Phakathi kwezinkolo zomhlaba, i-Islam ingenye yalezo ezinabalandeli abaningi, lena inkolo yama-Brahmanical ekholelwa kuNkulunkulu oyedwa, egxile ezindaweni eziningi zomhlaba. Umsunguli we-Islam kwaba Abu'I-asim Mohammed ibn Abd AllahENtshonalanga yaziwa ngokuthi UMuhammad.
Wazalelwaphi umsunguli we-Islam?
Umsunguli we-Islam, wafika emhlabeni ngonyaka wamakhulu amahlanu namashumi ayisikhombisa emva kwalokho Kristue IMecca, Arabia. Lapho esemncane kakhulu, wayezungezwe izinhlekelele. uyihlo, Abdullah, owayengumthengisi, wafa ngaphambi kokuzalwa kuka UMuhammad. Ukuze ufunde kabanzi ngalolu hlobo lwezihloko zenkolo ungafunda amagatsha obuKristu.
Njengesiko lakubo, umama ka UMuhammad wadela UHalma, umnakekeli wamaBedouin ukuze umntwana afundiswe ogwadule Arabia, zazizohlala kuze kube yiminyaka emihlanu. Nokho, halima, eminyakeni embalwa wayibuyisela kunina, lokhu ngoba umyeni wakhe wayesaba ukucabanga lokho UMuhammad wayengenwe umoya omubi.
Lapho eneminyaka eyisithupha ubudala, unina amina futhi wafa, futhi UMuhammad kanjalo uhlala ephethwe umzali kayise. Abdul-Muttalib; naye ushona ngemva kweminyaka emibili enakekele ingane, kanjalo UMuhammad uphethe umalume wakhe, Abu Talib, akhule naye futhi owayenethonya elibalulekile empilweni ka Muhammad.
Lapho efinyelela iminyaka engamashumi amabili nanhlanu, umsunguli we-Islam ushada nomfelokazi ocebile. Khadija, ayeyisisebenzi sayo enkonzweni yakhe; wayenendodakazi ebizwa ngokuthi Fatima, futhi ngalesi sixhumanisi uba umthengisi ohlonishwayo nothembekile edolobheni.
UMuhammad Wathola ukuqeqeshwa okuncane kakhulu kwezemfundo, ngakho-ke wazi nje izinkolo ezimbili ezinkulu kunazo zonke ezikholelwa kuNkulunkulu oyedwa ngaleso sikhathi, ubuKristu nobuJuda, ngenxa yokuhambela kwakhe imiphakathi emincane yamaKrestu neyamaJuda eyayihlala IMecca futhi mhlawumbe nangohambo lwakhe lwebhizinisi.
Lapho eseneminyaka engamashumi amane ubudala, UMuhammad uqala ukwenza ukuhlehla okungokomoya ogwadule, waya emhumeni eNtabeni qaphela, lapho ngokweziqinisekiso athola khona isambulo sika UNkulunkulu (Allah). Kuthiwa wakhuluma naye ngokuvakashelwa ingelosi enkulu, kulokhu ingelosi enkulu Gabriel. Lengelosi enkulu, ngaphezu kokumazisa ngemfihlo yokukholwa kweqiniso, yamyala ukuba akushumayele lokho Allah wayemkhethile njengesithunywa sakhe futhi wathumela.
umngane wakho Khadija wamsekela ngazo zonke izikhathi, futhi UMuhammad uzinikela ekushumayeleni kwakhe IMecca, eba yindlalifa yabakhethiwe abakholelwa kuNkulunkulu oyedwa, njengokuthi, Abrahama, Mosi kanye naJesu Khristu. Ngaleso sikhathi, UMuhammad Washumayela ngokubuyela enkolweni ka Abrahama.
UMuhammad Wafa ngomnyaka wamakhulu ayisithupha namashumi amathathu nambili, wembelwa emzini wakhe Medina, nasezindaweni ezizungezile, kwakhiwa i-mosque yesibili ephawulekayo yamaSulumane. Lena enye yezindawo ezinkulu zokukhonzela umphrofethi ngemva kokufa kwakhe.
umlando we-islam
Ngokusemthethweni, i-Islam njengendlela yokuziphatha kwezenhlalakahle nezenkolo yaqala ngekhulu leshumi nanhlanu. Ngaleso sikhathi e-Arabhiya wawungathola izinhlobonhlobo zezimfundiso nezilimi, ngakho zazingesona isizwe esifanayo. Iningi labantu laliphila ukuphila kokuzulazula, lithuthela khona IMecca endleleni yokuyokhonza onkulunkulu abaningi abahlukene.
Kuleli dolobha ungathola amasiko amaningi ahlukene, phakathi kwawo wonke ayenenqwaba yonkulunkulu, ekufakweni okufana ne-cube emnyama eyanikezwa igama elithi Kaaba. Kule ndawo, eduze nalesi sikhungo samandla angcwele, yilapho kuvela khona umprofethi wenkolo yamaSulumane, Mohammed.
Uma uhlanganisa iminyaka engamashumi amane, UMuhammadNgelinye ilanga ezindla emaphethelweni edolobha IMecca, waba nombono futhi wathola isigijimi saphezulu sokuba abe isithunywa nesithunywa. Ukufika esikhathini esiphakathi kweminyaka engamakhulu ayisithupha neshumi namakhulu ayisithupha namashumi amabili nambili, UMuhammad unikeza inkulumo ku Mecca, phambi kwenani elikhulu labantu futhi umemezela ukuthi ukhethwe njengomprofethi kankulunkulu owaziwa ngokuthi Allah.
Izimfundiso ze UMuhammad zazisekelwe esimemezelweni sobuhle obukhona ekuphendukeni nasekuzithobeni phambi kwalo nkulunkulu, njengoba kunguye yedwa futhi oyiqiniso futhi ongenakuphikiswa, ngaphezu kwalokho washumayela ukufika kokuphela kwesikhathi, okuyinto eyaziwa yibo bonke namuhla . Lolu hlobo lwesigijimi aluzange lujabulise wonke umuntu, okwathi kusukela ngaleso sikhathi kuqhubeke baba izitha zakhe.
Kwathi unyaka wamakhulu ayisithupha namashumi amabili nambili ulandela Kristu, UMuhammad, umprofethi ongumsunguli wamaSulumane, ushushiswa ngenxa yokholo lwakhe, ngakho ubaleka nenani elikhulu lama-acolyte akhe aseduze namaSulumane, baya edolobheni Medina, lapho angcweliswa khona njengomholi wenkolo.
IQuran, umbhalo wenkolo othunyelwe kuwo UMuhammad por Allah ngomfanekiso wesambulo UJibril. Kule ncwadi kutholakala kubhalwe phansi zonke izinkolelo, imithetho engcwele kanye nezinqumo zenkolo yamaSulumane.
Constantino yayikhuthaza ukusakazwa okukhulu kwenkolelo ku Kristu, lena inkolo yobuKristu, yalokhu Constantino kwaphoqa abantu abanqotshiwe ukuba babe ngamaKrestu, lokhu kwaba ugqozi olukhulu kwabaningi ukuba baguqukele e-Islam, okwenza, ngenxa yalesi sizathu, izizwe zama-Arab zihlangane ekukholweni ukuze zimelene nokholo lobuKristu.
Onyakeni wamakhulu ayisithupha namashumi amabili nesishiyagalolunye emva kwalokho Kristu, inzuzo UMuhammad ithatha idolobha IMecca ngaphandle kokusebenzisa noma yiziphi izindlela zobudlova futhi ngaphandle kokuxabana, lahla ukukhulekelwa kwanoma yimuphi unkulunkulu ngaphandle Allah ukusungula inkolo yamaSulumane. Ukuze ufunde kabanzi mayelana nalezi zihloko ezithakazelisayo ungafunda USamael Aun Weor.
Ipolitiki ye-Islam
Emva kokufa komprofethi UMuhammad, umsunguli we-Islam, ngonyaka wamakhulu ayisithupha namashumi amathathu nambili ngemva kwalokho Kristu, abaningi babecabanga ukuthi ngalenkolo yokufa yayizoshabalala, kodwa kwaba okuphambene nalokhu, labo ababemlandela njengabaqondisi bokholo bathatha izintambo zokuhola inkolo.
