Kuwo wonke umlando, kuye kwacutshungulwa izifo ezihlukene ezinemvelaphi yazo ezinyonini ezihlukene futhi, ekubeni ezifuywayo, zingaba nemiphumela kubantu. Lolu hlu olubanzi lwezifo noma ukutheleleka kungaba yibhaktheriya, igciwane, isikhunta, phakathi kwezinye izinhlobo, ezingangena kubantu. Uma ufuna ukufunda okwengeziwe Ngezifo Zezinyoni kanye nezingozi abantu ababhekana nazo nezinyoni ezifuywayo, ungangabazi ukuqhubeka ufunda lesi sihloko.
Izifo Zezinyoni
Ngokuqondile e-United States, esinye sezilwane ezifuywayo ezithandwa kakhulu yizinyoni, zisendaweni yesine, ngemva kwezinja, amakati kanye nesithathu, izinhlanzi. Lokhu kuduma okukhulu kakhulu kusho ukuthi isibalo esikhulu kakhulu sabantu sichayeka engozini eqhubekayo yokungenwa noma yisiphi salezi zifo, njengoba sishilo ngaphambili, kungaba ama-fungal, virus, bacteria, protozoan, ngisho nama-parasitic zoonoses.
Sonke lesi sihloko sigxile kakhulu ezifweni noma ezifweni ezihlobene eduze nezinyoni ezifuywayo futhi ezingaba nomthelela omubi kubanikazi bazo noma kubantu nje jikelele. Futhi lezi zifo ezifanayo azitheleleki ngendlela ehlelekile kubantu.
Akudingekile ukuyeka izinyoni njengezilwane ezifuywayo
Naphezu kohlu olude lwezifo thina bantu esingazithola kulezi zinyoni ezinhle, akufanele sidangale futhi sikuvumele lokhu kube isithiyo sokuthola inyoni njengesilwane esifuywayo. Ikhono lama-microorganisms alezi zifo ukwenza umuntu atheleleke liyahlukahluka kuye ngezinga elithile le-virulence okukhulunywa ngayo, kuya nangenani lokuchayeka anakho kanye nendlela atheleleke ngayo.
Ngokukhethekile kumnikazi wenyoni, isilinganiso esiyinhloko sokuvimbela siyohlala siwukuhlanzeka okuphelele, ukugeza izandla, ukukhucululwa kwendle kanye nokuvakasha njalo kudokotela wezilwane. Ingxenye enkulu yalezi zifo noma izifo zidluliselwa ngokungenisa ukudla noma iziphuzo ezinezinhlayiya ezingabonakali zemvelo ezivela kulezi zinyoni, noma ngokuphefumula uthuli olungcolile.
Kuzo zonke lezi zizathu, kufanele ulandele izinyathelo noma izinyathelo ezihlukene zokunciphisa ngangokunokwenzeka inani lokuchayeka, njengomnikazi, onalo kulezi zifo eziyingozi. Izazi eziningi zezinto eziphilayo kanye nodokotela bezilwane zeluleka ngokuqinile ukusetshenziswa kwe-mask lapho kuhlanzwa ikheji. Kufanele ukhumbule ukuthi kuyohlale kungcono kakhulu ukuthatha inyoni yakho esikhungweni esikhethekile noma indawo yokuchanyuselwa, ngoba kulezi zindawo izingozi zokutheleleka ziyancipha kakhulu.
Zonke lezi zinyathelo noma amathiphu awusizo kakhulu futhi acishe abe yisibopho kubo bonke labo bantu abathambekele ekutholeni lezi zifo, njengabantu abadala, izingane, abantu abanezifo ezingamahlalakhona noma abanezinkinga ngezivikeli mzimba zabo.
Izifo ezihambisana nezinyoni
Ebantwini, iningi lezifo ezisuka ezinyonini ngokuvamile azibonakali noma azikwazi ukuzikhawulela, kodwa kufanele futhi kucatshangelwe uma umnikazi eveza izimpawu eziqhubekayo, noma izimpawu ezingajwayelekile ezibonisa ukuthi zingase zibe nazo. ukutheleleka; ngakolunye uhlangothi, kufanele kucatshangelwe uma inyoni ifile noma iye yagula ezinsukwini zokugcina noma amasonto. Kulo lonke uhlu olude lwezifo ezihlobene nezinyoni ezifuywayo singathola:
I-Psittacosis
Ukudluliswa kwalokhu kutheleleka okubizwa ngokuthi i-C. psittaci noma i-Psittacosis, kubangelwa ngokukhethekile ukuphefumula kwezinhlayiya ezihlukahlukene ezifakwe umoya ezingcolile zendle, izimpaphe, ukuphuma kwamakhala, noma ngisho nezicubu. Ngeshwa futhi ingasakazwa phakathi kwabantu; I-atypical pneumonia iwukubonakaliswa okuvame kakhulu kwe-psittacosis kubantu.
Singathola ukuthi izimpawu ziqala ukubonakala phakathi kwezinsuku eziyisikhombisa noma eziyishumi nane zokuqala ngemuva kokuchayeka kumagciwane, umuntu okukhulunywa ngaye uzoqala ukuhlushwa imfiva, amakhaza, ahlushwe ukukhanya, ikhanda elibuhlungu kakhulu, kanye nokuhlala njalo futhi ukukhwehlela okucasulayo. Kwaziwa kahle ukuthi phakathi kuka-10 no-70% walabo abathintwe yilesi sifo bane-hepatosplenomegaly, okuyisimo lapho kukhona ukuhluma kobende nesibindi, lokhu kungenxa yokuthi isibindi asikwazi ukucubungula uhlobo olulungile lwe-glucocerebroside.
Okunye ukubonakaliswa kwe-psittacosis kodwa okungajwayelekile kakhulu yilezi: I-myocarditis, i-endocarditis enesiko elibi lebhaktheriya, i-pericarditis, i-thrombophlebitis, kanye nokuphazamiseka kwengqondo okuhlukile. Ngesikhathi lapho i-pneumonitis ihlangene futhi lokhu kusolakala kwe-hepatosplenomegaly, futhi noma yisiphi isifo ngaphandle kwe-Psittacosis cishe sikhishwe.
Umkhuhlane
Noma yimaphi ama-subtypes amagciwane omkhuhlane A angasakazeka ezinyonini, ngokungafani nohlobo lomkhuhlane B. Naphezu kwalokhu, kunomehluko omningi obalulekile wezakhi zofuzo kuzo zonke izinhlobo ezincane zomkhuhlane A ovame ukuphatha abantu nezinyoni ngokufanayo. Igciwane le-bird flu elifana ne-H5N1, H9N2, H7N7, phakathi kwezinye, i-zoonosis, ekhombisa ngokusobala ukuthi ithinta abantu nezinyoni.
Nakuba lawa kungamagama awo asemthethweni, ubizwa ngokuthi i-bird flu noma umkhuhlane wezinyoni; lesi sifo kanye nokwehluka kwaso kwavela cishe ngo-1997 futhi sasihlotshaniswa kakhulu nezinkukhu. Endabeni ye-H5N1, eyingozi kakhulu, isibulale izigidi nezigidi zezinyoni emhlabeni jikelele, futhi yathelela abantu abangamakhulu amaningana kungakhathalekile ukuthi isiphi isifunda somhlaba, kufanele kuqashelwe ukuthi ingxenye yabantu abanaleli gciwane ngeshwa wafa.
Izinhlobonhlobo ezihlukahlukene zalo mkhuhlane wezinyoni ezingathinta kakhulu abantu ziye zahlukaniswa ngokuphelele ezinhlobonhlobo zezinyoni ezivame ukubonakala lapho zivalelwe kuphela, phakathi kwazo singathola i-canary, izinkukhu, ama-parrots, kanye nezinyoni ezahlukene. Ngokwezifundo eziningi kanye nososayensi abehlukene, kuyaziwa ukuthi izinyoni ezifuywayo azizange zibandakanyeke ngokuphelele ekusakazeni kwalo mkhuhlane, kodwa, nokho, zingase zibe izinsongo uma zike zahlangana nanoma yiluphi uhlobo lwezinyoni ezingase zitheleleke. . .
Indlela yokutheleleka phakathi kwezinyoni nabantu imvamisa iwukuphefumula ngamaconsi noma noma yiluphi uhlobo loketshezi oluphuma enyoni enegciwane; futhi, kancane kancane, ukudluliswa kungavela emithonjeni yemvelo engcolile. Ngokusho kwe-Centers for Disease Control and Prevention ehlukene, noma i-CDC, ezungeze i-United States, ukuba khona kwe-H5N1 kuye kwafakazelwa emaqenjini emindeni ehlukene, nokho, ukudluliselwa komuntu kuya kumuntu akuvamile kakhulu, kulinganiselwe kakhulu futhi kuyashintshashintsha.
Izimpawu zalo mkhuhlane wezinyoni oyingozi zingase zingabi khona ngokuphelele, noma zingasabela ekuthelelekeni kuwo wonke isimiso sokuphefumula, inani lamaqanda abekwe liqala ukuncipha ngokuphawulekayo, ukugula njalo, futhi ekugcineni ukufa. Kubantu, kufanele usole umkhuhlane wezinyoni kunoma ubani onezimpawu zomkhuhlane naye osanda kuhlangana nezinyoni, ikakhulukazi izinkukhu nanoma yiziphi izinyoni zasendle ezinegciwane; futhi uma uye ezindaweni ezihlala njalo noma ube nohlobo oluthile lokuxhumana nabantu abangenwe yileli gciwane noma okusolakala ukuthi bangenwe wumkhuhlane wezinyoni.
I-WHO, noma i-World Health Organization, isebenzisa iHhovisi layo Lokuxwayisa Ngobhubhane Nobhubhane, inolwazi mayelana nezifunda ezihlukene zomhlaba lapho umkhuhlane wezinyoni ugcwele khona, noma kunoma yikuphi okungavela ngenxa yokuqubuka kwezifo.
Zonke izimpawu noma izimpawu zomkhuhlane wezinyoni kubantu yilezi: ukutheleleka kwawo wonke umgudu wokuphefumula ongenhla, umkhuhlane ophakeme kakhulu, ukukhwehlela okungapheli, nezinkinga zesisu. Izinhlobo ezincane eziyingozi kakhulu njenge-H5N1 zingabangela isifo esihamba ngokugxumagxuma size sifinyelele ekufeni ekugcineni. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, singagqamisa ezinye izinhlobo ezincane ezingenabungozi kangako njenge-H9N2, edala izimpawu ezithambile kakhulu uma ziqhathaniswa nalokhu okukhulunywe ngakho ngenhla.
I-Histoplasmosis
Lesi sikhunta esibizwa ngokuthi i-Histoplasma capsulatum, sibangela isifo esisekelwe ekuhlanganiseni wonke umzila wamathumbu ezinyoni, bese singcolisa umhlabathi ngobulongwe bezinyoni, kanye namalulwane. Phakathi kwezindawo ezitholakala kakhulu emhlabeni singagqamisa zonke izigodi zase-Ohio kanye nendawo ezungezile yoMfula iMississippi. Kuyafaneleka ukusho ukuthi ama-parrots nama-canaries akulula neze ukuhlupheka ngenxa yalesi sikhunta, ngokungafani namajuba, avame ukuphathwa njengezilwane ezifuywayo kulabo abathanda izinyoni, abangase batheleleke uma behlangana namakhowe.
Endabeni yabantu, okuvamile kakhulu ukusulelana ngokuphefumula ubuthi obuvela enhlabathini obungcoliswe ngokuphelele yile sikhunta. Kuze kube namuhla, alikho icala elike labonwa lokudluliselwa komuntu kumuntu. Kubantu, ukuqina kwalesi sifo kuncike ngokuphelele kusayizi we-inoculum, futhi, ekuvikelekeni komuntu onegciwane. Ngokwezifundo eziningi, ngaphezu kwama-90% azo zonke izimo zabantu, ukutheleleka okuyinhloko kunezimpawu ezithambile kakhulu futhi kuvame ukungabonakali ngokuphelele.
Ukufukamela kwalesi sifo kuvame ukuthatha izinsuku eziyi-7 kuya kwezingama-21; uma kubonakala, izimpawu zingase zibe: ukugodola, ukukhwehlela okomile kakhulu, ikhanda elibuhlungu, ukushisa okukhulu, ngisho ne-adenopathy enobuhlungu endaweni yesifuba. Endabeni yezifo ezisakazwayo, kuvame kakhulu kubantu abanezifo ezingapheli noma abanobunzima emasosheni omzimba, izimpawu ngokuvamile ukulahlekelwa isisindo, ukushisa, i-pancytopenia, ngisho ne-hepatosplenomegaly, njengoba kwenzeka kumkhuhlane wezinyoni.
Isifo saseNewcastle
Isifo iNewcastle, noma i-avian pneumoencephalitis, igciwane elibizwa nge-paramyxovirus 1, lingangena ezilwaneni ezehlukene njengezinyoni nezilwane ezihuquzelayo, kodwa ngeshwa futhi lingathelela abantu kakhulu. Lesi sifo sivame ukuvama kakhulu ezinyonini zasendle, nokho-ke, ama-parrots angenwa kalula yileli gciwane, ngaphezu kwalokhu, ama-parrots avame ukuba yimithombo yemvelo engaqhubeka nokubamba futhi isakaze igciwane kuze kube yizinyanga eziyi-12 ngemuva kokutheleleka. izimpawu azisekho.
Opholi abalethwa e-United States ngokungemthetho bevela e-Amazon bawumthombo owodwa omkhulu wezifo kuzo zonke izakhamuzi zaleli zwe. Leli gciwane lisakazwa ngendle yanoma iyiphi inyoni enaleli gciwane, futhi nanoma yiluphi uhlobo loketshezi noma uketshezi oluphuma emlonyeni, emehlweni noma emakhaleni, lokhu kuphuma okufanayo kungaba ezingutsheni, ezicathulweni noma empahleni.
Izinyoni eziningi ezinalesi sifo azibonisi noma yiluphi uhlobo lwezimpawu; kodwa-ke, abanye abaningi bavame ukuba nesifo sohudo esiluhlaza, ukuphefumula okungavamile, ukuthuthumela kwemisipha, ukujikeleza, ukukhubazeka, noma i-periorbital ne-neck edema. Ngeshwa izinga lokufa kwezinyoni liyi-100%. Endabeni yabantu, ukutheleleka ekuqaleni kuzibonakalisa nge-conjunctivitis, kulesi senzakalo amakhaza, ukukhathala kanye nomkhuhlane akuvamile kakhulu.
Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi kusezinkukhu lapho leli gciwane lidlangile, futhi abafuyi balaba yibona abachayeka kakhulu ekuthelelekeni. Nokho, ukululama kubantu kuvame ukushesha kakhulu. Kumele kuqashelwe ukuthi noma ngubani ongenwe yisifo iNewcastle noma i-avian pneumoencephalitis kumele agweme noma yiluphi uhlobo lokuthintana nanoma iyiphi inyoni ngazo zonke izindlela.
Q fever
Lesi sifo esiyingozi sibangelwa amagciwane okuthiwa i-Coxiella burneii, okuyi-gram-negative pleomorphic rod. Yonke imikhaza nezilwane ezinomgogodla ezinhlobonhlobo njengezimvu, izimbuzi kanye nezinyoni kancane; zingamadamu emvelo aleli gciwane. Esimeni esithile sabantu, ukusulelana kuqala ngokuthintana ngqo nezilwane ezithelelekile, noma lapho ukuphefumula uthuli olungcoliswe izicubu ze-placenta noma indle ethelelekile. Nakuba izinyoni zingathola lesi sifo ngokusebenzisa izindlela zokuhlola noma zemvelo.
Ebantwini izimpawu yilezi: ikhanda elibuhlungu kakhulu, inyumoniya, i-photophobia kanye nokushisa okukhulu. Ezimweni ezimbi kakhulu, i-meningitis, i-thrombosis, ngisho ne-hepatitis ingabonakala. Kubalulekile ukuqaphela ukuthi uma isifo sitholakala ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa, singabangela imiphumela emibi njengokungakabi yisikhathi, ukubeletha nokukhishwa kwesisu.
I-West Nile Fever
Lapho leligciwane ligcwele khona kakhulu kuvamise ukuba ezinyonini zasendle ezahlukene, njengamagwababa noma izinyoni ezidla inyama, nokho, lingaba khona nasezinyonini ezifuywayo. Umzila oyinhloko wokutheleleka kwalesi sifo kusuka ezinyonini kuya kubantu ukulunywa umiyane enyoni enalesi sifo bese kuba umuntu. Kubalulekile ukuqaphela ukuthi ukutheleleka okuqondile kusuka enyoni kuya kumuntu akukatholakali, noma ngokuphambene nalokho. Izinyoni ezingenwe yilesi sifo zingase zingabi nazimpawu ngokuphelele, zigule, noma zingathandi ukundiza, bese ziyafa ngenxa yokutheleleka okusakazwayo.
Ebantwini, isigaba sokufukamela salesi sifo sicishe sibe yizinsuku ezi-3 kuya kweziyi-14, ngemva kwalokhu kufukamela imfiva engazelelwe futhi enamandla iqala, isicanucanu, ukuhlanza, ukungalungi, i-lymphadenopathy, ubuhlungu be-retroorbital, kanye nokuqubuka. Ukubonakaliswa kwezinzwa kuvezwa i-ataxia, i-extrapyramidalism, i-myelitis, ukuguqulwa kwemizwa etholakala kugebhezi, i-optic neuritis, ngisho nokuquleka; kodwa-ke, konke lokhu akujwayelekile futhi kuvame kakhulu kubantu asebekhulile, noma ezigulini ezinezinkinga zamasosha omzimba.
Ngaphansi kwe-1% yabo bonke abangenwe yilesi sifo, lesi sifo sibucayi kakhulu, siletha izimpawu ezifana ne-aseptic meningitis, i-encephalitis, i-Guillain-Barre syndrome.
i-alveolitis yokungezwani komzimba
I-alveolitis ye-allergic inamagama ahlukahlukene, phakathi kwawo singathola i-hypersensitivity pneumonitis, i-pneumoconiosis ebangelwa i-dandruff evela kuma-parrots ase-Australia, isifo se-ornithologists, amaphaphu omfuyi wamajuba, noma futhi, isifo samaphaphu ejuba; Akuyona i-zoonosis elula, leli gama libonisa isifo noma ukusabalalisa ukutheleleka kwe-parenchyma, okubangelwa ukuchayeka njalo ku-allergen ephefumulayo. Ngaphandle kwalokhu, kufanele usole kunoma yisiphi isiguli esinanoma yiluphi uhlobo lwezimpawu zamaphaphu futhi esike sachayeka ezinyonini.
Amaprotheni ezinyoni ayimbangela enkulu eyaziwayo. Le alveolitis ye-allergic eyingozi ngokwemithi ayikwazi ukuhlukaniswa nezifo ezilula zokuphefumula. Lokhu kubonakala ngokuyinhloko ukubonakala kokukhwehlela okukhulu kakhulu, umuzwa wokucindezela kwesifuba, imfiva, ukugodola, i-dyspnea, i-malaise, futhi ekugcineni i-myalgia. Zonke lezi zimpawu zivame ukuthuthuka kakhulu ngemva kwamahora angu-24 noma angu-48 uma lungekho uhlobo lokuchayeka ku-antigen, noma kunjalo, ziyaphindwa uma kukhona ukuchayeka njalo.
Endabeni yalesi sifo se-subacute, sibonisa izimpawu ezifanayo, izimpawu eziya ngokuya ziba zimbi kakhulu phakathi nezinyanga noma amasonto, futhi zingase zingabonakali ezimpawu zesifo esithile samaphaphu esiphakathi. Eningini leziguli ezinale alveolitis engapheli, inyumoniya ye-tuberculous noma i-fungal itholakala noma isolwa ekuqaleni, futhi i-idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis nayo itholakala njalo.
Inqobo nje uma labo abathintekile bengenalo nhlobo uhlobo lokuxhumana nalesi sifo, bazoba nokuguquguquka okuhle kakhulu, ngaphandle kwalokho, uma lokhu kuchayeka kuhlala njalo, isiguli singase sibe ne-pulmonary fibrosis engeke ibuyele emuva.
Izifo ezinezimpawu zesisu
Kulolu hlu olubanzi lwezifo, ezihlotshaniswa nazo zonke izinhlobo zezinyoni ezifuywayo, singathola izifo ezimbi kakhulu ezibonakala ngokuzibonakalisa ngezinkinga ezahlukene zesisu, phakathi kwazo zonke lezi singathola okulandelayo:
Salmonellosis
Izinhlobo ze-Salmonella ezingezona i-typhoid zithatha wonke umgudu wamathumbu wezinhlobonhlobo zezilwane, kuhlanganise nezinyoni. Kuyaziwa ukuthi cishe ama-80% amaqanda ezinkukhu angcoliswe yilawa magciwane angama-gram negative.
Ukusabalala kwalesi sifo, i-Salmonella engeyona i-typhoidal, kubantu kuvame kakhulu kuzo zonke izinkukhu, imikhiqizo yasemapulazini, izinyoni ezifuywayo kanye nezilwane ezihuquzelayo, ngisho nezinkukhu namadada sekusakazekele lesi sifo esibi kubantu. Izinyoni ezingenwe yilesi sifo zingase zingabonakali futhi zidlulisele lesi sifo ngesikhathi ziphile saka; Ngakolunye uhlangothi, ezinyonini, isifo singakhula futhi sibe yi-enteritis, noma isifo se-hemorrhagic hepatosplenic futhi siholele ekufeni okubuhlungu.
Kubantu, i-gastroenteritis ebangelwa i-salmonella engeyona i-typhoidal iqala cishe amahora angu-18 ngemva kokugaya; Lokhu kuzibonakalisa ngokubangela imfiva, ukuhlanza, isicanucanu esinamandla, ngisho nesifo sohudo esibi esingenagazi esigulini. Kumele kuqashelwe ukuthi izifo eziningi ze-gastroenteric zizimele, okungukuthi, zivame ukuphela cishe ezinsukwini ezine noma eziyishumi.
Endabeni yokutheleleka okunzima kakhulu, noma lokho kuqhubekela phambili ngendlela ehlelekile, okudinga ukwelashwa, kuvame kakhulu ezigulini ezethula uhlobo oluthile lwenkinga noma ubuthakathaka ohlelweni lwazo lokuzivikela komzimba, ezigulini ezake zanikeza i-hypoacidity yesisu, noma leso sikhathi. ifika lapho konke ubuqotho bolwelwesi lwamafinyila emathunjini bulahlekile, futhi kwenzeka ezinganeni ezingaphansi kwezinyanga ezintathu, nasezigulini ezinezifo ezingelapheki zamathumbu, noma ngisho nokutheleleka nge-HIV.
Naphezu kwakho konke lokhu, ukutheleleka okubangelwa i-salmonella engeyona i-typhoidal kungaxazululwa ngaphandle kwezinkinga eziningi kakhulu. Lokhu kungase futhi kuthelele izindawo ezingavamile ngokwesakhiwo njengokuphuka kwangaphambili, izicubu zamaphaphu ezingavamile, i-arthropathy ewohlokayo kakhulu noma i-lithiasis. Kubantu abasengozini eyengeziwe, njengabantu asebekhulile, abanesifuba, isisu noma ubuhlungu beqolo, abane-gastroenteritis yangaphambilini, i-arteritis yemikhumbi emikhulu ngenxa ye-salmonella engeyona i-typhoidal kufanele kusolwe.
I-Campylobacteriosis
I-Campylobacteriosis isekelwe esifweni esibangelwa i-bacterium ebizwa ngokuthi i-Campylobacter jejuni, amachibi amakhulu kakhulu aleli gciwane avame ukuba izinyoni zasendle kanye nezinkukhu, kodwa-ke, leli gciwane lingatholakala kwezinye izinhlobo zezilwane nakwezinye izilwane ezifuywayo eziningi. Okuvezwa kakhulu futhi okuthintekayo yilesi sifo ama-parrots, noma ama-psittaciformes, kanye nondlunkulu nama-canaries angama-passerines.
Le microorganism ithatha wonke amathumbu amancane kanye nekholoni yezinyoni, futhi ngeshwa ingathelela abantu uma benayo indle noma amathambo alezi zinyoni ezinegciwane. Izinyoni ezethula i-campylobacteriosis zingaveza izimpawu ezihlukene phakathi kwazo esingazithola ukulahlekelwa isifiso sokudla, ukukhathala, kanye nalokhu kuphelelwa ukudla futhi kuza nokuncipha kwesisindo, isifo sohudo esiphuzi, ngisho nokusha kwesibindi; izinyoni eziningi ezinalesi sifo zivame ukufa ngenxa yazo zonke lezi.
Ebantwini, uhlobo lokutheleleka oluvame kakhulu ukudliwa noma ukuphatha izinkukhu ezinegciwane; Ngokulandelayo, kungase kube ngenxa yokuphuza ubisi, noma eminye imikhiqizo ehlukene engcoliswe indle yezilwane ezithwalayo. Ngaphandle kwalokhu, ngokocwaningo olwahlukene, amacala angama-24% avela emithonjeni engaziwa ngokuphelele.
Ngendlela engcolile, isifo esenzeka ngenxa ye-Campylobacter jejuni sibangela isimo esibucayi samathumbu, esizikhawulele futhi sibonakala ngokuyinhloko ngezimpawu ezifana nesifo sohudo, ubuhlungu bamathumbu kanye nomkhuhlane. Lesi sifo sohudo sivame ukuba namanzi noma sibe negazi, singabangela ukuphuma kwamathumbu ayisishiyagalombili noma ayishumi ngosuku lapho isifo siphezulu. Endabeni yemfiva, ngokuvamile ihlala cishe isonto.
Lesi sifo ezikhathini eziningi ngokuvamile zelapheka esikhathini esingekho ngaphezu kwezinsuku eziyisikhombisa, nokho-ke, kunenani leziguli ezingahle zibuyele ekuguleni lapho zizoba nesifo sohudo esithatha amasonto ambalwa. Ngokwezifundo ezihlukahlukene, cishe i-20-40% yamacala e-Guillain-Barre syndrome andulelwa yilesi sifo esibangelwa yi-Campylobacter jejuni.
IGiardiasis
Lokhu ukutheleleka kwamathumbu, okubangelwa i-protozoan yohlobo lwe-Giardia, ikakhulukazi i-Giardia lamblia; okuthinta kokubili abantu nezilwane ezincelisayo ezahlukene. Indawo lapho lesi silwane senzeka khona kusebunzini bezinyoni, nokho, indima yangempela izinyoni eziba nayo ekudluliseleni kubantu ayaziwa. Ukutheleleka kuvame ukusabalala ngokusetshenziswa noma ukusetshenziswa kwamanzi abekade ekhona endaweni engcolile, nakuba sekuphinde kwafakazelwa ukuthi kukhona ukuthelelana komuntu kumuntu.
Izinyoni ezifuywayo ezinalesi sifo ziba nezimpawu ze-gastroenteritis futhi zingelashwa ngaphandle kwezinkinga eziningi, noma kunjalo, kuvame kakhulu ukuthi zingaphinda zitheleleke. Njengomthetho ojwayelekile, iningi lezifo ze-Giardiasis ezenzeka kubantu azibonakali nhlobo, nokho-ke, cishe amaphesenti angama-50 alabo abathintwa yile protozoan bangase babe nobuhlungu besisu, ukuqunjelwa, isifo sohudo esinamandla, isicanucanu, ukuqunjelwa, kanye nokuhlanza, konke lokhu. ezinsukwini ezintathu zokuqala noma amasonto amathathu ngemva kokuba i-parasite ingene emzimbeni wakho.
Ukuthola okubalulekile komtholampilo kungase kube ukungabekezelelani kwe-lactose ekuqaleni kwalesi sifo. Zonke lezi zimpawu zingaxazululeka esikhathini esingangesonto; esimweni sokutheleleka isikhathi eside kuvame ukwenzeka kuma-20% kuphela alabo abathintekile. Zonke iziguli ezihlushwa i-hypochlorhydria noma i-hypogammaglobulinemia, izingane, nabahambi abahlukene abaya ezindaweni eziwumqedazwe yilabo abasengcupheni enkulu yokuhlushwa yilesi silwanyana esibi.
Izifo ezinezimpawu zesikhumba
Njengezifo ezishiwo ngenhla, kukhona elinye iqembu elihlukahlukene lezifo noma izifo ezingabangela izimpawu zesikhumba kubantu, futhi nasezilwaneni ezahlukene, phakathi kwazo zonke lezi zinhlobonhlobo singathola:
i-pasteurellosis
Lesi sifo sibangelwa i-gram negative bacterium ebizwa ngokuthi i-Pasteurella multocida, leli gciwane liyimbangela ye-avian cholera futhi lihlala e-nasopharynx enempilo kwezinye izinyoni. Ingxenye enkulu yezinyoni ezifuywayo ezingenwa i-pasteurellosis ngokulunywa yikati, ngeshwa ngokuvamile zibulawa ikholera yezinyoni. Amagciwane e-Pasteurella angasakazwa kubantu ngokuklwebheka noma ukulunywa yizinyoni ezifuywayo.
Izilonda kubantu abangenwe yile bacterium zibomvu futhi zibuhlungu kancane, kodwa ku-semiology ubucayi balesi sifo bungabukelwa phansi. Ukutheleleka ngamaconsi emoyeni ngokuvamile akuvamile futhi kukhulu, kodwa, kulezi zimo ngokuvamile kubangela izimpawu ezifana nenyumoniya, i-acute noma i-subacute bronchitis, kanye ne-septicemia.
i-erysipeloid
Lesi sifo sisuka kubhaktheriya ebizwa ngokuthi i-Erysipelothrix Rhusiopathiae, leli gciwane liyathelelana kubantu ngokuthintana ngqo nezinkukhu noma izinyoni ezifuywayo. Endabeni yezinyoni ezifuywayo, lokhu kutheleleka kungaholela ku-sepsis, noma kunjalo, ukubonakaliswa kwayo ekusebenzeni kwezilwane akuvamile kakhulu.
Endabeni yabantu, lesi sifo sithinta ngokuqondile isikhumba ngesisombululo sokuqhubeka, esibangela ukutheleleka kwendawo, okubuhlungu kakhulu futhi kungase kuveze ukulunywa; ekuqaleni lokhu kubomvu okuphaphathekile bese kuba luhlaza okwesibhakabhaka obomvu. Lokhu kutheleleka okufanayo kungathinta amalunga aseduze ahlukene; i-septicemia noma i-endocarditis yizimo ezingavamile ukubonwa kubantu.
I-Cryptococcosis
Lesi sifo sisuka kumvubelo egobile ebizwa ngokuthi i-Cryptococcus neoformans, lesi sifo sivame ukutholakala ezinyonini ezifuywayo futhi asinazimpawu ngokuphelele futhi siyathelelana. Le microorganism ingatholakala njalo emhlabathini ongcoliswe ngokuphelele indle yezinyoni ezinesifo.
Ngokuvamile, izimpawu ezivame kakhulu zalesi sifo se-cryptococcal yi-meningeal kanye ne-pulmonary. Nakuba ukusulelana okuvamile kungesikhumba esiphukile, i-cryptococcosis ye-cutaneous ingatholakala ezilonda zesikhumba ezahlukene njenge-cellulitis, i-herpes, i-molluscum kanye nama-pseudonodule afana ne-Kaposi's sarcoma. Esimeni esithile sabantu abanezinkinga zamasosha omzimba, lesi sifo singaba khona emaphashini nasesistimu yezinzwa ephakathi.
I-Avian mite dermatitis
Izinyoni eziningi zingaba abathwali bezinhlobo ezahlukene zezibungu, lezi zingaba izibungu ezimpapheni zazo, noma izibungu "ze-alamu", okubonisa ukuthi azikwazi ukuthelela abantu. Nokho, naphezu kwalokhu, kunezimbuzane ezihlukahlukene ezingaba yingozi kubantu, njenge-Ornithonyssus sylviarum, etholakala ezinkukhuni ezihlala enyakatho; kanye ne-Dermanyssus gallinae, eyaziwa kangcono ngokuthi inkukhu noma izimbuzane zezinkukhu.
Lezi zibungu ezimbili zingatholakala ngaphandle kwenkinga enkulu ecwiliswe kuyo yonke imboni yokudla okuhlanganisa izinkukhu, nokho, ezikhathini eziningi zingatholakala ezinyoni ezifuywayo ezahlukene.
I-mycobacteriosis engeyona isifo sofuba
I-Nontuberculous mycobacteriosis ibangelwa into ephilayo yohlobo lwe-Mycobacterium, okungaba i-fortuitum, i-abscessus, i-avium, i-ulceans, i-marinum, i-kansasii, ne-chelonae. Lezi zitholakala yonke indawo endaweni futhi zingathelela izilwane ezahlukene; Isibonelo yindaba ye-M. avium subsp avium, eyimbangela yofuba lwezinyoni.
Zonke izinyoni zingaba abathwali balezi mycobacteria, zingatholakala ezinziphoni, emilenzeni nasemlonyeni wazo, okusiza kakhulu ukutheleleka kubantu. Esimweni esithile sokutheleleka kwe-asymptomatic, indawo lapho i-mycobacteria inoculated yindawo lapho izimpawu zinqunywa khona. Le mycobacteriosis engeyona yofuba ingasoleka lapho ukutheleleka kwamaphaphu noma kwesikhumba kungaphenduli ngendlela egculisayo ngokwelashwa okunamandla.
Iziguli ezehlukene ezinezimo zamaphaphu zangaphambilini noma ezinezinkinga ohlelweni lwazo lokuzivikela ezifweni, zisengozini enkulu yokuhlushwa isifo samaphaphu noma esisatshalaliswayo.
Uma ufuna ukwazi okwengeziwe ngezinyoni nezinye izilwane, ungangabazi okwesikhashana ukuqhubeka ufunda lezi ezinye izihloko: