Amaqabunga Ezihlahla kanye namagxolo nobukhulu bazo kusivumela ukuba sihlukanise komunye nomunye. Iqabunga ngalinye lesihlahla linesici salo esingavamile, kungathiwa ziwumgxivizo weminwe walezi zitshalo ezinkulu. Kulesi sihloko sikukhombisa konke odinga ukukwazi mayelana nalezi zisebenzi ezithule.
amaqabunga esihlahla
Ngenxa yamaqabunga ezihlahla ungathola isici esibalulekile ekuphileni, njengomoya-mpilo. Ngakho-ke umsebenzi wabo omkhulu, baphethe ukulungisa isikhutha phakathi nenqubo ye-photosynthetic ukusiza ukuhlanza umoya nokunikeza umoya-mpilo wokuphila. Abagcini nje ukusebenzela ukufeza indawo ekahle, kodwa bayindlela yokugcina isitshalo siphila, ngoba ngamaqabunga kanye nenqubo ye-photosynthesis ingakhula futhi iphefumule.
Izingxenye Zamaqabunga Esihlahla
Isihlahla ngasinye sinezigxivizo zeminwe ezimelelwe amaqabunga aso, anezici eziyingqayizivele ohlotsheni ngalunye. Ngenxa yalesi sizathu kuyadingeka ukwazi ngokuyisisekelo izingxenye ezakha amaqabunga ezihlahla futhi ngaleyo ndlela zikwazi ukuqonda ukuhlukaniswa kwazo.
i-petiole
Kubhekiselwa esisekelweni esihlanganisa igatsha nesiqu sesitshalo noma isisekelo samaqabunga. Isakhiwo esiyisilinda esincanyana kwesinye isikhathi singaba sincane noma singabi nhlobo.
Izitifiketi
Lokhu kwakhiwe ohlangothini ngalunye lwesisekelo se-foliar sesitshalo se-vascular, okungukuthi, banesistimu yokuthutha ye-sap, lezi zingahlukahluka ngokuma nobukhulu, ngokuvamile kuba neqabunga ngalinye futhi umsebenzi walo ukuvikela i-foliar primordium kanye uma isifinyelele ekukhuleni kwayo ithanda ukushabalala.
I-Limbo
Futhi ebizwa ngokuthi i-lamina, ibhekisela engxenyeni eyisicaba, lapho ubuso obungaphezulu bobuso bubizwa ngokuthi i-beam, ebonakala imnyama ngombala kanye nephansi elingaphansi, eliba lula ngombala. Ukuhlukaniswa ngokomkhawulo weqabunga leqabunga yilokhu: bushelelezi noma buphelele, bu-lobed, bunamazinyo, buqhekekile, buhlukanisiwe noma bu-serrated.
Isihlokwana
Leli yigama elinikezwe engxenyeni engenhla yeqabunga, okungukuthi, okuphambene nesisekelo. Ayichazwa kahle ngaso sonke isikhathi njengoba lokhu kuzoncika ekuma kweqabunga.
Ubambo
Kubhekiselwa kuzo zonke izinzwa ezitholakala eqabungeni, ngokusebenzisa le nethiwekhi yemithambo ubisi luzungeza futhi ngale ndlela luxhumana nesitshalo sonke.
Ihlumela le-Axillary
I-axillary bud iyindawo yokuhlangana phakathi kweqabunga nesiqu futhi igxile kakhulu ekudaleni amahlumela akwazi ukuzala noma avele ahlale elele.
Ukuhlukaniswa Kwamahlamvu Esihlahla
Amaqabunga ezihlahla azonqunywa imvelo lapho itholakala khona futhi yingakho iqabunga lazo likuthathayo ukuze likwazi ukujwayela kangcono. Nansi indlela izinhlobo ezahlukene zamashidi eziqoqwe ngayo:
- Konje
- Okulula: yiyona lapho iqabunga elilodwa lizalwa khona ku-petiole ngayinye, okungukuthi, iqabunga elilodwa.
- Inhlanganisela: yileyo lapho kwakheka khona amaqabunga amaningana aphinyiselwe abizwa ngokuthi amapheshana.
- ngombambo
- I-Uninervias: yilezo ezine-central nerve eyodwa Zivame kakhulu ezihlahleni ezifana nophayini
- I-Plurinervias: ngokungafani neyangaphambili, lena ine-branching yezinzwa.
Amagama Amaqabunga Esihlahla
Amaqabunga esihlahla ahlukaniswa ngokuya ngokuma kwawo, unqenqema, izinzwa kanye nokwethulwa. Lapha kuhloswe ngayo ukwazisa isici ngasinye esikusiza ukuba uthole ishidi ngalinye ngokubukeka kwalo.