Laba baqondisi benkolo baqanjwa ngamagama amaKhalifa futhi bathatha izintambo zokuqinisa ukholo nokuqondisa abantu base-Arab ngokulandela lokho abakufunda kumfundisi wabo nomsunguli we-Islam, umprofethi. UMuhammad, ngalokhu kwabonakala ukwanda okwengeziwe kwethonya lakhe kuso sonke isifunda.
Ngonyaka wamakhulu ayisithupha namashumi amathathu nesithupha ngemva kwalokho Kristu, ukwazi ukugasela nokuzinza ngempumelelo iPheresiya, eyenqaba ukuhlatshwa, yaze yanqotshwa ngemva kweminyaka emine, emakhulwini ayisithupha namashumi amane ngemva kwalokho Kristu.
Kusetshenziswa iPheresiya njengesisekelo wonke amazwe angomakhelwane kanye nezifunda zahlaselwa futhi, lokhu kwenzeka phakathi neminyaka engamakhulu ayisithupha namashumi amane nane kuya kwamakhulu ayisithupha namashumi amahlanu nane ngemva kwalokho. Kristu, kule nkathi yesikhathi, ingxenye yezombangazwe yenkolo iyasungulwa, isungula izisekelo zezombangazwe iSiriya, iPheresiya, iJudiya y IGibhithe, iphathiswe amaKhalifa ama-Orthodox athembeke kakhulu.
AmaShia namaSunni
Nakuba kokubili Shia futhi i Sunni Woza Allah njengonkulunkulu wabo weqiniso, bahluke kakhulu ezimfundisweni zenkolo nokubaluleka abakunikeza izindinganiso ezihlukene.
Lokhu kwehlukana kwaqala ukubonakala ngonyaka wamakhulu ayisithupha namashumi amathathu nambili, kungakabiphi ngemva kokufa komprofethi. UMuhammad, umsunguli we-Islam. Lapho umprofethi efa, akazange aqoke noma yimuphi umlandeli, ngakho-ke umzabalazo wamandla uqala futhi ngaleyo ndlela uholele izwe lamaSulumane ukuthi, ngandlela-thile, usaqhubeka nanamuhla.
Kungakhathaliseki ukuthi umehluko, lawa magatsha amabili e-Islam abelane ngezinkolelo ezithile emakhulwini amaningi eminyaka, kuhlanganise namasiko enkolo. Nokho, kunomehluko omkhulu phakathi kwalokhu okubili ngokwemfundiso, amasiko, imithetho, izimfundiso zenkolo kanye nenhlangano.
AmaSunni
Leli gatsha le-Islam likhulu kunawo wonke kulawa amabili, ngokwenani lamaSulumane alihlanganisayo, lokhu kungenxa yokuthi ngaphezulu noma ngaphansi kwama-86% kanye nama-90% abathintekayo kulokhu kwamanje, futhi athathwa njengeyakudala kakhulu. kanye negatsha lama-Orthodox lamaSulumane.
Igama elithi Sunni, noma Sunni, lisuselwa kubinzana Ahl al-Sunnah, lokhu kusho abantu besiko. Kulokhu, isiko lihunyushwa njengesethi yamasiko avela ezenzweni ezenziwa umsunguli wamaSulumane nabafundi bakhe. AmaSunni ayabahlonipha bonke abaprofethi abaqanjwe ngegama IKoran, kodwa ikakhulukazi UMuhammad, abambheka njengomprofethi oqinisekile.
Abaholi bamaSulumane abalandela umsunguli we-Islam babhekwa njengabalingiswa besikhashana, ngaphandle kobude besikhathi. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, ngokungafani namaShiite, othisha nabaholi benkolo yamaSunni ngokomlando bebengaphansi kombuso. Ukuze wazi okwengeziwe ngalezi zihloko ungafunda incwadi engcwele yobuBuddha.
AmaShiite
Ekuqaleni amaShiite avela njengeqembu lezombusazwe, leli lalaziwa ngokuthi Shiat Ali noma iqembu le U-Alí. Lo muntu, U-Alí, wayengumkhwenyana womprofethi owasungula wamaSulumane, UMuhammadNgalesi sizathu amaShiite achitha ilungelo lawo kanye nenzalo yawo lokuba ngabaholi bamaSulumane.
U-Alí, owayeyindodana yezombangazwe yomsunguli we-Islam, wabulawa ngobudlova, wayezungezwe izizungu eziningi, ezadala udlame oluningi kanye nezimpi zombango ezazibonisa umlando wakhe wobukhosi. kanye nezingane zabo, Hassan y Hussein, abazange bavunyelwe lokho ababekubheka njengelungelo labo elingokomthetho lokumlandela.
Ngokusho kwamarekhodi kucatshangwa ukuthi Hassan, indodana ka Lapho, wayengumbulali ngokusebenzisa ushevu by muawiyah, umbusi wokuqala, ngaleso sikhathi owalandelwa njengomholi wamaSulumane wozalo Umayyad. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, umfowabo Hussein uyabulawa, alwe empini, njengezihlobo zakhe eziningi.
Zonke lezi zigigaba yizo ezakha umqondo wamaShiite wokuhlukunyezwa kanye nemikhuba yawo yokungcwaba; Inkolelo yamaShiite nayo inengxenye eqinile yobumesiya. Phakathi kwamaShiite kukhona uhlobo oluthile lokubusa ngokombono wenkolo, lapho ehlala enza ukuhlaziya okuvulekile kwemibhalo yamaSulumane.
Naphezu kokungabi nazo izibalo ezithembekile, kunenkolelo yokuthi amaShiite namuhla aphakathi kwekhulu namashumi amabili kuya kwezigidi eziyikhulu namashumi ayisikhombisa athembekile, lokhu kusho ukuthi amaphesenti angaphezulu noma angaphansi kweshumi awo wonke amaSulumane angamaShiite. Isikhathi esiningi bangaphakathi Iran, Iraq, Bahrain, Azerbaijan futhi, ngokwezibalo ezithile, naku Yemen.
Ukwengeza, ungathola amaqembu athile amaShiite athembekile, amancane ngobukhulu kodwa anezimfundiso ezifanayo, angasho lutho Afghanistan, India, Kuwait, Lebanon, Pakistan, Qatar, Syria, Turkey, Saudi Arabia, kanye ne-United Arab Emirates.
ukwenqatshwa kwe-islam
Ngezinga labo abathembekile kulo UMuhammad baba baningi, baqala ukubonakala njengosongo emakhosini ezizwe zendawo. I-bonanza yezizwe yayisekelwe ku- KaabaK, indawo engcwele yezithombe zama-Arabhu kanye nephuzu eliyinhloko lenkolo Mecca. Uma benqaba lezi zithixo, njengoba nje UMuhammad eshumayela, abekho abahambi ababezofika kuleyo ndawo, akukho msebenzi noma ingcebo. Ukuze ufunde kabanzi mayelana nalezi zihloko ezithakazelisayo ungafunda ¿zingaki izimangaliso ezenziwayo Jesús?
Ukwenqatshwa kwenkolelo yobunkulunkulu abaningi eyashunyayelwa umsunguli we-Islam kwalimaza kakhulu isizwe sakubo, Aurayshi, ngoba yibona ababephethe ukugcinwa kwe kaaba. Lesi yisizathu sokuthi kungani UMuhammad futhi abalandeli bakhe bashushiswa. Ngonyaka wamakhulu ayisithupha neshumi nesishiyagalolunye, bafa Khadija, umkaMuhammad, nomalume wakhe Abu Talib. Lo nyaka waziwa ngokuthi “unyaka wokudabuka”.
Uma lesi sihloko besithandeka kuwe, futhi ufuna ukubona okwengeziwe, ungabuyekeza Amandla angokomoya, lapho ungafunda khona lolu hlobo lwezihloko nokunye okuningi.