I-Flora ye-Savannah, Izimpawu, Izinhlobo Nokwengeziwe ▷➡️ Postposmo

I-ecosystem imele isici esibalulekile kuwo wonke amaplanethi omhlaba, ihlinzeka ngezinhlobonhlobo, ubuhle kanye nokukhethekile. Ukugqamisa kuleli cala i-ecosystem ye-savannah, eyenziwe ngenani elikhulu lezinhlobo nezici eziyingqayizivele, esihlokweni esilandelayo sizofunda ngezitshalo ze-savannah nezinye izici eziningi ezihlanganisa le ndawo.

I-Savannah Ecosystem

Iplanethi enguMhlaba imbozwe ubuhle bemvelo obuhlukahlukene, kukhumbula izitshalo ezihlukene, izinhlobonhlobo zezilwane nezinhlobo ezahlukene zezindawo, okuwenza ube yiplanethi ehlukahlukene futhi enhle ngokwemvelo, ngenxa yalokhu zonke izindawo ezihlala kuzo zahlukaniswa zaba yizinto eziphilayo ezizihlukanisayo. qoqa isethi yezici ukuze uzenze zihluke futhi zihluke, kulokhu kuzogqanyiswa uhlelo lwe-savannah ecosystem.

I-savannah ecosystem iyindawo eyakhiwe izindawo ezinde zezwe ezaziwa ngokuthi amathafa. Kuwuhlobo lwe-biome, incazelo esetshenziselwa ukuchaza indawo eyakhiwe izitshalo nezilwane, zinekhava yesihlahla esincane kakhulu noma izinhlobo ezimbalwa ezikhona zincane kakhulu.

Abanye ochwepheshe bayakuqinisekisa ukuthi izici zama-savannah ziyefana namahlathi kanye nezizinda ezinotshani, njengoba zibalulekile ngokuba yizindawo ezome kakhulu ezididaniswa nezingwadule eziwugwadule, lokhu kubangelwa isomiso esikhulu nezinkathi zemvula eziningi. . Ama-savannah atholakala emhlabeni amelela ukukhanga okukhulu okubonakalayo, ikakhulukazi ngenxa yesimo sawo sendawo, lapho kukhona nama-savannah asezintabeni anezindawo eziphakeme ezimakwe kakhulu. AmaSavanna awuhlobo lwe-ecosystem enezinhlobo ezahlukene zezitshalo, izilwane kanye nezimo zezulu.

Ama-Savannah awuhlobo lwe-terrestrial biome, yingakho etholakala kwezinye izindawo zezindawo ezifudumele zeplanethi. Izinkathi zakhona zemvula zenzeka kanye kuphela ngonyaka kodwa ezinkathini ezinde kakhulu, ingxenye esele yonyaka ibonwa kuphela izinkathi ezomile eziphawuleka kakhulu. Lolu hlobo lwezici yilo olulwenza lufakwe kusigaba soshintsho lwezindawo ezihlala ogwadule kanye nehlathi.

Ama-savannah atholakala ezindaweni ezishisayo lapho isimo sezulu esomile kakhulu, kunomswakama ophansi kakhulu kanye nezikhathi ezinde zesomiso, lapho izinga lokushisa lawo licishe libe ngu-17º C, lezi zikhathi zesomiso zithatha cishe izinyanga ezinhlanu bese ziba khona kusukela ku-100 mm kuze kufike. 1300 mm imvula. Izindawo zezindawo zama-savannahs zitholakala ikakhulukazi emazwenikazi, njengoba zivame kakhulu ebubanzini bamazwekazi ase-Afrika, kukhona namanye amashidi kulezo zifunda ezishisayo zase-Australia, eNdiya naseNingizimu Melika, athandwa kakhulu kulezi zakamuva ezitholakala Venezuela, Brazil kanye Colombia.

i-savannah flora

I-flora iqoqo lezitshalo ezitholakala endaweni ethile yendawo, zimelela ungqimba lwemifino olukhethekile esifundeni, okuyisici esiyingqayizivele nesikhethekile se-ecosystem ngayinye emhlabeni. Lesi sici kanye nezilwane simelela enye yezinto eziyinhloko ezakha i-biome eveza ukuphila endaweni ethile.

I-savannah yakhiwe izinhlobo ezahlukene zotshani, iwuhlobo lotshani obukhula ngendlela ehlelekile ezweni lonke futhi ngaphandle kohlobo olukhethekile lwesitshalo, lumelela uhlobo olubalulekile lokudla kwezilwane ezifana nezinyamazane, izimvu, phakathi abanye. Phakathi kwezinhlobo ezahlukene zotshani singabala i-lemongrass, i-rhodesgrass, i-stargrass kanye notshani be-Bermuda, phakathi kokunye okuningi, ukwethula isandiso esikhulu sotshani bezinhlobo ezihlukahlukene.

Kunezihlahla ezimbalwa kakhulu futhi ezintulekayo, ziwuhlobo lwesitshalo esinesiqu sokhuni, ama-ramification aqinile phansi, kanye nama-bulb namagatsha phakathi kwazo zonke izinkomishi zaso ezinokwakheka okuhlukahlukene. Phakathi kwe-savannah kunezinhlobo zezihlahla ezivelele kakhulu njenge-acacias, i-baobab kanye ne-jackalberry; ziwuhlobo lwesihlahla esineziqu eziwugqinsi futhi ezinamahlamvu, endabeni yomtholo ziwuhlobo lwesihlahla esincanyana kodwa esinde kakhulu, esihlobanisa njengomthombo oyinhloko wokudla kwezindlulamithi.

Ngenxa yezimo zayo zezulu, izimila zama-savannah bezilokhu zishintsha futhi zishintsha ukuze zimelane nezinguquko ezihlukahlukene zezinga lokushisa okuvezwa kuzo lezi zimiso zemvelo. Kulokhu, kuyabonakala ukuthi izitshalo zinezimpande ezijulile kanye neziqu ezinde kakhulu; lokhu kungenxa yokuthi ufuna ukufinyelela kumaminerali ahlukene owadingayo njengesitshalo kanye nazo zonke imisoco etholakala emhlabathini.

Ama-savannah aseMpumalanga Afrika amele indawo yezwe enokuqukethwe okuphezulu kwezihlahla zomtholo. Iwuhlobo olujwayeleke kakhulu lwesihlahla kulelo zwekazi, elibuye laziwe ngamagama otshani bendlovu ngoba bufika ezindaweni eziphakeme (ubuncane obungamafidi ayi-10) futhi bumele umthombo wokudla wezilwane ezincelisayo ezinkulu, lolu hlobo lwesihlahla lukhula eduze nemifula namachibi. .

Izihlahla ze-Baobab zithathwa njengezinye zezihlahla ezithandwa kakhulu emhlabeni, zitholakala emathafeni ase-Afrika naseNdiya, ezaziwa ngokuthi isihlahla sebhodlela noma isinkwa senkawu. Ikhula ibe ngamamitha angu-80 ubude futhi ibhekwa njengezinhlobo eziphila isikhathi eside, eziphila iminyaka eyizinkulungwane. Lolu hlobo lwesihlahla ludonsela ukunaka ekwethuleni ukubukeka kokutshalwa sibheke phansi, futhi kunezinganekwane eziningi ngemvelaphi yaso. Ngaphezu kwalokho, izithelo zayo zinkulu kakhulu futhi izizwe eziseduze zivame ukukhuphuka ukuze zithole njengokudla kanye nezakhiwo zayo zokwelapha.

Izihlahla zikagamthilini zingolunye uhlobo lwesihlahla esibonwa emathafeni, ikakhulukazi e-Australia, wuhlobo lwesihlahla esingatuswanga njengesihlobiso ngenxa yezimpande zaso ezihlaselayo futhi simunca amaminerali atholakala emhlabathini, aze afike ezingeni lokufika. ukubaphuca. Ngenxa yalesi sizathu, zibonakala kakhulu kulolu hlobo lwe-ecosystem ngenxa yezandiso ezinkulu zomhlaba ezihlala kuzo futhi ezivumela ukuthuthukiswa okufanele kwezimpande zazo.

Izitshalo ezibonwa e-savannah ziningi kakhulu futhi zingowomndeni wotshani nama-sedges, okuwuhlobo lwezitshalo ezifinyelela kumamitha ayi-6 ukuphakama, ngenxa yalokhu zibukeka njengezihlahlana, ezakhiwe ngesihlahla esikhulu. izinhlobonhlobo zezihlahla nezinye izihlahla, kuwuhlobo lwezingqimba zezitshalo ezivumelana nesimo sezulu sendawo, zimelana kakhulu nezikhathi zesomiso okuthi ngezikhathi ezithile zonyaka zidale imililo. Nazi ezinye ezivelele kakhulu:

Utshani "umunwe ojwayelekile" (Digitaria Eriantha)

Ibhekwa njengezinhlobo zotshani ezibaluleke kakhulu ze-savannah yase-Afrika, inamaqabunga amakhulu ahlala isikhathi eside, ikakhulukazi ngezikhathi zesomiso. Iwuhlobo lwesitshalo oluhlukaniswa kalula ngokuba nesimo seminwe esabalaliswa kuso sonke isiqu.

I-Bluestem Bluestem Grass (i-Genus Bothriochloa)

Iwuhlobo lotshani olutholakala ezindaweni ezinesimo sezulu esifudumele kakhulu. Babonisa uhlobo olubaluleke kakhulu ezindaweni ezihlala emahlathini ase-Afrika, eMadagascar, e-Indonesia, ePolynesia naseNew Caledonia.

Isihlahla se-Jackal Berry (Diospyros Mespiliformis)

Ibhekwa njengenye yezindawo eziphezulu kakhulu zemvelo ezikhona kuma-savannah, nakuba ingajwayelekile ngokuphelele. Banegxolo elivuthwe kakhulu nelimpunga. Izihlahla zinezimbali eziminyene kakhulu namahlamvu amakhulu.

Isihlahla seCandelabra (Euphorbia Ingens)

Kuyisitshalo esizacile somndeni we-succulent, efana ne-cacti, ingabonakala kulezo zindawo ezivela ezindaweni ezomile nezifudumele zezwekazi lase-Afrika.

Buffalo Thorn Bush (Ziziphus Mucronata)

Yaziwa njengohlobo lwesihlahla esifinyelela kumamitha ayi-10 ukuphakama, siphila ezinhlotsheni ezahlukene zenhlabathi futhi sitholakala ezinhlotsheni ezihlukene zezindawo zokuhlala, sinombala obomvu onsundu noma ompunga onamabala.

Uhlobo Lwezitshalo Savannah

Iwuhlobo lwezitshalo ezinomthwalo wemfanelo wokumboza i-savannah ecosystem, ehlanganisa izifunda ezinamakhambi esizukulwaneni i-Adropogon, Aristidia, Louditia, Atreba kanye ne-Triodoa, ivame kakhulu ezifundeni zase-Australia. Iwuhlobo lwezinhlobo ezedlula amamitha amabili ukuphakama, ludideke ezindaweni ezisemaqeleni ngoba lunezimpande eziminyene kanye neqoqo lembewu egqame kakhulu.

Izihlahla Ezihlukahlukene

Iveza izinhlobonhlobo ezinkulu zezitshalo, ziwuhlobo lotshani obubonwa emasimini ase-Amazon. Lapho kwakukhona khona izihlahla nezihlahla ezihlukahlukene ezivela e-campo cerrado, inenani elikhulu lezihlahla eziningi ezaziwa ngokuthi amahlathi acwebile.

Izici

Inezimpande ezinamandla futhi ezijulile impela, amaqabunga aluhlaza athintwa izinkathi zonyaka, abonakala enkathini eyomile eneziqu eziphansi, ethola imiqhele enyakazayo, kanye namagxolo okuvikela phakathi kwemililo namaqabunga amakhulu.

I-Savannah Wildlife

Izilwane ziyiqoqo lezilwane ezitholakala endaweni ethile yokuhlala. Izinhlobo zezilwane ziyahlukahluka ngokuya nge-abiotic, biotic, sezulu kanye nezici zendawo ezihlanganisa leyo ndawo. Iqokomisa izinhlobonhlobo zezinto eziphilayo ezinkulu kuye ngendawo abahlala kuyo, endabeni yama-savannah baveza uhlobo oluvelele kakhulu noluyingqayizivele lwezilwane.

Izilwane ze-savannah zimakwe kakhulu ezwenikazi lase-Afrika, lapho kubonwa khona izilwane eziningi ezidla utshani kanye nezidla inyama, konke lokhu kuphawuleka kakhulu ngokuba indawo ecebile ngamakhambi, ngakho-ke, kunezilwane ezidla uhlaza ukuthi ukudla kwazo okuyinhloko yizitshalo. ziwuhlobo lwezinhlobo ezihlala ngokwemihlambi, phakathi kwazo singagqamisa amadube, izindlovu, izindlulamithi, izinyathi, izinsephe, izintshe nokunye okuningi.

Lesi simiso sezinto eziphilayo sinenani elikhulu lezinhlobo ezidla uhlaza ezimelela umthombo omkhulu wokudla kwezilwane ezidla inyama ezihlala kuyo. Kulokhu, amabhubesi, izingulule, izinja zasendle, izingwe, izimamba, izimpisi, phakathi kwezinye, ziyagqama. Lapho umthombo wazo oyinhloko wokudla kuyizilwane ezidla uhlaza, ngokuhamba kwesikhathi nokuvela kwezinhlobo zezilwane, lezi zilwane zithole indlela yokusinda ekuhlaselweni kwalezi zilwane ezincelisayo.

Iningi lazo zonke izinhlobo ezitholakala endaweni ye-savannah zihlala emihlambini, zibuka izinhlobonhlobo zezinto eziphilayo, izinyoni ezinamaphiko abanzi kakhulu ukuze zihambe uhambo olude kanye nezilwane ezincelisayo zinemilenze emide futhi enamandla, okugqamisa kulokhu izinsephe nezintshe. baziwa kakhulu ngesivinini sabo esibi kakhulu sokukwazi ukubalekela izilwane ezidla ezinye.

Ngokufanayo, izindlulamithi ziwuhlobo lwezilwane ezisebenzisa ubude bazo ngendlela ezuzisayo, ezikwazi ukubona ngeso lengqondo izilwane ezizidlayo zisekude futhi zikwazi ukuzibalekela, njengoba nje nezindlovu zisebenzisa ubukhulu namandla azo ukuze zixoshe izilwane ezidla inyama ezisondela kuzo.

Ama-savannah anenani elikhulu lezilwane ezidla ezinye, njenge-cheetah, i-feline ekwazi ukugijima amamayela angu-70 ngehora ukuzingela inyamazane yayo, ibhekwa njengesilwane esincelisayo esisheshayo emhlabeni. Ezinye izinhlobo zezinhlobo ezidume kakhulu ezifana nendlovu, amabhubesi, izimpisi nezinye eziningi, zihlukile futhi zikhethekile kulezi zindawo zemvelo.

Ingenye yemvelo enenani elikhulu lezilwane ezidla uhlaza okuthe ngokuhamba kwesikhathi zajwayela ukudla izitshalo ezilethwa indawo. Ezinye zalezi zinhlobo zezilwane zitholakala kulezi zindawo kuphela, njenge-Cinereus koala, isilwane esincelisayo esitholakala emathafeni ase-Australia, esidla izihlahla zikagamthilini (ezivamile endaweni) futhi siqwala izihlahla kalula ngenxa yezinzipho zaso ezinkulu, zibona indlela yokuziphatha. ehluke kancane kulawo makoala atholakala kwezinye izinhlobo ze-ecosystem.

Esinye sezici zayo eziyinhloko izinhlobo zayo ezidla inyama, lapho enkulu kunazo zonke ibhubesi, ngoba le ndawo ilungele ukuzingela yilezi zilwane, ikakhulukazi ngenxa yotshani obuphansi kanye nombono wayo obanzi, yingakho iqoqa obuningi babo kulokhu. i-ecosystem.

Izinhlobo ze-Savannah

Yindawo esabalale ezindaweni ezahlukahlukene zomhlaba, ikakhulukazi eZwenikazi lase-Afrika naseNingizimu Melika, naphezu kwakho konke umehluko phakathi kwama-savannah atholakala ezwenikazi ngalinye, ngenxa yalokhu ahlukaniswa kucatshangelwa izici ezinjengalezi. izitshalo, izilwane, igeography, izinga lokushisa nomhlabathi, kuchazwe ngezansi:

I-Intertropical Savannah

SIbhekwa njengohlobo lwe-savannah eyaziwa kakhulu ngokwethula i-latitudes ephezulu, iyisici sohlobo lwe-savannah yezwekazi lase-Afrika esifundeni esisempumalanga, ikakhulukazi isifunda esitholakala e-Serengenti eduze neTanzania. Ziwuhlobo lwama-savannah anesimo sezulu esifudumele kodwa esinezikhathi ezinde zesomiso; esinye sezici zayo eziyinhloko ukuthi inhlabathi empofu kakhulu, okuqukethwe kwamaminerali aphansi futhi yome kakhulu. Inesimo sezulu esifudumele kodwa ngezinkathi ezithile zemvula, iphinde ibe nenani elikhulu lezilwane ezincelisayo, okuhlanganisa ukuhlukahluka kwezinyoni nezinambuzane, okugqamisayo. iqiniso lokuba nezimila ezivelele kakhulu.

i-savannah epholile

Ama-savannah asezingeni eliphansi atholakala ezindaweni eziphakathi nendawo, ngenxa yalokhu adidekile namathafa futhi naphezu kwalokhu, abonakala emazwenikazi amahlanu. Zibonakala ngokubonakala kakhulu ezifundeni zase-Asia Emaphakathi futhi ngaphezu kokuba nehlobo elinomswakama othe xaxa, nobusika obomile nobubandayo. Izitshalo zayo zinezimpande ezijulile futhi ezigqame kakhulu ezivikela umhlabathi, okuqinisekisa ukuthi inhlabathi evundile kakhulu, enokuqukethwe okuphezulu kwezinhlobo zezitshalo ezweni lawo.

I-savannah yaseMedithera

Ama-savannah aseMedithera atholakala ezindaweni eziphakathi kwawo wonke amazwekazi, anesimo sezulu esifana kakhulu ne-Mediterranean noma i-semi-arid, okubangela ukuthi babe nezimila ezincane kakhulu. Lolu hlobo lwe-savannah lusatshalaliswa ezwenikazi lase-Afrika lapho lubonakala khona ngaphambiliubukhona bezindlulamithi, izindlovu, amabhubesi, izingulule, phakathi kwezinye izilwane ezincelisayo.

I-Mountain Savannah

Imele uhlobo lwe-ecosystem etholakala ezindaweni eziphakeme kakhulu zezintaba, ezithathwa njengezindawo ezingaphansi kwe-subalpine kusukela ngaleso sikhathiama-lpines ayabonakalanjengawo wonke amaplanethi omhlaba kodwa ikakhulukazi ezintabeni zase-Afrika, ehlukile kwezinye izinhlobo zama-savannah ngokwethula inani eliphakeme kakhulu lemvula onyakeni, igqamisa ukuphakama, yingakho itholakala ezindaweni ezinomswakama kakhulu futhi ezijwayele imvula, ngenxaNgethula wenan izinga eliphezulu lezitshalo kanye nezinhlobonhlobo zezinto eziphilayo ezihluke ngokuphelele kwamanye ama-savannah.