Ngenxa yokuma kwe-blade
Kulesi sigaba uzothola amafomu ahlukene angavezwa emaqabunga ezihlahla, kucatshangelwa ukuthi libhekisela engxenyeni eyisicaba efeza umsebenzi we-photosynthesis. Ifomu ngalinye lichazwe ngezansi:
- I-Ensiform: Kulapho i-blade imise okwenkemba futhi igcina endaweni eyodwa.
- i-acicular: Imile njengenaliti, yinde futhi ibukhali, iphetha nge-apex echazwe kahle.
- I-Filiform: Iyishidi elincanyana kakhulu nelicolekile elifana nentambo.
- Komugqa: I-blade incane kakhulu futhi izacile inemiphetho ehambisanayo.
- I-Oblanceolate: Lolu hlobo lwe-blade lufana nomcibisholo noma oluyi-oval.
- I-Oblong: Ngesimo se-oval, yinde kunobubanzi bayo.
- I-oval: Inomumo oyi-elliptical.
- I-Rhomboid: Lolu hlobo lweshidi lunezici ze-rhombus.
- i-ovate: Inokwakheka kweqanda, isisekelo sayo sibanzi futhi sigcina nge-apex echazwe kahle.
- Obovate: Ngokuphambene ne-ovate, lena iphetha nge-apex ebanzi.
- Corda: Leli shidi livezwa ngesimo senhliziyo.
- Kuvinjelwe: Ukuma kwayo okwenhliziyo ehlanekezelwe.
- I-Deltoid: Kubukeka njengohlamvu lwesiGreki, ububanzi phansi kanye nesihloko esihle
- I-Orbicular: Yethulwa ngendlela eyindilinga.
- lungisa kabusha: Ifana nesimo sezinso.
- Spatula: Leli qabunga linomumo we-spatula ongavamile, ozacile ubheke phansi futhi ubanzi phezulu.
- I-Flabellate: Yethulwa ngendlela yefeni.
- I-Panduriform: Ukuma kwaleli qabunga kubanzi phansi futhi kunwebeka kuye phezulu, kufane nesiginci.
- ilire: Lolu hlobo lweqabunga lubanzi phansi, luyancipha phakathi nendawo, futhi lunwebeka luye phezulu.
- iqhutshiwe: Lolu hlobo lweqabunga luhlukaniswe ngama-lobes ajulile futhi lukhotheme lubheke esisekelweni, lube nonqenqema olungaphezulu lwe-convex efanayo kanye nelo eliphansi liqonde.
- Kubuyekeziwe: Iqabunga elicijile elinama-lobe amabili ahlukene phansi.
- Sagittate: Ibukeka njengomcibisholo futhi phansi inama-acute lobes.
Ngokuma kwe-apex
I-apex imelela ukuphela kweqabunga ngalinye, okungukuthi, ichopho elikude kakhulu nesisekelo. Uyasazisa isimo sesitshalo. Ukufa kwe-apical kuhlobene nesimo sezulu, izinkinga ngempande yesihlahla, ukusetshenziswa ngokweqile komanyolo, ukungcola, phakathi kwezinye izakhi. Lapha sethula ukuhlukaniswa kwe-apex ngokuya ngokuma kwayo:
- I-Acuminate: Kulapho ukuphela kwe-blade kuyiphuzu elichazwe kahle
- I-Agudo: Itheminali ye-lamina ibonakala njenge-engeli ebukhali.
- i-accuminate ebukhali: Kulapho i-blade i-elliptical futhi iphetha ngokuzumayo endaweni enhle.
- I-Apiculate: Lo mumo ungachazwa ngokuthi i-apex yakheka kahle ibe iphuzu elihle.
- I-Caudate: Ivezwa ngesimo esibude njengomsila.
- Kubekwe icala: Ithambile kakhulu kune-acuminate ebukhali, njengoba i-apex yakheka ibe iphuzu elihle.
- I-Mucronate: I-apex imise okwe-apiculate, okungukuthi, indawo ecishe ingabonakali.
- I-Mucronulate: I-apiculate kodwa encane.
- Obtuse: I-lamina inomumo oyi-elliptical kanti i-apex isesimweni se-obtuse angle.
- Okuyindilinga: I-apex yeqabunga iyindilinga ngokuphelele.
- Inqanyuliwe: Uma yethulwa icishe iqonde, kube sengathi isikiwe.
- Sebenzisa kabusha: I-blade ibonakala iqondile kancane noma i-notched nge-apex encane kakhulu.
- uphumile: Iqabunga linembobo encane phezulu, kodwa lilula kakhulu.
Ngenxa yokuma kwesisekelo
Isisekelo samaqabunga esihlahla yileyo ngxenye ekhulisiwe ehlanganisa i-petiole nesiqu. Kwezinye izimo kutholakala ama-appendages athile emimo ehlukahlukene. Isisekelo sihlukaniswa ngokuya ngesimo saso ngale ndlela elandelayo:
- Acute: Lapho isisekelo seqabunga eduze kwe-petiole sakha i-angle ebukhali.
- Oi-btusa: Isisekelo se-blade sakha i-engeli obtuse.
- I-Acuminate: Lesi sisekelo siqala njengonxantathu ophelele.
- kufiphaziwe: I-blade iyancipha ngobubanzi ize ifinyelele ku-petiole.
- Cuneate: Kulokhu izinhlangothi ze-blade ziya ngqo ku-petiole.
- Intambo: Kulapho i-blade yenza uhlobo lwenhliziyo olubheke ku-petiole.
- lungisa kabusha: Ifana kakhulu ne-chordate, kodwa kancane kancane ifana nezinso.
- Kubuyekeziwe: Kulapho kwakheka ama-lobe amabili ahlukene esisekelweni.
- Sagittate: Iyafana ne-hastada kodwa ama-lobes ayo awahlukani kangako.
- I-Auricular: Ama-lobe amabili amancane, angasho lutho kancane akhiwe phansi kweqabunga.
- zungeleziwe: I-lamina ijoyina i-petiole ngendlela eyindilinga.
- Inqanyuliwe: I-lamina ijoyina i-petiole cishe iqonde.
- Akungalingani: Ukuhlangana kwe-lamina ku-petiole akulingani kodwa kuyindilinga.
- I-Oblique: Kulesi simo i-lamina ihlanganisa i-petiole ngesimo esingavamile.
Emaphethelweni eshidi
Imajini noma eyaziwa nangokuthi i-limbo, imelela ukuma noma ukubukeka kweqabunga leqabunga, okwenza uhlobo ngalunye lwezihlahla luhluke futhi lubonakale. Okuvame kakhulu yilezi:
- Konke: Kulokhu asikho isici esenza ishidi lihluke, ngoba livezwa kahle.
- i-serrulated: Ilandele eduze imilomo emincane efana nommese ohlikiziwe.
- Sawn: Iveza uhlobo lweziqongo ezingasho lutho kakhulu.
- Okusagwe kabili: Ifana kakhulu nesaha kodwa iziqongo zigqame kakhulu futhi kunesikhala phakathi kwazo.
- I-Crenate: Ifana kakhulu nokusaha kodwa hhayi ngendlela yesiqongo kodwa ngendlela emagagasi kancane.
- I-Lobed noma i-Lobed: Inomumo wama-lobe asho kahle, ama-concavities ngaphandle kanye nama-convexity ngaphakathi.
- I-Sinuous noma i-scalloped: Amaphoyinti okunamathiselwe emajini enza inothi nama-concavities.
- Okugoqene: Iveza ama-concavities angaphandle kanye ne-convexity yangaphakathi, kodwa ngendlela ephansi kakhulu.
- Isigatshana: Inikeza umbono wokuthi idliwe yisimo sayo esingajwayelekile.
- ukuguguleka: Kufana nokuma kwamagagasi kodwa la magagasi avezwa ngokungajwayelekile.
- Amazinyo noma amazinyo: Inomumo we-margin e-serrated kodwa i-spiny kakhudlwana ukuze ivikele isitshalo ezilwaneni ezidla uhlaza.
Isihlahla Amahlamvu ngokohlobo lwesihlahla
Amaqabunga ezihlahla azophinde ahambisane nesimo sezulu, indawo kanye nesimo sesitshalo. Izihlahla zingahlukaniswa ngamaqembu amathathu amakhulu, lawo anamaqabunga ahlala eluhlaza, izihlahla zokuhlobisa nezithelo.
- amaqabunga esihlahla esihlala siluhlaza: Lolu hlobo lwamaqabunga luhlala lunamathele esitshalweni unyaka wonke, isibonelo salokhu isihlahla somnqumo, esineqabunga elihlala linamathele egatsheni isikhathi eside.
- Amaqabunga Esihlahla Sokuhlobisa: Lezi zihlahla ziphakathi kweqembu lamaqabunga amaqabunga ngenxa yokuthi zinamaqabunga anenkathi ethile yesikhathi okufanele anamathele emagatsheni, ikakhulukazi aphethwe yisimo sezulu. Zibonakala ngombala wazo, ubukhulu kanye nokuma kwazo. Amaqabunga ayahluka ngombala aze ahlukane negatsha.
- amaqabunga esihlahla sezithelo: Lezi zihlahla zitholakala kakhulu zinamaqabunga ohlobo oluhlala luluhlaza.
Funda okwengeziwe ngamahlamvu esihlahla ngokubuka ividiyo engezansi:
Funda kabanzi mayelana nezihlahla ngokulandela lezi zixhumanisi: