I-Jellyfish: ziyini futhi yiziphi izinhlobo ezikhona?

Kunezinhlobo eziningi ze-jellyfish eMedithera, kuye ngokuthi ikilasi esikhuluma ngalo ukuhlaba kwawo kungaba yingozi kakhulu noma kancane. Eminyakeni yamuva nje, inani lalesi silwane esine-gelatinous liye landa kakhulu, okubangela izinkinga ezinkulu ezintweni eziphilayo zasolwandle kanye nemvelo.

Ngokusho kochwepheshe, kubhekwa ukuthi isizathu esiyinhloko sokwanda kwe-jellyfish ukwehla kwenani lezilwane ezizidlayo (ikakhulukazi izimfudu) ngenxa yokudoba ngokweqile, ukungcola nokufudumala kolwandle. Kulesi sihloko sichaza izinhlobo eziningi ze-jellyfish eSpain kanye nemiphumela yokuluma kwazo.

Ziyini i-jellyfish?

Ziyizilwane ezingenamgogodla eziyingxenye yeqembu lama-cnidarians (knidé = nettle, kusukela esiGrekini). Iqembu lamaCnidarian lihlukaniswe ngamakilasi amane alandelayo:

• I-Hydrozoa: i-hydra, i-jellyfish encane kanye namanye amakoloni ama-polyps.
• I-Cubozoa: Ibhokisi le-jellyfish.
• I-Scyphozoa: I-jellyfish enkulu. Yikilasi esiliqaphela kakhulu njenge-jellyfish.
• Ama-Anthozoans: Ama-anemones namakhorali.

Anamaseli ahlabayo abizwa ngokuthi ama-cnidocytes, futhi uwasebenzise ukuze azivikele futhi azingele inyamazane. Ama-Cnidocyte azwela kakhulu. Atholakala ku-capsule enomucu ogoqekile, njengomugqa wokudoba, kanye nobuthi obungaphakathi. Lapho inyamazane ithinta ubuso be-jellyfish, i-capsule iyavuleka bese izintambo ziphuma futhi zinamathele esilwaneni, lapho ubuthi bujovwa khona. Ngeshwa, ngezinye izikhathi yenziwa isebenze ngokuthinta kwethu, nakuba singebona ngisho nokude okuhloswe i-jellyfish.

I-Jellyfish ibizwa nangokuthi i-aguamalas noma i-aguaviva. Futhi ziyizilwane ze-pelagic, okungukuthi, zihlala olwandle oluvulekile. Enye yezinto ezingavamile ukuthi zihudulwa imisinga yasolwandle, nakuba zingaqhutshwa zishintshe indlela kancane, ngenxa yesambulela sazo.

Ziyizilwane ezilinganisa ngokulinganayo, ukuba ngu-95% wamanzi okwakheka komzimba wakho, futhi izingxenye zayo eziyinhloko yilezi:

• isambulela
• I-Manubrium (noma amatende noma izingalo zomlomo). Amathente azungeza umlomo futhi awusiza ukuba udle.
• Amathenda ahlabayo. Yizona ezingaphandle kakhulu futhi yizo ezizisebenzisayo ukuzivikela nokuzingela.
• I-Gastrovascular cavity. Umgodi wangaphakathi onembobo eyodwa esebenza njengokubili ididi nomlomo, lapho ukugaya kwenzeka khona.

Kodwa i-jellyfish idla futhi izalane kanjani?

Ziyadla inyama futhi zingakhula ngokushesha futhi zihlangane ngobuningi lapho ukudla kuyinala. Kodwa uma ukudla kuyindlala, bangahlehla. Laba abancane abasikhumbuza kancane ngaleyo nqwaba ye-viscous evela ku-movie ethi Flubber, bane-anatomy engeyona inkimbinkimbi nhlobo. Ungakwazi ngisho nokubona ngomzimba wayo osobala inyamazane yayo yokugcina ngaphambi kokuba igaywe. Zidla kakhulu i-zooplankton, ama-crustaceans amancane kanye nama-minnows athile.

Ukuzalaniswa kwe-jellyfish yikhona okufisa ukwazi kakhulu. I-Jellyfish kanjalo inamadoda nabesifazane ngabanye,ukuba a ukukhiqizwa ngokocansi, ngokudedela isidoda namaqanda emanzini. Le nyunyana idala planula, okuyizibungu ze-jellyfish. I-planulae igxila engxenyeni yasolwandle futhi yakhe ama-polyps. I ama-polyps ngokusebenzisa i- ukukhiqizwa kwe-asexual, nika isithelo inqwaba ye-jellyfish encane ebizwa ngokuthi ama-ephyras, okuyokhula ngokuhamba kwesikhathi nokukhuliswa. Igama labo libangelwa ukuthi ziyi-ephemeral, njengoba lesi sigaba sithatha isikhathi esifushane kakhulu.

Yiziphi izilwane ezidla ezinye zemvelo ze-jellyfish?

Namuhla izilwane ezidla i-jellyfish ezaziwayo yilezi:

• I-Sunfish (Kakhulu)
• Izimfudu zasolwandle, ikakhulukazi i i-leatherback ufudu lwasolwandle (Dermochelys coriacea)
• Izinyoni zasolwandlenjengama-fulmars (Fulmarus)
• Whale shark (I-Rhincodon typus)
• abanye cizinkalankala, njengomcibisholo (I-Stenorhynchus seticornis) kanye nama-hermits (I-Paguroidea)
• Abanye Imikhomo, njenge-humpback noma i-hunchback (Megaptera novaeangliae)
• Amanye ama-cnidarians athanda anemones (i-actinaria)
• Abanye ama-nudibranch (i-nudibranch) noma ama-sea slugs, asebenzisa amangqamuzana ahlabayo e-jellyfish ukuze azivikele kwezinye izilwane ezidla ezinye!

I-jellyfish evame kakhulu ogwini lwaseSpain

uqinisekile ukuthi ubonile i-jellyfish ensundu ngezikhathi ezithile ogwini, kodwa Babizwa ngokuthini?Ingabe ukulunywa kwabo kuyakhathaza? Njengoba sazi ukuthi konke lokhu kungabaza kukuhlasela, ikakhulukazi ngezinsuku zasehlobo, sizokunikeza a uhlu nolwazi lwe-jellyfish evame kakhulu eSpain. Okokuqala sizobhala i-jellyfish njengalokhu, okungukuthi, lezo eziyingxenye ye-scyphozoan:

I-Cotylorhiza tuberculata

• ingeye-oda I-Rhizostomeaeikakhulukazi emndenini I-Cepheidae. Zibuye zibizwe ngokujwayelekile i-aguacuajada, i-jellyfish yeqanda ethosiwe noma i-curly acalefo.
• Babonakala ngoba benjalo i-jellyfish ensundu ephuzi, ngokuthinta okuluhlaza okotshani ngenxa ye-algae ethile ye-symbiotic abanayo ngaphakathi kanye ne-protuberance phakathi nombala osawolintshi onsundu, futhi isambulela saso sicaba.. Ngenxa ye-morphology yayo, yingakho yaziwa ngokuthi iqanda elithosiwe.
• Zinosayizi owodwa 20 kuya ku-25 cm ububanzi, 8 izingalo zomlomo embozwe uhlobo lwamathende amancane anezinkinobho ezimhlophe noma eziluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka. Nesambulela saso sihlukene saba 16 lobe, ihlukaniswe ngesikhathi esisodwa kwaba ngaphezu kwekhulu. Emaphethelweni esambulela sabo abanawo amatende.
• Ziyi-pelagic, ezihlala kokubili olwandle oluvulekile kanye nogu. Nakuba ngokuvamile kuvame ukwanda ogwini lapho ama-polyp abo engaqala khona. Kuyinto evamile ukuzibona e-Mar Menor, naseMedithera ehlobo nasekwindla.. Ebusika basuke kunalokho ngesimo polyps
• Ingozi yokuluma kwayo iphansi, ngokwengxenye ngenxa yokuthi amatende awo mafushane kakhulu futhi ngenxa yokuthi awanawo ama-cnidocyte (amaseli e-urticate). Ngakho-ke ungakhathazeki uma ikuhlaba, imiphumela yayo imnene kakhulu futhi ayibangeli lutho ngaphezu kokucasuka kwesikhumba kanye nesifuba. Kodwa-ke, kwezinye izimo, ukungezwani komzimba kungase kwenzeke.

Aurelia aurita

• ingeye-oda I-Semaeostomeae, Umndeni ulmaridae. Kuvame ukubizwa ngokuthi i-jellyfish yenyanga. Kuyifomu esilihlonza kangcono njenge-jellyfish.
• Bayakwazi ukukala kufika ku-25 cm ububanzi.
• Bafake isambulela dish shape, futhi izingalo emlonyeni wakhe kuqhume (amagagasi) futhi yinde kakhulu kunamatende amafushane asemaphethelweni esambulela sawo. Kusukela ekubukeni kwabo, kuyisici ukuthi uma ubabheka phezulu banezinhlobo ze-purple-violet "imbali enamacembe amane", okuyizitho zabo zokuzala futhi umbala wabo ojwayelekile ubonakala obala ngokuluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka.
• Ngokuvamile zihlala emanzini angashoni, emachwebeni nasezindaweni ezisogwini, ukuthuthuka kwazo kuba ngcono emanzini anebrackish.
• Azivami ukubonwa kakhulu ogwini lwaseSpain, zibonakala ikakhulukazi ezindaweni ezisogwini nasemachibini afana ne-Mar Menor, ama-fjords namatheku avaliwe lapho kungena khona amanzi aphakathi nezwe.
• Mayelana nengozi yayo, iphansi kakhulu..

I-Pelagia noctiluca

• okungowohlelo semacostomeae, Umndeni I-Pelagiidfuthi, baziwa ngokuthi i-jellyfish ye-luminescent.
• Bayakwazi ukukala ngaphezu kuka-20 cm ububanzi. Isambulela saso sine-a umumo we-hemispherical, kunalokho oyisicaba, onamatende omlomo amane amade, ama-scalloped futhi aqine kakhulu. Emaphethelweni esambulela sabo banaso 16 ithente ukuthi uma sebetshaliwe bakwazi ukufinyelela kuze kube ngaphezu kwamamitha angu-20 ubude!. Okuthile okuyisici salezi zidalwa ezinhle kodwa ezintinyela kakhulu ukuthi zinabo bonke ubuso (izingalo zomlomo, amatende kuhlanganise nesambulela) warts lapho ama-cnidocyte enqwabelana khona. Bane-a umbala obomvana obomvana, okubenza bamangale.
• Ziyi-pelagic futhi azinayo isigaba se-polyp njengezinye i-jellyfish. Njengoba behlala olwandle oluvulekile, kulapho ngokuvamile kubonwa khona izikole ezinkulu zalaba bantu. Ukuba yizikhathi zabo zokuzala entwasahlobo nasekwindla, ngakho lezi kuzoba izikhathi lapho abantu abaningi bebonakala khona.
• Ngokuvamile bahlala olwandle oluvulekile, futhi uma befika ogwini yingoba izivunguvungu zibadonsela ogwini, ngokuvamile zivame kakhulu ehlobo. Futhi zingabonakala kokubili oLwandle i-Atlantic kanye noLwandle iMedithera.
• Kepha ingozi yayo iphezulu kakhulu. khiqiza ukucasuka okuningi nokuluma, kungadala ngisho nezilonda ezingangenwa izifo. Njengoba zinamatende amade kangaka zingathinta indawo eningi yesikhumba, lokhu kusho ukuthi umphumela wobuthi kungabangela ngisho nezinkinga zokuphefumula, zenhliziyo nemithambo yegazi nesikhumba ezingahlala amasonto noma ngisho izinyanga. Ngakho-ke qaphela kakhulu lezi jellyfish!

i-rhizostoma pulmo

• Zingabohlelo I-Rhizostomeae, Umndeni I-Rhizostomatidae. Babizwa futhi i-aguamala, i-aguaviva noma i-acalefo eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka.
• Mayelana nobukhulu bayo, Zinkulu kakhulu esingazithola, enobubanzi obungafinyelela 90 futhi 100cm. Isambulela sine okumise okwensimbi, okumhlophe-oluhlaza okotshani ngombala kanye nama-lobe amaningi onqenqemeni lwesambulela, umbala onsomi, ngaphezu kwamatende emaphethelweni ayo. Yiba Amathentekli omlomo angu-8 ahlanganiswe ku-manubrium eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka nokumhlophe. Futhi lokhu kwakha umqhele ocekeceke onamaphuzu ayi-16, okuvela kuwo izingalo ezincane eziluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka eziyisi-8 ezigcina zisesimweni seklabhu.
• Zingatholakala emanzini avulekile naphansi, nakuba zingasogwini ngoba zidinga i-substrate yama-polyps azo, futhi ngenxa yokuthi kucatshangwa ukuthi phakathi kwe-jellyfish yibo abanekhono elikhulu lokuhamba lapho beya ezifundeni. kukhona ukudla okwengeziwe.
• Kuyinto a Izinhlobo zomdabu zase-Atlantic Ocean kanye noLwandle iMedithera. Ngakho zingabonakala kusukela ngasekupheleni kwentwasahlobo kuya ekwindla. Ungababona bebodwa nasemabhange. Futhi ebusika, zisesimweni se-polyp emanzini angashoni.
• Aziyona ingozi njengazo I-Pelagia noctiluca, besisazobeka ubungozi bayo njengobuphakathi. Kuyathakazelisa ngoba azikhiqizi izimo ezinzima ze-dermatological. Nokho bangakwazi ukukhiqiza ukucasuka kuphela ngokuba khona kwayo emanzini asogwini avale ulwandle oluvulekile; akudingekile ngisho nokuthintana ngokuqondile ne-jellyfish nanoma yiluphi ucezu lomzimba wayo.

Enye i-jellyfish, engeyona i-jellyfish ngokusemthethweni

Yebo, siyasicacisa lesi sihloko, akuzona ezesigaba Ei-scifozooNgakho-ke, ngokusemthethweni azizona i-jellyfish. Nokho, emehlweni ethu ngenxa yokubukeka kwazo, zingadlula njenge-jellyfish. Sibala ukuthi yiziphi ezivame kakhulu ogwini lwaseSpain:

velela vele

abekilasi I-Hydrozoo, of umbala oluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka, imise okwediski eline "vane yesimo sezulu" ngaphezulu. Bancane 1 kuya ku-8 cm. Futhi nakuba ibukeka njenge-jellyfish ikoloni elintantayo lama-polyps! Zivame ukuya emabhange futhi kuvame kakhulu entwasahlobo nasekuqaleni kwehlobo. Mayelana nobungozi bayo, ayinabo.

I-Aequorea forskalea

abekilasi I-HydrozooBafana ne-jellyfish nge isambulela esiyisicaba, esisobala esingaba ngu-30 cm. Onqenqemeni lwesambulela inemicu eminingi emihle kakhulu ebavumela ukuba badle. Indawo yayo ngokuvamile I-Atlantic Ocean, nakuba ingavamile ukwenzeka eMedithera. Kodwa-ke, njengoba izimo zezulu zishintsha, isiqala ukubonwa ogwini lwaseCatalonia naseziqhingini zaseBalearic. Mayelana nobungozi bayo, azinangozi nhlobo.

I-Carybdea marsupialis

abekilasi cubozoo, amise okwecube, anemithende emine, elinye ekhoneni. Mancane ngosayizi, akala phakathi 5-6 cm ububanzi. Umbala okhanyayo ojika phakathi koluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka nokumhlophe. Zivame ukuhlala emanzini ajulile, nakuba ngezinye izikhathi ngenxa yemisinga yamanzi zingabonakala phezulu, ngakho-ke kunzima ukuzibona ogwini, futhi ubonge ubuhle, ngoba ingozi yayo iphezulu kakhulu.

I-Physalia physalis

Futhi kubizwa i-portuguese caravel. ungowesigaba I-Hydrozoo, amafomu a i-polyp koloni, lapho enye yazo inesimo se "ntanta", okuyilona elibonakala kakhulu futhi likala phakathi 30 ubude no-10 cm ububanzi. Ngobukhulu bayo, inamatende amade kakhulu futhi amaningi alayishwa ama-nematocyte, okwenza kube kuyingozi kakhulu.

Eqinisweni, ukuthinta okulula nanoma yimaphi amathente ayo kungakulethela imiphumela engathi sína njenge- ukushaqeka kwe-neurogenic ngenxa yobuhlungu obukhulu, kanye nokuvutha, ubuhlungu obukhulu nokulimala kwesikhumba. Ivame ukuhlala emanzini afudumele oLwandle i-Atlantic, nakuba ike yabonwa ngezikhathi ezithile eMedithera.

Lapha sikushiya i- isixhumanisi of a uhlelo lokusebenza olukuxwayisa mayelana nokubonwa kwe-jellyfish endaweni yangakini, ukuze ukwazi ukuya olwandle ngokuthula kwengqondo okwengeziwe kuleli hlobo. Ngethemba ukuthi lolu lwazi lube usizo kuwe.