Izihlahla zibonakala ngokugcwalisa umhlaba futhi zinikeze inani elikhulu lezithelo ezinenzuzo ekuthuthukisweni kwabantu emhlabeni, phakathi kwazo Izithelo zeWalnut zingagqanyiswa, isihlahla esinezici ezizochazwa ngezansi. isihloko esilandelayo.
Isithelo Se-Walnut
Izihlahla zithathwa njengezitshalo ezibaluleke kakhulu emhlabeni wonke, ezinomthwalo wemfanelo wokumboza zonke izinqubo zemvelo zeplanethi, zihlinzeka ngezinhlobo ezihlukahlukene nezinhlobonhlobo ezinomthwalo wemfanelo wokunikeza ubuhle bomhlaba kanye nemvelo, futhi zinesibopho sokufeza izinqubo ezibaluleke kakhulu ze-biochemical. ukuze kuthuthukiswe impilo emhlabeni.
Kukhona uhlobo olubizwa ngokuthi i-Walnut eyaziwa nangokuthi i-Juglans Regia, i-Common Walnut, i-European Walnut noma i-Spanish Walnut, konke kuzoncika esifundeni lapho ikhula khona. Ihambisana nesihlahla esivuthulukayo, okungukuthi, iwuhlobo lwesihlahla esithonywa izinkathi zonyaka ezihlukahlukene ezingase zenzeke onyakeni. Kubhekwa njengezinhlobo ezisakazeke kakhulu ezwenikazi laseYurophu, futhi zisakazeke kakhulu eningizimu-ntshonalanga ye-Assisi futhi zibonakala kabanzi e-Himalayas.
Ihambisana nesihlahla sesithelo esivame ukuba somndeni wakwaYuglandaceae, kucatshangwa ukuthi savela embusweni wasePheresiya, ngokuhamba kwesikhathi sasakazekela ezweni laseGreece, sase siya e-Italy futhi saze sakwazi ukuhlanganisa ingxenye enkulu yezwekazi laseYurophu. . . Esinye sezici zayo eziyinhloko ukhuni lwayo olungavamile, amaqabunga alo anephunga elimnandi, isithelo saso esidliwayo ngokuphelele esaziwa ngokuthi yinati; futhi ukugqama ngokuba ukusetshenziswa zokuhlobisa.
Ukutshalwa kwesihlahla se-Walnut kuvame kakhulu ezindaweni ezihlukahlukene, nezinhlobo ezifana ne-European Walnut, Black Walnut, California Walnut kanye ne-Ash Walnut kuyatshalwa. Ukulinywa kwawo kungenziwa kalula ngaphandle kwesidingo sokuna kwemvula enkulu, kusetshenziswe cishe ukuchelela phezulu, ukungakwazi ukubekezelela isithwathwa sasentwasahlobo futhi ngokufanayo akusekeli izinga lokushisa eliphezulu kodwa isidingo samanzi sihlala sidingeka.umswakama owanele. Konke lokhu kungabangela umonakalo othile esithelweni se-walnut.
Uhlobo lwenhlabathi oluzokwazi ukutshala isihlahla se-Walnut luyadingeka uhlobo lwenhlabathi engathathi hlangothi futhi eguquguqukayo, ngokuvamile kufakwa uhlobo lwenhlabathi ejulile kanye naleyo evulekile.
Izici
Isihlahla se-Walnut sithathwa njengesihlahla esithintekayo yizinkathi zonyaka, okubhekwa ngaso ukuthi sincipha, sigqame kakhulu ngokuba mude, sifinyelela ukuphakama okungamamitha angama-27, sinesiqu esinezici ezifika kumamitha ayi-2. ububanzi. , abanye ochwepheshe baye bagqamisa iqiniso lokuthi ngisho nezinhlobo ezithile zezilwane ezinobubanzi obungamamitha angu-5 ziye zatholakala; isiqu sawo sivame ukumelana kakhulu futhi sibe nombala ophakathi kokumpunga.
Zihambisana nohlobo lwesihlahla esivame ukukhula kakhulu futhi sibe namagatsha aqinile kangangokuthi zakha umqhele onamaqabunga kakhulu, oyindilinga futhi omkhulu; Ngaphezu kwalokho, zaziwa kakhulu ngombala wazo obomvu lapho ziwuhlobo oluncane kakhulu futhi lushintsha kancane kancane kuze kube yilapho luthatha umbala onsundu ngokuhamba kwesikhathi.
Kuyagqama ngoba igatsha ngalinye ligcwele kakhulu amaqabunga afinyelela ku-35 centimeters ubude, abaluleke kakhulu uma esengamagatsha amancane ngoba aminyene impela futhi anamafindo, avame ukuba nomgodi ongenalutho futhi ahlukaniswe izingxenye ezithile eziphambanayo. . . Amadodakazi alo ahlala eguquguquka, ngokushintshana, amakhulu futhi ahlanganiswe, anamapheshana angu-5 kuya kwangu-9, umkhawulo waleli qabunga uvame ukubushelelezi.
Isihlahla se-Walnut sibonakala ngokulahlekelwa amaqabunga ngezikhathi ezithile zonyaka, kulokhu silahlekelwa yiwo ebusika futhi ngesikhathi sentwasahlobo izimbali zawo zokuqala zivela. Iqokomisa iqiniso lokuthi izimbali zayo ziyiduna nensikazi, kuphawula ukuthi lezo ezikwazile ukumila kuqala ngokuvamile zingamaqabunga amahle kakhulu. Amaqabunga awo abonakala ngokuba ne-petiole ngendlela yepuleti ekugcineni futhi abe namapheya ambalwa lapho ekhula, kodwa uma isikhathi sihamba athatha umbala oluhlaza.
Izimbali zesifazane zibonakala ngokuba ne-ovary ene-walnut encane phezulu, zigqame ku-calyx bese ziphakathi nendawo lapho kutholakala khona ama-stigmas, kulokhu kugqama ukuthi imbali iyakwazi ukuthwesa isithelo. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, izimbali zesilisa zivame ukuvela ngokuqondile kusukela okhunini ngaphansi kwezimbali zesifazane, ezinesimo se-bouquet, ziqokomisa iqiniso lokuthi ziningi kakhulu esihlahleni sonke, ngaphezu kwalokho zivame ukuvuzwa ngesenzo somoya. ngokuhudula amaseli abo kumaseli. female of the izimbali ukunikeza amahlumela amasha.
Isithelo sesihlahla se-Walnut inati, elidume kakhulu ngokuba ne-trima shape egcina ngaphakathi imbewu eyakhiwe yizimo ezimbili ezishwabene ezihlukaniswa ukuhlukaniswa kwe-perpendicular. Yakhiwe ngongqimba oluncane lwenyama, oluyindlala futhi luluhlaza lapho luvela esihlahleni, lapho luqala ukuvuthwa luqala ukuba mnyama futhi luqhekeke.
Ngaphakathi kwesithelo, i-nati ivame ukutholakala, ihlanganiswe ngokuphelele futhi iqinile, ingavuleka ezingxenyeni ezimbili, imigqa yayo ngokuvamile i-welds, lapho ama-carpels angenayo i-weld, eqokomisa izinzwa zabo eziphakathi kwalokhu, zibhekwa ukuthi inezingxenye ezi-4 ezingamanga futhi ezingaphelele. Ngaphakathi kwayo inesibopho sokuhlalisa imbewu ebonakala ngokucebile ngamafutha, kubhekwa ukuthi isihlahla sezithelo ze-walnut singathela izithelo iminyaka eyishumi.
I-Ecology kanye Nokulima
Isihlahla se-walnut sibonakala ngokuba yizinhlobo ezitholakala eningizimu-ntshonalanga ye-Europe kanye nasentshonalanga ye-Asia, singabonakala nasenyakatho yeGreece, sidlula e-Himalayas nase-Balkan, sigqamisa ukuba khona kwawo okuphezulu e-China, Iran ngisho naseNyakatho. America, ephawula ukuthi ikhona ezindaweni ezinesimo sezulu esipholile. Ukutshalwa kwezinhlobo zezilwane kugqamisa isethi yezimpawu ezidingekayo okufanele zigcwaliseke, ezichazwe ngezansi:
Ukuphindaphinda
Izitshalo kumele zikhiqizwe kabusha ukuze zithole inani elikhulu lezinhlobo zezilwane futhi konke lokhu kwenziwa ngokuphindaphindeka ngokocansi, kokunye ukukhiqizwa ngokocansi kugcwaliseka ngembewu kanye nempova, kuyilapho abanye behileleka ekukhiqizeni kwe-asexual ngokuba khona kwazo zombili izitho zokuzala embalini efanayo.
Ngaphambilini kwakukhona izihlahla ezazihlukanisiwe futhi zitholakala ezindlini ezihlukahlukene zezwe ezingezona ezingaphansi kwanoma yimuphi umkhakha, ngokuvamile zivela ngokuzalaniswa ngokobulili ngenxa yokutshala amantongomane, ngaphezu kwezindlela zabo zokukhiqiza eziyinhloko ezivelele ekuthululeni impova komoya. amaseli abesilisa ezimbalini zesifazane aze akhe amahlumela amasha.
Indawo
Izitshalo kumele zibe ezindaweni nemikhakha evuna ukukhula kwazo, zigqamise ngaso sonke isikhathi izici ezihlukene ezivuna ukukhula kwazo. Endabeni yesithelo se-walnut, ibonakala ngokulinywa okubanzi eCalifornia lapho kutholakala khona izinhlobo ezihlukahlukene, ukuthola izinhlobonhlobo ezinkulu ezinezimfanelo ezihlukene, lokhu kungenxa yokuhlomula isimo sezulu esipholile saleyo ndawo kanye nokuchayeka elangeni okuqhubekayo. .
Izinhlupho nezifo
Izitshalo zichayeka ezimeni ezahlukene zezulu nezemvelo ezingazuzisa ukukhula nokukhula kwazo, ngendlela efanayo amabhaktheriya nama-microbes avela obala akwazi ukunamathela esitshalweni, asigulise size sidliwe futhi siholele ekufeni. Endabeni yesihlahla se-Walnut, sigqama ngokuba isitshalo esikhula kancane futhi esithatha isikhathi eside ukuthela izithelo, kanye nokuba uhlobo oluthinteka kakhulu i-bacteriosis.
I-Rugosity
Ukuqina kuhambisana nokumelana nezitshalo ezinakho ukuze zikwazi ukumelana nezimo zezulu ezihlukahlukene ezichayeka kuzo, ngasinye kuye ngokuthi hlobo luni lwezinhlobo zezitshalo. Esiphithiphithini sesihlahla se-Walnut, kugqama ukukwazi ukumelana nesithwathwa sekwephuzile ezikhathini zasentwasahlobo, kodwa sibe nomthelela omkhulu esitshalweni ngoba kuyisikhathi sokuqhakaza futhi ngenxa yesithwathwa singathonya ukuvunwa kwesihlahla, ngoba izimbali ungakuphathi ukusekela ngale kwe-zero.
Ukunisela
Esinye sezici eziyinhloko ezinomthelela ekukhuleni nasekukhuleni kwesitshalo amanzi, anesibopho sokuhlinzeka isitshalo ngemisoco edingekayo ukuze sigqugquzeleke kahle, kanye nomhlabathi.Ukuze wenze isivuno esihle, kufanele unake ukuqhubeka. ukuchelela kwesitshalo ikakhulukazi ngalezo zikhathi zonyaka lapho sibhekene namazinga okushisa aphezulu. Endabeni yesihlahla seNogal, ngenxa yamazinga okushisa aphezulu ngezikhathi zasehlobo, zidinga ukuchelela okuqhubekayo, ikakhulukazi ngalezo zikhathi zesomiso esikhulu, okugqamisa iqiniso lokuthi amazinga okushisa aphezulu anesibopho sokunikeza izinga lezithelo ezingcono.
Ukusetshenziswa kanye Nezicelo Zesithelo Se-Walnut
Umuthi we-walnut ungaduma kakhulu ngenxa yezakhiwo zawo zemvelo ngenxa yokuqukethwe kwawo okuphezulu kwe-gallic ne-ellagic tannins, ngaphezu kokuba ne-naphthoquinone engqondweni, ebalulekile njengemibala ewolintshi kanye nokuba nokunambitheka okubabayo. Amaqabunga esihlahla ane-inositol njengesithako esisebenzayo, esitholakala kuvithamini C. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukubaluleka kwayo kuqokonyiswa ukuba khona kwe-nogalin emagobolondweni aluhlaza we-nati, lapho inezinhlobonhlobo eziningi ze-tannins ezine-astringent. izakhiwo.
Ngaphezu kokuba nezindawo zokulwa nesifo sohudo, lokhu kungenxa yayo yonke imiphumela yayo ye-astringent enayo ngenxa ye-tannins, enikeza izakhiwo ezizuzisayo ezicini ze-dermatological, ithandwa kakhulu esikhumbeni, isetshenziswa kabanzi ku-dermatitis ethile kwamanye amazwe njenge Germany. Ngaphezu kokunye ukusetshenziswa kwendabuko okufana nesifo sohudo esinamandla, ngisho nalabo abanemvelaphi yebhaktheriya, bakwazi ukwelapha izifo ezibangelwa amagciwane.
Ukusetshenziswa kweWalnut ngemithi
Isihlahla se-walnut sigqama ngesithelo saso esifunwa kakhulu ngezikhathi ezithile zonyaka, njengenkathi kaKhisimusi lapho kugujwa ubusuku bukaKhisimusi. Iphinde igqame ngezindawo zayo zokwelapha ezizohluka kuye ngokuthi isetshenziswa kanjani, kulokhu igqanyiswe ngezansi:
Umsebenzi Wangaphakathi
Ihambisana nalezo zikhathi ezingasetshenziselwa umphumela wangaphakathi njengoba esimweni sohudo, amaqabunga awo anokuqukethwe okuphezulu kwama-tannins kanye nezimo ze-astringent ezingasetshenziswa ngokumelene nesifo sohudo, lapho kusetshenziswa isipuni samaqabunga omile aphihlizwa endaweni. ingilazi yamanzi cishe imizuzu eyishumi, kutuswa ukuba udle isiphuzo izingilazi ezimbili ngosuku.
Ingasetshenziswa futhi ku-hypothyroidism, lapho ama-walnuts, ikakhulukazi aluhlaza, anengxenye ekhuthaza ukukhiqizwa kwamahomoni e-thyroid, lapho kudingekile ukupheka ama-4 walnuts ngelitha lamanzi cishe imizuzu engamashumi amabili, bese kufanele kudliwe 2. amanzi, anconywa ukuthi adle amantongomane amasha futhi asetshenziswe njengamafutha kumasaladi.
Njengoba ilungele ukusetshenziswa ngokumelene nokujuluka ngokweqile, ngaphezu kwamafutha e-Walnut ingasetshenziswa ukuxosha ama-parasites emathunjini, kunconywa ukuyidla ngesidlo sakusihlwa kanye nokugqoka izitsha zamazambane abilisiwe cishe ngamagremu angamashumi ayisithupha kawoyela we-Walnut.
Ukuqashwa Kwangaphandle
Endabeni yokusetshenziswa nge-astringent ethile, i-antifungal kanye ne-aseptic properties, isetshenziselwa kakhulu ama-juggles weqabunga nalapho isembozo samantongomane futhi ingasetshenziswa njengama-disinfectants.
Ngokuphathelene nokwelashwa kwangaphandle okudingwa yisikhumba, kungasetshenziswa nge-10% yamaqabunga omile ilitha ngalinye lamanzi, isetshenziswe ngesethi yokucindezela endaweni ethintekile lapho idlanzana lamaqabunga omile lifakwa emanzini, ngakho-ke, kunconywa kakhulu ukuthi isetshenziswe ekwelapheni utwayi, ibeke i-husk emanzini kuze kube yilapho ichitheka ngo-50%. Kusetshenziswa kuyo yonke indawo ethintekile.
Ingasetshenziselwa futhi ukuvimbela ukulahlekelwa izinwele, lapho ukumnika kufanele kwengezwe ezinweleni lapho ukuwa kwenzeka, ikakhulukazi ekukhishweni kwe-pericardium. Futhi isetshenziselwa izifo zesitho sangasese sowesifazane, lapho ukugeza kufakwa endaweni yangasese ukuze kuncishiswe ama-microorganisms akhona, kufakwe ezimweni zesimiso sokuphefumula, lapho izakhiwo zayo ezibulala amagciwane kanye nezibulala-magciwane zingaba nezinzuzo ngokumelene ne-pharyngitis ne-angina futhi isetshenziselwa ukulwa. i-tartar yamazinyo isebenzisa ukumnika okufanayo nokugeza umlomo.
Okunye Ukusetshenziswa Kwezithelo Ze-Walnut
I-juglones yesihlahla ibonakala ngokwenza umbala wemvelo, osetshenziswa kabanzi ukuze ube umbala wemvelo, usetshenziswa kabanzi ekukhiqizeni odayi bezinwele, usetshenziswa kabanzi embonini yezimonyo. Ukhuni lwama-Walnut lubonakala ngokuziswa kakhulu ezwenikazi laseYurophu lapho lusetshenziselwa khona ukwakhiwa kwamapiyano kanye nokwakhiwa kwezidunu zezibhamu. Ukutshalwa ukuze kutholwe izinkuni nezithelo (ama-walnuts), okuqokomisa ukukhula kwawo ekubeni izindawo ezibandayo, ngaphezu kokunikeza izinkuni ezinhle zokubasa kanye ne-lignite.
Amantongomane
Wonke amantongomane angagqama ngokuqukethwe kwawo emafutheni emifino e-polyunsaturated, afunwa kakhulu ukuze asetshenziswe kwezentengiso abe uwoyela wezinhloso eziningi, lapho uwoyela une-oleic acid eyi-monounsaturated (njengamafutha omnqumo) futhi isetshenziswa kabanzi ukwehlisa i-cholesterol ngenxa kokuqukethwe kwayo okuphezulu kwe-alpha-linolenic ne-linoleic acid (i-polyunsaturated), lokhu okugcina kusebenza kahle kakhulu ekuvimbeleni izifo ze-circulatory, ngakho-ke ukudla okuqhubekayo kunconywa ukusiza ukuvimbela izifo ezifana nesifo senhliziyo ku-myocardium.
Amafutha avela kumantongomane anesibopho sokwandisa ukunwebeka kwemithambo yegazi, ngale ndlela angakwazi ukuvimbela ukuhlangana nokucindezeleka enhliziyweni. Inamandla okuthuthukisa ukujikeleza kwegazi, lokhu kubangelwa ukukwazi ukuguqula i-alpha-linolenic acid ibe yi-prostglandins futhi ngaleyo ndlela izuze ukubukeka kwe-atherosclerosis.
Kudingekile ukuthi udle amantongomane ama-5 kahlanu ngesonto, esikhundleni semithombo yezinye izilwane, ngale ndlela ungakwazi ukunakekela inhliziyo ngaphezu kokukwazi ukudla amantongomane ahlinzeka ngenani elikhulu lama-calories, ngaphezu kokuba nesisindo esikhulu. inani lamavithamini E ancibilika emafutheni kanye ne-calcium futhi eza ukuzohlinzeka ngenani likavithamini C, B kanye neZinc.
Sithemba ukuthi le ndatshana ibe wusizo, sikushiyela abanye ozokuthakasela ngokuqinisekile: