanganisa isikhathi esizosithatha ukuze into efanayo idlule kabili endaweni yokwenyuka nje kukaziro (5). Lokhu kuvame ukuba mfishane kancane kunasesikhathini seSidereal Period yokuqala ngenxa yokwandulelwa kwalokho okubizwa ngokuthi ama-equinox.

Amapharamitha weJomethrikhi we-Orbit

Amapharamitha adingekayo ukuze kutholwe i-orbithi yilokho okubizwa ngokuthi ama-elementi e-orbital, kusetshenziswa uhlobo lwamamodeli angu-2-mass athobela imithetho yokunyakaza ka-Isaac Newton. Ngakho-ke kunezinhlobo ezingaba ngu-6 zamapharamitha ayisisekelo abalulekile, aziwa nangokuthi izakhi ze-Keplerian, ezihlonipha isazi sesayensi yemvelo esidumile u-Kepler futhi aqukethe okulandelayo:

• Ipharamitha Yokuqala: Ubude beNodi Ekhuphukayo = ( Ω )

• El Segundo Ipharamitha: I-pitch = (i)

• Owesithathu Ipharamitha: Ukungqubuzana okuvela ku-Perihelion = ( ω )

• Ipharamitha yesine: I-Semi Major Axis = (a)

• Ipharamitha yesihlanu: I-Eccentricity = (e)

• Ipharamitha Yesithupha: I-average Anomaly ye-Epoch = ( M_o )

Ngakolunye uhlangothi, ezinye izakhi ze-orbital ezisetshenziswa ngaphezu kwalokhu okungenhla yilezi:

• I-Anomaly yeqiniso = (v)

• I-Semi Minor Axis = (b)

• I-Linear Eccentricity = (∈)

• I-Eccentric Anomaly = (E)

• Ubude beqiniso = (l)

• Isikhathi se-Orbital = (T)

Izinhlobo Zemizila

Sizobheka ukuthi yiziphi izinhlobo zokuzungeza ezikhona ohlelweni lweSolar, ezihlukaniswe zaba ezimbili eziyinhloko okuyizi:

• Ngezici zayo.

• NgoMzimba wayo Omaphakathi.

Ngokwezici

Endabeni yokuhlukaniswa ngesici sayo kunezinhlobo ezingaba ngu-14 okuyizi:

• I-Cirling Orbit

• I-Ecliptic Orbit

• I-Elliptical Orbit

• I-Elliptical Orbit kakhulu noma i-Eccentric Orbit

• I-Graveyard Orbit

• I-Hohmann Transfer Orbit

• i-hyperbolic trajectory

• I-Orbit ehlanganisiwe

• i-parabolic trajectory

• Thatha i-Orbit

• I-Escape Orbit

• I-Semi-synchronous orbit

• I-Subsynchronous Orbit

• I-synchronous Orbit

Ngomzimba Ophakathi

Endabeni yokuhlukaniswa kwe-2, lokhu kusakazwa ngezigaba ezi-3 zemizila ethi:

• Imizila Yomhlaba

• I-Martian Orbits

• I-Lunar Orbits

• I-Solar Orbits

Imizila Yomhlaba

Endabeni yokuzungeza komhlaba kunezigaba eziyi-12 zokuzungeza okuyizi:

• I-Geocentric Orbit

• I-Geosynchronous Orbit

• I-Geostationary Orbit

• I-Geostationary Transfer Orbit

• I-Obhithi Yomhlaba Ephansi

• I-Medium Earth Orbit

• I-orbit ye-Molniya

• Eduze kwe-Equatorial Orbit

• umjikelezo wenyanga

• i-polar orbit

• I-Heliosynchronous Orbit

• I-Tundra Orbit

Imizila ye-Martian

Endabeni ye-Martian orbits kunezigaba ezi-2 kuphela zokuzungeza okuyizi:

• I-Areosynchronous Orbit

• I-Aerostationary Orbit

umjikelezo wenyanga

Endabeni ye-Lunar Orbit kukhona oku-1 kuphela okulandelayo:

• umjikelezo wenyanga

Uma ungazi ukuthi yini Ukunyakaza kwenyanga, Ungayithola ukuze ufunde ukuthi umjikelezo wenyanga unjani nokuthi usungulwa kanjani.

I-Solar Orbit

Endabeni ye-orbit yelanga, ngendlela efanayo ne-orbit yenyanga, kukhona u-1 kuphela, okungukuthi:

• I-Heliocentric Orbit