I-Environmental Impact Study iyingxenye yezidingo ezicelwe izinhlangano nezikhungo ezilawula izinqubomgomo zemvelo zesifunda noma zezwe. Yithuluzi elisetshenziselwa ukuqapha nokuhlola izinzuzo noma umonakalo odalwe umthelela wendawo. Ngikumema ukuthi ufunde okwengeziwe ngayo.
Umthelela Wezemvelo
Abantu selokhu baqala ukugcwala emhlabeni baye basebenzisa izinsiza zemvelo futhi, nakuba ekuqaleni umthelela wawungelutho, njengoba babenweba futhi behlanganisa izindawo ezintsha ukuze basungule amasiko abo, kwaba nemiphumela emibi kakhulu kubantu nasezindaweni ezizungezile, le mithelela. iningi lawo anegethivu.
Ezikhathini zamuva nje, kwenziwa izifundo ze-Environmental Impact ukuze kwaziwe imiphumela engase ibe khona ngokwenza iphrojekthi, lolu lwazi luzovumela ukwehlisa imithelela engemihle futhi kwandise imithelela emihle, lapho kufanele. Lena inhloso yokwenza Izifundo Zomthelela Wezemvelo, kanye nokuziqapha ngokusebenzisa Ukuhlola Umthelela Wendawo.
Imithelela engadalwa yimisebenzi yabantu emphakathini nasemvelweni wonkana, yilokho okwaziwa ngokuthi yi-Environmental Impact. Iningi noma kangcono lithe zonke izenzo zomuntu zinomthelela othile, kungaba ngokwakhiwa kwezitshalo zikagesi, izakhiwo zezindlu, ukutshalwa kwezimbali, ukufuduka kwabantu besuka kwenye indawo beya kwenye, kanye nabaqwali abahamba ngezinyawo entabeni, bayakhiqiza. ukuguqulwa kwemvelo. I-Environmental Impact ingaba yizinhlobo ezahlukene, okungukuthi.
Izinhlobo ezahlukene ze-Environmental Impact
Njengoba sibonile ngaphambili, imithelela ebangelwa imisebenzi yabantu ihlukile ngokushuba kwayo, ngoba umthelela wezinyathelo zomuntu ohamba endleleni uhluke kakhulu ezinyathelweni zesixuku endleleni efanayo. Ngoba ngenxa yokushuba komsebenzi noma indlela ezihlelwe ngayo, zingabangela umthelela wobukhulu obukhulu noma obuncane obungabangela izinzuzo noma ukulahlekelwa kwemvelo. Ngenxa yalokhu imithelela ingaba:
- Umthelela omuhle kwezemvelo. Yileyo miphumela ekhiqiza inzuzo noma enhle emvelweni. Izinkampani eziningi ezibhekele imvelo zinezinhlelo zezemvelo, njengokuvikela izindawo ezinamahlathi, njengendlela yokunikela nge-CO.2, ikhiqiza inani elengeziwe.
- Umthelela omubi kwezemvelo. Ziyimiphumela emibi ukwenziwa kwephrojekthi okuba nayo endaweni ezungezile.
Lo mehluko phakathi kwemithelela awuvezwa njalo ngokumnyama nokumhlophe, isikhathi esiningi ngemibala ehlukahlukene empunga. Isibonelo salokhu sibonwa ku: amachweba okwenziwa atholakala engxenyeni eseningizimu-mpumalanga yeMadrid, inhloko-dolobha yaseSpain. Kwenzeka ukuthi engxenyeni yokuqala yekhulu lama-XNUMX kwakukhona ukuxhashazwa ngokweqile kwama-aggregates kulesi sifunda futhi lokhu kwaholela ekubeni izinga letafula lamanzi lidlule, ngenxa yokuthi amanye amachibi acwila.
Ngemva kokwenzeka kwalo mthelela omubi kwezemvelo, le ndawo yayilulama kwaze kwaba yilapho kufinyelelwa ibhalansi yemvelo, ngenxa yalokhu okwamanje ibhekwa njengendawo enenani eliphakeme lemvelo. Lokhu kulinganisela kuye kwavumela ukuhlukahluka okukhulu kwezilwane nezitshalo ukuba kuhlale ndawonye, okukuvumela ukuba kube isiphephelo sezinyoni ezifudukayo. Lokhu kukhombisa ukuthi ekuqaleni, umthelela ongemuhle Wezemvelo wenzeka ngenxa yokuxhashazwa ngokweqile kwezinsiza. Ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, lokhu kwaba isiphephelo sezilwane zasendle sezitshalo nezilwane, okuhlinzeka nomthelela omuhle kwezemvelo.
Njengoba okuphambene nakho kungase kwenzeke, ekholelwa ukuthi iphrojekthi ingaba nomthelela emvelweni ngendlela enhle, ukuphindaphinda kwamahlathi kwenziwa esifundeni saseGalicia, ngenxa yalezi zinhlobo zehlathi ezikhula ngokushesha zasetshenziswa, njengezihlahla ze-Eucalyptus. iwuhlobo olwethuliwe. Lokhu kwabangela ukuwohloka kwenani lemvelo lalelo hlathi.
Imithelela Yemvelo futhi ingaba eyesikhashana noma unomphela, ingaba imithelela elula noma enqwabelene. Zingahlehliswa ngokuhamba kwesikhathi noma zingahlehliseki. Okungapheli noma okuphakathi futhi ngezikhathi ezithile noma okungavamile. Lokhu kungabangela ukuthi uma kwenziwa ucwaningo lwe-Environmental Impact, kuyadingeka ukuthi kuqashwe kakhulu ukuze kucaciswe umthelela ezingawudala.
Environment Effect uphenyo
Ucwaningo lwe-Environmental Impact wukuxilongwa okwenziwa ezimeni zemvelo yendawo, ngenxa yezinguquko okungenzeka ibe nazo ngenxa yokuguqulwa kwayo ngomsebenzi othile. Lezi zifundo ziyadingeka uma kucatshangelwa ukuthi izinguquko ezihleliwe ezingavezwa yiphrojekthi zigcina zidale umonakalo omkhulu kunokuhle.
Izifundo Zomthelela Wezemvelo nazo zingenziwa uma izinguquko sezivele zenzekile ngenxa yephrojekthi esivele yenziwe futhi zibikwa nganoma yimuphi umonakalo owenzayo. I-Environmental Impact Study izofuna ukuhlaziyela leli thuba uma umonakalo odaliwe noma okubikiwe ungokoqobo futhi uma kuyiqiniso, ukuthi ujule kangakanani kuleyo ndawo. Ucwaningo lunezinye zezingxenye ezilandelayo, lezi zingahluka futhi zifake noma zisuse ezinye zalezi zingxenye.
- Umbiko ochazayo ojwayelekile wocwaningo: uhlanganisa ukunqunywa kwendawo yocwaningo, izinjongo zocwaningo, incazelo enemininingwane yezenzo okufanele zenziwe, ukusetshenziswa kwezinto, indawo okuhlalwa kuyo, phakathi kokunye.
- Ukuvezwa kwamasu: Amasu ahlukene okufanele afundwe, izinto zokwakha, izinqubo nokunye kwethulwa. Kuhlongozwa ukuthi ingawenzi umsebenzi
- Yenza i-inventory yezemvelo: i-inventory yezindawo zemvelo, inani labantu, ukuhlukahluka kwebhayoloji, izici zezulu, inhlabathi nokunye.
- Ukuhlolwa kwemithelela engaba khona noma imithelela: Ukuhlolwa kuyenziwa, kunqunywa imingcele, imithelela iyahlolwa, kanye nemithelela eqondile nengaqondile noma imithelela enezehlakalo ezingaba khona, ngenxa yemisebenzi ehleliwe.
- Iveza izinyathelo zokuvimbela kanye nokulungisa
- Iphakamisa izinhlelo zokugada nokuqapha izimo zemvelo
- Ukwethulwa kombiko Wocwaningo Lwezemvelo, Isifinyezo kanye Neziphetho.
Ukuhlolwa komthelela kwezemvelo
Leli ithuluzi lokuphathwa kwekhwalithi yezemvelo, inhloso yokuhlolwa komthelela kwezemvelo ukuvimbela, ukuncishiswa kanye nokubuyiswa komonakalo odalwe emvelweni. Futhi, bhala imithethonqubo yemisebenzi noma imisebenzi engenziwa kuleyo ndawo ehloliwe. Umgomo wokuhlolwa komthelela kwezemvelo ukufeza ukusimama kwamaphrojekthi, ngokubheka lokhu, inzuzo yezomnotho yephrojekthi kanye nenzuzo emphakathini kufanele ihlaziywe, ngokusebenzisa ukusetshenziswa okunengqondo kwemithombo yemvelo.
Inqubo Yokuhlola Umthelela Kwezemvelo
Ukuhlolwa Kwezifundo Zomthelela Wezemvelo kwenziwa ngochwepheshe besikhungo esiphethe ukuhambisana nezinqubomgomo zemvelo zesifunda. Zingethulwa ngokwezinketho ezintathu eziguqukayo, kuye ngezilawuli ezenziwa emithelela kanye nobukhulu bazo endaweni ethile. Lezi yizi: A. Umbiko wokuvimbela. B. Isitatimende Somthelela Wendawo (ububanzi obukhethekile) kanye ne-C. Isitatimende Somthelela Wendawo (ububanzi besifunda).
Umbiko wokuvimbela. Kule nketho, umbiko wokuvimbela kuphela we-Environmental Impact uvezwa, futhi wenziwa lapho:
- Kunemithethonqubo yezemvelo elawula yonke imithelela engaba khona kwezemvelo kuphrojekthi eyenziwayo. Njengomthetho wokusetshenziswa komhlaba, umthetho wamahlathi, umthetho wamanzi, umthetho wokulahlwa kwemfucuza neminye imithetho noma iziqondiso ezinentshisekelo.
- Lapho iphrojekthi ehlolwayo isivele ihlongoziwe ukuthi yenziwe ngokuhambisana nengxenye yohlelo lokuthuthukiswa kwedolobha noma ukusetshenziswa komhlaba futhi isikhungo sezemvelo sesivele siyigunyazile.
- Lo msebenzi umayelana nezinsiza zepaki yezimboni, ebuyekezwa ngaphambilini futhi yagunyazwa.
Ukubonakaliswa Komthelela Kwezemvelo. Le mibiko yenziwa kucatshangelwa izifundo zobuchwepheshe abaklami abazozisebenzisa ukuze benze eminye yemisebenzi elungiselwe umthetho wezemvelo, kanye noMthetho Wezifundo Zomthelela Emvelweni kanye Nezimiso zawo. Kule mibiko bahlaziya ukuhlonzwa kwezimo zemvelo indawo eyayikuyo ngaphambi komklamo. Inhloso ukuhlola imithelela engaba khona yokwenziwa kwephrojekthi ecwaningwayo, endaweni ezungezile. Kule mibhalo, kuhlongozwa izinyathelo zokugwema, ukunciphisa noma ukunxephezela uMthelela Wezemvelo ongaba khona.
Ngikumema ukuthi uqhubeke ufunda ngemvelo emangalisayo, kulokhu okuthunyelwe: