Emhlabeni kunezimbali eziningi zazo zonke izinhlobo nemibala, noma kunjalo, akuzona zonke ezilungele ukumelana nanoma yiluphi uhlobo lwesimo sezulu. Kulesi sihloko, uzofunda ngezimbali zasehlobo ukuze uqonde izici zabo ezimangalisayo. Qhubeka ufunda.
izimbali zasehlobo
Lapho becabanga ngezimbali, abaningi bazihlobanisa nenkathi eyaziwa ngokuthi intwasahlobo futhi akukho kungabaza ngakho, njengoba kulapho iningi lezitshalo eziqhakaza likhula khona. Nokho, akunakuphikwa ukuthi zikhona ezinye izinkathi zonyaka lapho nazo ziqhakaza. Izimbali zasehlobo zingenye yazo, zikhula phakathi nalezi zinyanga futhi isici sazo esiyinhloko ukuthi zimelana kakhulu nokushisa. Ezinye izibonelo ezingashiwo yilezi: ubhekilanga, i-begonia, i-lavender, umlomo kadrako, phakathi kwabanye. Okulandelayo, sizochaza ukuthi yiziphi izinhlobo eziyinhloko:
Ujongilanga
Itholakala eNyakatho neMelika Ephakathi. Kuyaziwa ukuthi yatshalwa cishe ngo-1000 BC, kodwa kakade esikweni lama-Aztec kunezithombe zezithombe eziqoshiwe lapho yalinywa khona cishe ngo-2600 BC, njengobufakazi balokhu batholakala ekumbiweni kwaseSan Andrés. Kulawo masiko aboMdabu baseMelika, njengama-Aztec, ama-Otomi nama-Inca asePeru, ayelisebenzisa njengophawu lokumelela ilanga. Lokhu kwaboniswa lapho uFrancisco Pizarro, umnqobi waseSpain, eyombheka eTahuantinsuyo, lapho ehlonishwa abantu bomdabu.
Kwakuyilaba bafiki abathengisa le mbali eYurophu ekuqaleni kwekhulu le-XNUMX, futhi ngemva kwalokho yaqala ukutshalwa emhlabeni wonke, hhayi nje njengokuhlobisa kodwa nokudla. Futhi, ekhulwini le-XNUMX, lapho amafutha kabhekilanga eqala ukusetshenziswa eRussia, amalungu eSonto Lobu-Orthodox LaseRussia, njengoba ayengomunye wamafutha ambalwa ayengasetshenziswa, njengoba ayevunyelwe ukusetshenziswa kweLent. Ngekhulu le-XNUMX, yaqala ukuthengiswa nguDaniil Bokarev, owasungula indlela yokuyikhipha ngamanani amakhulu.
Ukuze sazi ukuthi sibhekene nale mbali yasehlobo, izici ezilandelayo zingagqanyiswa. Kuyisitshalo esizalwa minyaka yonke. Ubude bayo bungaba phakathi kwemitha elilodwa namathathu. Iqukethe uhlobo lwezinwele ezimahhadlahhadla, futhi iziqu zayo namaqabunga ahlelwe ngendlela eqondile futhi emide. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, lesi sitshalo sinengxenye emaphakathi ehlanganisa izimbali eziningana ezihlezi, ezibekwe njengokungathi kudiski noma endebeni futhi zona zivikelwe ama-bracts noma amapheshana.
Ngakolunye uhlangothi, kungaphawulwa ukuthi izimbali zayo zangaphandle ziphuzi, kuyilapho ezincane ngaphakathi zikhanya kuya kumnyama omnyama. Ngaphambi kokuba ubandlululo lwamukele, ama-anthers ayavuthwa. Ukusabalala okuvamile kwenzeka ngokuzalanisa nabanye. Izithelo ngokuvamile zinombala okhilimu, kanti ezinye zinemigqa emihle enombala omnyama neqondile, equkethe izikali ezimbili, futhi ubukhulu bungahluka kusuka kumamilimitha amathathu kuya kwangu-3.
IGazania
Kuyikilasi lezimbali zasehlobo eziqine kakhulu ezingadingi ukunakekelwa okuningi futhi ziqhakaze cishe unyaka wonke, ikakhulukazi ezindaweni ezishisayo, nakuba zivame ukuqhakaza kusukela entwasahlobo kuya ngasekupheleni kwehlobo. Bonke bavala njalo ebusuku ukuze baphinde bavule izimbali zabo, njengedaisy, emini. Kunezinhlobonhlobo eziningi zeGazania kuye ngokuthi izimbali zazo zinemibala enjani futhi amaqabunga awo anombala oluhlaza okotshani okhanyayo osiliva. Kuyisitshalo esingakhuli kakhulu futhi siyaqhakaza lapho sibekwe elangeni eligcwele. Isimo sezulu kufanele sibe mnene, simelane nesithwathwa esingavamile esifika ku-5ºC.
Kufanele iniselwe kaningi ehlobo, kodwa ngaphandle kokweqisa, lapho umanyolo ungongeza khona ngesikhathi sokuqhakaza njalo ezinsukwini eziyi-15. Uma sifuna ukuthi ziqhakaze njalo, kufanele sisuse izimbali ezibunile futhi sicabangele ukuthi zinesilinganiso sokuphila kweminyaka emihlanu. Kunezinhlobo ezineziqu ezinjengezivini ukuze zisetshenziselwe ukwakha izihlahla noma ama-massifs. Iphinde ilungele ukusetshenziswa ulwandle, ngoba ayithinteki usawoti, nakuba idinga inhlabathi evundile kakhulu futhi enomswakama kancane.
canna indica
Kuyisitshalo se-rhizomatous esineziqu eziqondile esivame ukusetshenziswa engadini ukwakha amaqoqo amahle angawodwa. Amaqabunga aluhlaza okotshani, anomumo we-lanceolate. Izimbali ziyi-tubular futhi zakha amaqoqo ekugcineni kwesiqu esiwugqinsi. Banemibala egqamile: ebomvu, ephuzi enamabala abomvu, sitrobheli noma ithanga. Kufanele futhi ibekwe endaweni enelanga futhi evikelekile njengoba izwela emakhazeni nomoya, noma ngabe ikhanya. Ukuchelela kuzoba kuningi ehlobo futhi kucishe kungabi nalutho ebusika.
Ayifuni kakhulu ngokwenhlabathi, ngakho-ke ingatshalwa kunoma yiluphi uhlobo lwenhlabathi; nakuba ehlala ekwazisa umquba omuhle onobulongwe. Isikhathi sokutshala noma ukuhambisa ama-rhizomes sisekupheleni kobusika noma ekuqaleni kwentwasahlobo. Kufanele zitshalwe cishe ngo-30-50 cm. kude nomunye. Kunconywa ukumba ama-rhizomes ngemuva kokuqhakaza. Uma isitshalo sesibunile, sihlanze futhi usigcine endaweni eyomile, emnyama kuze kufike isikhathi sokutshala kabusha. Isifo esivame kakhulu u-Achira angaphathwa yi-bud rot, okubangelwa ukugcwala ngokweqile kwamanzi.
Umlomo wedrako
Kuyikilasi lezimbali zasehlobo ezisuka endaweni yaseMedithera, ingakhula phakathi kwama-40 no-60 cm ubude, kodwa kunezimo eziningi lapho ingafinyelela kumitha ubude. Lona usayizi ojwayelekile walesi sitshalo. Zonke zinamaqabunga ahlelwe ngendlela ye-cascade, lokhu kungase kube ukukhanga kwabo okukhulu, ngoba emvelweni kunezitshalo ezimbalwa ezikhula ngokwemvelo ngale ndlela, ezinye kufanele zitshalwe kuma-hangers, ngakho-ke zingathuthukiswa ngale ndlela. ekhethekile.
UPetunias
Izimbali zasehlobo zohlobo oluhlala njalo, ezihlukaniswa njengezonyaka. Zincane ngosayizi, ezincane kunazo zonke zilinganisa amasentimitha angu-15 futhi ezinkulu kunazo zonke ngamasentimitha angu-60, kuye ngezinhlobonhlobo noma izinhlobo. Amaqabunga alesi sitshalo ahlelwa ngokuhlukile noma ngokuphambene, okungukuthi, elinye ngaphezu kwelinye. Umumo wayo unwetshiwe kwezinye izimo futhi uyindilinga kwezinye, ubonisa imiphetho yonke futhi umbozwe uboya obunokuthungwa okunamathela kancane. Ngokuqondene neziqu zazo, lezi zitshalo zinezinhlamvu ezinamagatsha kakhulu futhi ubukhulu bazo abudluli amasentimitha angu-45 ubude.
Izimbali zivela emaphethelweni amagatsha. Inomumo wecilongo noma insimbi, inqubo yokuqhakaza iqinile, iqala entwasahlobo futhi iqhubeke kuze kube sekupheleni kwekwindla. Ngaphezu kwalokho, zinemibala ehlukene, kukhona ngisho nohlobo lwemibala emibili. Kunemibala efana nomhlophe, i-lavender noma i-lavender, eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka, ophuzi, obomvu ngisho nomnyama. Umbala ongenawo owolintshi kuphela. Elinye iqiniso mayelana nezakhiwo ukuthi, nakuba zingabhalisiwe njengezitshalo ezinephunga elimnandi, zikhipha iphunga elimnandi.
AmaGeranium
Izimbali zasehlobo ezingahlukaniswa njengezonyaka, i-biennials, kanye ne-perennials, okuzenza zilungele ukuboniswa ezindaweni ezivulekile. Ngaphezu kokuba nephunga elicashile. Lesi sitshalo esiqondile nesinesihlahla, esingafinyelela kumitha nesigamu ukuphakama, sizalwa ngeziqu ezivundlile kusuka emhlabathini, okungukuthi, kusukela esiqwini esingaphansi komhlaba esinama-buds amaningana akhula avundlile, lapho kuzalwa khona izimpande namahlumela amaqabunga. ama-node. Iziqu zine-herbaceous lapho zizalwa futhi esigabeni sokukhula ziba zikhuni lapho igatsha selivuthwa.
Amaqabunga ayi-orbicular, okusho ukuthi, acishe abe yindilinga, anezingxenye ezintathu noma ezinhlanu ezilobed, anamaqabunga anoboya. Izimbali zayo zithwetshulwa ngamapheya ohlobo lwendlala enoboya, izindwani noma izitho zamaqabunga eduze kwezimbali ziyi-lanceolate ne-sessile. Lezi zimbali zakha i-inflorescence ebizwa ngokuthi i-pleocasium, okusho ukuthi ngaphansi kwe-axis eyinhloko, egcina ngembali, amagatsha ezimbali amathathu noma ngaphezulu aseceleni akhiwa. Izimbali zimise okwesambulela futhi zingatholakala ngemibala ehlukahlukene, kusukela ekukhanyeni kuya kokumnyama.
I-Verbenas
Kunganqunywa ukuthi leli klasi lezitshalo liwuhlobo olungapheli noma lwe-biennial herbaceous oluneshelufu ende yokuphila. Kuwumcamelo noma isitshalo esinwabuzelayo esinobude obufika kumasentimitha angama-25. Amaqabunga abhekene namanye futhi ayahlukahluka kuye ngobude lapho ekhona. Ezingaphezulu zinama-peduncle anonqenqema olujijekile anamaqabunga amaningi e-lanceolate, eziphansi zisikiwe futhi ezincane zi-sessile, okungukuthi, azikhuli isiqu.
Ngokuqondene nembali, ibunjwe njengeshubhu elincane kakhulu, elinama-inflorescence e-dichotomous lapho i-axis eyinhloko iphetha ngembali. Zingaba ngemibala ehlukene njengonsomi, opinki ophaphathekile, omhlophe, obomvu, osawolintshi okwenza kube isitshalo esidonsa amehlo ngempela ngokunakekelwa okuncane. Lesi sitshalo sidinga ukukhanya kwelanga okuhle. Kudinga ukuchelela okuncane, ngoba zingabekwa kude futhi zinamanzi amancane, agwema njalo ukuvimbela amanzi, okwenza kube nesimiso esihle sokukhipha amanzi. Ngokuqondene ne-substrate, kufanele ivundiswe ngomquba we-organic kanye nesihlabathi.
UMarigold
I-Calendula iwuhlobo lwe-daisy ephuzi enamathoni awolintshi aqinile angahlukaniswa njengesitshalo esifushane, esiminyene kakhulu se-herbaceous esivame ukuqhakaza isikhathi esiningi sonyaka. Zingaba ngaphandle, kuma-patios noma kuma-balconi. I-Calendula ingenye yalezo zimbali ezingasetshenziswa cishe noma yini, uma wazi ukuthi uzisebenzisa kanjani. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, amafutha atholakala kulolu hlobo lwezimbali zasebusika adinga kakhulu izindawo zokuphulukisa.
I-Hibiscus noma i-Hibiscus
Leli ikilasi lezimbali zasehlobo, elikhule lisuka ohlotsheni lwesihlahla esidabuka e-Asia oluqala ukuqhakaza maphakathi nentwasahlobo bese luphetha inkathi yalo ekuqaleni kwekwindla. Bafinyelela ubude obuyi-1 kuya ku-2 m. Izimbali zayo zinkulu, zinobubanzi obuyi-10 kuye ku-15 cm, zinamacembe ama-5 abomvu, apinki, amhlophe noma ama-bicolor. Ingatshalwa ngezindlela ezahlukene, ezivame kakhulu izimbiza ezinothango.
AmaNemesia
Ziyizitshalo ezincane zaminyaka yonke ezicishe zibe ngu-45 cm ubude, ezinamahlamvu aluhlaza okhanyayo naphambana nawo, angaba wonke noma ajike. Izimbali ezikhangayo zivela ngamaqoqo futhi zincane futhi ziningi (imibala eminingi ehlukene ivela). Ziqhakaza ehlobo nasentwasahlobo. Angasetshenziswa kuma-balconi nasezintabeni noma kumatshe, imibhede, ama-curbs noma imingcele exubile engadini. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, idinga ukuvezwa elangeni eligcwele (gwema ilanga elinamandla lasemini endaweni yesimo sezulu saseMedithera) futhi ayikwazi ukubekezelela ukushintsha kwezinga lokushisa, amakhaza noma umswakama owedlulele.
ILobelia
Kuyisitshalo esibonakala ngokwakheka kwezimbali eziyingqayizivele, ezisuka eningizimu yezwekazi lase-Afrika. Iwuhlobo lwezitshalo oluhlanganisa izinhlobo ezingaphezu kuka-400 ezihlukene, lukhula lube izihlahla, nakuba lungabuye lutshalwe ezimbizeni. Incane ngosayizi, njengoba ingafinyelela cishe ku-30 cm ubude. Inomumo webhola, ngakho-ke ivame ukutshalwa ezitsheni ezinkulu. Futhi, iwunyaka noma, ngamanye amazwi, iyakhula, izimbali futhi ife ngonyaka ofanayo. Kodwa-ke, ezindaweni ezishisayo ingaziphatha njengezinhlobo ezingapheli.
Amaqabunga alezi zimbali zasehlobo ahlukile, a-oval futhi a-spatula. Kodwa, uma kukhona into edonsa ukunaka kwalesi sitshalo, ukuqhakaza kwaso. Endabeni ethile yezimbali zayo, lezi ziqala ukukhula entwasahlobo futhi izimbali zayo zingahlala kuze kube sekupheleni kwekwindla. Amacembe awo anombala oluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka ogcwalisa wonke amakhona ngokuphila nokuzola. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, kungaphawulwa ukuthi kunezinhlobonhlobo eziningi ze-shades ukuthi lesi sigaba sezimbali zase-Afrika singathuthuka, okungukuthi, esimhlophe, esipinki noma esibomvu.
I-Lavender
Ingenye yezimbali zasehlobo ezidume kakhulu emhlabeni, hhayi nje ngomlingiswa wayo wokuhlobisa, kodwa futhi nenani lezakhiwo ezijabulelayo. Iphunga layo elimnandi lisetshenziswa emikhiqizweni ehlukahlukene, izimonyo, ukunakekelwa komzimba nasekhaya, futhi njengephunga futhi, yiqiniso, njengesitshalo sokwelapha. Ivela esifundeni saseMedithera saseYurophu. Ziyizimbali ezincane ezihluma ngobuningi futhi ziwumbukwane wangempela onephunga elimnandi.
Lesi sitshalo siyisihlahla sasendle, uhlobo olumnandi olungapheli oluneziqu ezinamagatsha, ezingafinyelela kumitha elingu-1 ukuphakama. Isiqu sinokhuni futhi simile lapho kuvela khona amagatsha athile aluhlaza. Amaqabunga aphelele futhi ayindilinga, aluhlaza okotshani ngombala, akhula ngokuphambana futhi mancane, anesikhumba esincane. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, kuyadingeka ukuveza ukuthi izimbali zayo ezincane ezinsomi ezinamacengezi angama-cylindrical terminal zingaqukatha ama-specimens aphakathi kuka-6 kuya kwayi-10.
Zinnia
Kuyisitshalo saminyaka yonke esidabuka eNyakatho Melika sobukhulu obuncane obufinyelela phakathi kwamasentimitha ayi-15 no-90 ukuphakama kuye ngezinhlobonhlobo. Izimbali zayo, ezifana nalezo zama-dahlias, zingatholakala ngemibala ehlukahlukene futhi zingaba munye, ziphindwe kabili noma zibe-bicolor. Amahlamvu anomaholoholo uma uwathinta, amise okweqanda futhi anombala oluhlaza okotshani. Lezi zitshalo ziqhakaza kusukela entwasahlobo kuya ekwindla futhi zilungele kokubili ukubumba nokulima.
Izinhlobonhlobo zalezi zimbali zasehlobo ezineziqu eziluhlaza zilungele ukusika nokubeka ku-vase. Ama-Zinnias athanda ilanga namazinga okushisa afudumele. Badinga i-substrate elula nokunisela njalo, kodwa ngaphandle kokukhukhula noma ukumanzisa amaqabunga. Izimbali, kuzomele sizisuse uma sezibunile futhi sizozikhokhela njalo ezinsukwini eziyi-15 ngomanyolo othize wezitshalo eziqhakaza. Ukukhiqiza kabusha entwasahlobo kwenziwa ngembewu.
I-Convolvulus
Ziyikilasi lezimbali zasehlobo ezikhula unyaka ngamunye, ezivela ezindaweni ezipholile nezifudumele zomhlaba. Zibonakala ngokuba nezimbali ezimile ezimise okwecilongo, ezinemibala engaba mhlophe, i-violet-bluish, epinki noma e-bicolor echayeka elangeni. Zingakhula zibe ngamamitha angu-2 ukuphakama, kodwa ekulimeni azivamile ukweqa ama-30 cm. Athakazelisa kakhulu ukumboza phansi, kodwa ungaba nawo emabhodweni.
eJerusalema artichokes
Isitshalo esingapheli singu-0,5 kuya ku-2 m ubude, isiqu siqondile. Amaqabunga ama-petiolate abhekene ngaphansi kwesiqu, ashintshana phezulu. Futhi, zibanzi futhi ziyi-ovoid enemiphetho ejijekile; eziphansi zingaba ngu-30 cm ubude, ezingaphezulu zincane futhi zibe mncane. Ngokuqondene nezimbali zalesi sitshalo, kungashiwo ukuthi ziphuzi futhi zinobubanzi obungamasentimitha ayi-5 kuye kwayi-10. Ama-florets afinyelela amashumi amathathu futhi anombala ofanayo. Izithelo ziyi-achenes efana kakhulu naleyo ye-sunflower, okungukuthi, ne-villain ene-awns eyinhloko engu-2-9-12mm kanye ne-deltoids engu-1 noma engu-2 encane.
Begonia
Kuwuhlobo lwezitshalo ezingowomndeni wakwaBegoniaceae. Itholakala ezindaweni ezishisayo zamazwekazi aseMelika, e-Afrika nase-Asia. Izimbali ziyahlukahluka ngokwakheka nangobukhulu, umbala ubaluleke kakhulu njengoba ushubile futhi uthambile. Kunezinhlobo ezingaba ngu-1500 phakathi kwalolu hlobo, kodwa ziyi-150 kuphela ezisetshenziselwa ukwakheka kwezwe. Amacembe anesici kakhulu, ngenxa yobukhulu bawo, ububanzi nokukhanya, anomumo we-helix ohlelwe ngezigaba eyodwa phezu kwesinye. Ngaphezu kokumelelwa kwezinhlobo ze-hybrid, kukhona futhi pink nokubomvu phakathi kwemibala.
Uma uthanda lesi sihloko Yiziphi izimbali zasehlobo futhi zinjani? futhi ufuna ukufunda okwengeziwe ngezinye izihloko ezithakazelisayo, ungabheka izixhumanisi ezilandelayo: