Ngemva kweMpi Yezwe II, intuthuko kwezesayensi nobuchwepheshe yanda kakhulu, yashintsha umhlaba nendlela yawo yokuxhumana unomphela. lezi zinhle kakhulu IZIBONELO ZE-TECHNOLOGY ekuphileni kwansuku zonke eziguqule umhlaba, zenza izinto zibe lula futhi zisheshe.
Buyini ubuchwepheshe?
Ubuchwepheshe isifundo sendlela yokwenza, ukuthuthukiswa kwesihloko esithile kuwukuhlanganisa kolwazi olujwayelekile, izisetshenziswa ezivumela ukusungulwa noma ukuthuthukiswa komkhiqizo noma isevisi ethile.
Kukhona okuhlukile izinhlobo zobuchwepheshe noma izibonelo zobuchwepheshe, futhi ukuhlukaniswa kwazo kuyahlukahluka ngokuya ngokusebenza kwazo, izici zazo, ngokuya ngesimanjemanje, phakathi kokunye.
Ngemva kweMpi Yezwe II kwaba nentuthuko eminingi kwezobuchwepheshe. Konke lokhu kubizwa ngokuthi ubuchwepheshe obusha, lapho ukusungulwa okukhulu, ukuthuthukiswa kwemishini kanye nentuthuko yesayensi eye yavumela indlela yokuphila esiyazi namuhla ihlanganiswa, nokuthi kakade akucabangeki ukuphila ngaphandle kwazo.
Kungakhathaliseki ukuthi ukuphi emhlabeni, ubuchwepheshe buzohlala bukhona, nakuba ungase uqaphele ukuthi ezinye zezibonelo zobuchwepheshe kwamanye amazwe zithuthuke kakhulu kunakwamanye.
Okulandelayo, sizokwethulela abangu-25 abahamba phambili izibonelo zobuchwepheshe ekuphileni kwansuku zonke eziguqule indlela yokuphila yomuntu kuze kube phakade.
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Amandla ahlanzekile
Kusukela kumaselula, i-inthanethi kuya eziqandisini zemikhiqizo ebolayo, lezi ngezinye zezibonelo zobuchwepheshe ezisebenza ngogesi. Ngakho-ke ukukhiqizwa kwayo kube umkhakha wokufunda obanzi.
Ngokuvamile, ukukhiqizwa kukagesi kungaba yingozi endaweni ezungezile, ngakho kuye kwacutshungulwa ubuchwepheshe obuhlukahlukene obuvumela ukuphehlwa kukagesi ngaphandle kokudala umthelela ongaka endaweni ezungezile. Phakathi kobunye balobu buchwepheshe singabala amaphaneli elanga, amandla e-nuclear fission, namandla omoya.
Bonke lobu buchwepheshe busebenzisa imithombo yemvelo esimeme futhi, nakuba bungakhiqiza ukungcoliswa kwemvelo okuthile, abuqhathaniseki nokukhiqizwa kwamandla ngama-hydrocarbon. Wonke amandla avela kulobu buchwepheshe obunobungani bemvelo abizwa ngokuthi amandla ahlanzekile.
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I-Nanotechnology
Singabhekisela kumlingiswa oqanjiwe we-Marvel odume kakhulu ngokuthi "Ironman". Ukubuyekezwa kwakamuva kwesudi yakhe kwakunge-nanotechnology, eyavumela isudi yakhe ukuba yakhe eduze kwakhe, njengokungathi uketshezi lwaluyimboza, futhi inezinye izimfanelo.
Empilweni yangempela, izindwangu ezikwazi ukuzihlanza, ukulawula izinga lokushisa, nokushintsha umbala ziyaklanywa. Lokhu kungenzeka ngenxa yokusetshenziswa kwe-nanochips, okungukuthi, i-nanotechnology. Kungesinye isibonelo sobuchwepheshe.
Lobu buchwepheshe bufuna ukuthuthukisa amadivayisi noma imikhiqizo ku-microscale, lapho kungenzeka khona ukukhohlisa izinto ezingeni le-athomu.
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imfundo ye-inthanethi
Eminyakeni emingaki eyedlule, imfundo yayibhekene nje ubuso nobuso. Kodwa-ke, ngenxa yokufika kwe-inthanethi, imfundo ikwazile ukufinyelela ezindaweni ezingesihle neze Emhlabeni. Kunezinkampani ezahlukene nezinhlangano ezingenzi nzuzo ezikhuthaza imfundo yamahhala ku-inthanethi.
Imfundo nge-inthanethi iyisibonelo sobuchwepheshe obuvumele abantu bakwamanye amazwe ukuba bafundiswe amanyuvesi aziwayo afana ne-"Harvard" emabangeni amade, okwenza imfundo ye-inthanethi ibe ngesinye sezibonelo ezihlaba umxhwele kakhulu zobuchwepheshe.
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amanzi desalination
Kunamazwe lapho amanzi okuphuza eyivelakancane kakhulu noma eyize. Akulungile ukuthi izitshalo ezikwazi ukukhipha usawoti emanzini olwandle ziye zaqaliswa, ukuze ziphuze kubantu.
Lesi sidingo siphinde savela ngenxa yokwanda kwenani labantu emhlabeni, njengoba isibalo sabantu abahlala emhlabeni sikhula, kunesidingo esikhulu samanzi okuphuza. Ngakho-ke, ukukhishwa kukasawoti emanzini olwandle kuyadingeka, ukuze kutholakale lolu ketshezi olubalulekile.
Namuhla kunezitshalo zokukhipha usawoti emanzini, kodwa lezi zikhiqiza udoti ongcolisa izitshalo nezilwane. Ngokukhuthazwa yilokhu, namuhla kwenziwa ucwaningo ngenhloso yokuthuthukisa ubuchwepheshe obukhipha usawoti emanzini ngaphandle kokwandisa umthelela emvelweni.
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Inhlanganisela yomakhalekhukhwini namakhompyutha
Ngokukhulayo i-smartphone yethu iba yinkimbinkimbi futhi isiphenduke ithuluzi elidingekayo emsebenzini wethu. Ngakho-ke kuyindaba yesikhathi esincane ngaphambi kokuba umakhalekhukhwini wethu ungene esikhundleni samakhompyutha ethu.
Yiqiniso, ukuze ufeze lokhu uzodinga ama-microprocessors anamandla, izinkumbulo ezinkulu ze-ROM kanye ne-RAM, kodwa njengoba siye sakwazi ukubona kulo nyaka odlule, izinkampani ezifana ne-iPhone, i-Samsung, i-Xiaomi nezinye ngokuqinisekile ziqondise le foni yomakhalekhukhwini.
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i-quantum computing
Kukhompyutha yakudala, amabhithi aqukethe awodwa kanye noziro asetshenziselwa ukuchaza isimo. Endabeni ye-quantum computing, i-qubit isetshenziswa, noma ebizwa nangokuthi i-quantum bit. I-qubit ivumela ukuba khona kwazo zombili lezi zifundazwe, okungukuthi, ingaba yinye noma zero, noma futhi ibe yinye noziro ngesikhathi esisodwa.
Lesi sibonelo sobuchwepheshe sivela ngenxa yokunciphisa ubukhulu bomzimba bezingxenye ze-elekthronikhi ezitholakala kumakhompyutha avamile.
Ngisho nalapho izikali zamashumi ambalwa ama- nanometer sezifinyelelwe, kufika isikhathi lapho lezi zingxenye ziyeka ukusebenza kahle uma zincishiswa ngokwengeziwe ngosayizi. Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi ama-electron ayakwazi ukudlula ezintweni ezincane kakhulu, ngakho-ke awakwazi ukugcinwa ngaphakathi kwamathrekhi okufanele ajikeleze kuwo.
Yingakho i-quantum computing ihlongozwa, evumela ukuhlolwa kwezifunda ezimbili ezinengqondo ngesikhathi esisodwa, ngakho-ke kungenzeka ukufeza isivinini nemiphumela esheshayo. Isibonelo, uma kukhona izingcezu ezintathu kuphela ezikhona, kuzoba nezifunda eziyisishiyagalombili, kodwa irejista ingacabangela eyodwa yalezi zifunda eziyisishiyagalombili, lezo zingaba:
0 0 0, 0 0 1, 0 1 0, 0 1 1, 1 0 0, 1 0 1, 1 1 0, 1 1 1.
Lapho kukhulunywa ngekhompyutha evamile, irekhodi lingacabangela kuphela esinye salezi zifunda eziyisishiyagalombili ezinengqondo, kodwa ku-quantum computing lezi zifunda eziyisishiyagalombili zingabekwa phezulu ukuze zihlaziywe kanyekanye.
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Ifu
Namuhla, wonke amadivaysi ahlakaniphile axhumeke ku-inthanethi. Futhi kungenxa yokudalwa kwe "The Cloud" lapho zingaxhunywa khona. Ukusungulwa okusha okuvelayo okufana nama-smart TV, iziqandisi ezihlakaniphile, imishini yokuwasha ehlakaniphile nezinye izisetshenziswa eziningi ezingaxhumeka, kodwa ngaphezu kwakho konke zilawulwe ku-Cloud.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, i-Cloud ivumela ukwenza isipele nokubuyekeza ngesikhathi sangempela solwazi olubalulekile kumsebenzisi.
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Xhumana nama-Smartphones elensi
Ziyizibuko ezihlakaniphile ezikwazi ukuxhuma futhi zibonise ukuphequlula kwe-inthanethi kumalensi azo, futhi lobu buchwepheshe buvele butholakala eNyakatho Melika naseYurophu.
Enye yezinkampani ezinkulu ezithuthukisa lobu buchwepheshe i-Google kuphrojekthi yayo ebizwa nge-"Glass", ibe nokuma kancane ngo-2015, kodwa yaphinde yasebenza ngo-2017.
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Isitoreji sedatha
Njengoba ulwazi nolwazi oluqoqwe yizimboni, amanyuvesi nezinye izikhungo kwanda, kuyadingeka ukuthi kube nendawo yokugcina enkulu nenkulu. Nokho, umthamo wenkumbulo wamakhompyutha akhona unomkhawulo futhi lokhu kuholele esifisweni sokuthola izindawo zokugcina idatha.
Isibonelo, iphrojekthi yaqalwa eNyuvesi yase-Harvard yokugcina idatha ku-DNA, le phrojekthi yaphumelela, ikwazi ukugcina kufika ku-700 TB kugramu eyodwa ye-DNA. Enye iphrojekthi efanayo yenziwa i-IBM ekwazile ukugcina ingxenye eyodwa yolwazi kuma-athomu ayishumi nambili nje.
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Amadivayisi nezinto zokwakha ngaphakathi komuntu.
Kusukela ekunyathelisweni kwezitho zokwenziwa kuye kuma-chips afakwe emzimbeni ukuze akhokhele ukuthenga, lawa amanye amaphrojekthi ahlongozwayo futhi athuthukiswa muva nje.
Lezi zinhlobo zemishini nezinto zokwakha zigxile kakhulu endaweni yezempilo, njengezikhumba zokwenziwa ezisiza abantu abake basha, noma izitho zokufakelwa. ubuchwepheshe be-robotic ezilingisa ukusebenza kwezitho ezingase zisebenze njengokufakelwa kabusha.
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ubuhlakani bokwenziwa
Lezi zibonelo zobuchwepheshe zibhekisela kulobo buhlakani obusetshenziswa ubuchwepheshe berobhothi noma ngamadivayisi okwenziwa afana ne-Deep Blue supercomputer noma i-IBM Watson. Ubuhlakani bokwenziwa bubhekwa njengabo obukwazi ukuqonda indawo ezungezile, ukufunda nokwenza izinqubo eziyinkimbinkimbi zokuxazulula izinkinga ukuze kuzuzwe umgomo omisiwe. Yebo, njengasemvelweni, kunamazinga ahlukene obuhlakani bokwenziwa.
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zokwenziwa zebhayoloji
Kusukela ekukhuleni kocwaningo lwezakhi zofuzo, kuye kwatholwa futhi imikhiqizo efana nokudla kokwenziwa kanye nezitho zokwenziwa iye yathuthukiswa kusuka kuma-stem cells.
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ubunjiniyela besimo sezulu
Ngenxa yokukhishwa okuphezulu kwe-carbon dioxide emkhathini, kuye kwahlongozwa imiklamo eminingana yokubamba le gesi. Njengoba kwaziwa, i-CO2 eyeqile emkhathini wethu iba yingozi emvelweni. Ngakho-ke, onjiniyela abaningi emhlabeni wonke baye bakha amathuluzi akwazi ukuthwebula i-carbon dioxide emkhathini ukuze kamuva ahlanzwe futhi asetshenziselwe izinjongo zezohwebo, isibonelo ukuhlanganiswa kukaphethiloli.
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I-Brain Connectome
Kuhunyushwe ngesi-Spanish njenge-connectome yobuchopho. Ubunjiniyela bezofuzo eminyakeni yamuva nje bugxile ezifundweni zabo ekwenziweni kwemephu yomzimba womuntu. Lolu phenyo lufune ukwembula ukuxhumana phakathi kwamakhemikhali kanye nokusabela kukagesi kuma-neurons ethu lapho sifunda futhi sibamba ngekhanda.
Le phrojekthi ihlose ukuthuthukisa ubuchwepheshe bokwenziwa obukwazi ukulingisa ukuziphatha kobuchopho bomuntu.
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umthombo wobusha
Kukhona ucwaningo lobuchwepheshe obubambezela ukuguga kwamangqamuzana obuchopho, njengokusetshenziswa kwethonya likagesi ebuchosheni, ngenhloso yokusenza sifunde futhi sikhumbule ngaphandle kokuthintwa ukuguga.
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Izimoto zikagesi
Omunye wezingqalabutho ekukhiqizeni izimoto zikagesi kube inkampani ka-Elon Musk iTesla Motors. Inezici ezifanayo nezemoto evamile, ngaphandle kokuthi isistimu yayo yokuqhubela phambili isekelwe ezimotweni zikagesi Kungani i-hydrocarbon fuel ithathelwa indawo amandla kagesi. Inzuzo yalezi zinqola ukuthi aziyigcini imvelo uma iqhathaniswa nezinqola ezijwayelekile.
Ngokunjalo, le nkampani ifunda ukuthi kungenzeka yini ukukhiqiza enye into yokuthutha esebenzisa i-levitation kazibuthe njengendlela yokuhlanganisa.
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I-genome yomuntu
Namuhla singakwazi ukunquma ngokunembile okhokho bethu nobungozi bezifo ngokulandelana okumaphakathi kwe-DNA yethu. Ngenxa yemiphumela yocwaningo lwe-Human Genome Project kungenzeka ukuthi ube nalolu lwazi, ngoba bakwazile ukuqedela ngempumelelo ukulandelana okuphelele kwe-DNA yomuntu.
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I-Robotics
La ubuchwepheshe be-robotic Kuvela ekuhlanganiseni kwesayensi ehlukene efana nemishini, i-electronics, computational noma amasistimu. Lobu buchwepheshe bunesandla ekuhlinzekeni imisebenzi enzima engenziwa ngumuntu oyedwa, okumele futhi iqedwe ngokushesha nangephutha elincane. Manje imisebenzi eyayikade yenziwa amadoda ayikhulu futhi ethatha amahora noma izinsuku ukuyiqeda ingaqedwa ngerobhothi elilodwa, iphothulwe ngemizuzu nje embalwa ngephutha elincane.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, ubuchwepheshe be-robotic buye banciphisa ukuphazamiseka ezimbonini, njengoba "ziyisisebenzi" esingatholi iholo, sisebenza isikhathi esengeziwe ngaphandle kokukhathala noma ikhefu noma amaholide, sihlala iminyaka enkampanini ngaphandle kokuthatha umhlalaphansi, silandela imiyalo kuphela.
Noma ubani angacabanga ukuthi kuyindaba yesikhathi ngaphambi kokuba amarobhothi athathe indawo yabantu ngokuphelele, aze asedlule ngisho nokusinqoba futhi abe izisebenzi zawo. Kodwa-ke, lokhu kukude neqiniso, ngoba lokhu kuzokwenzeka kuphela lapho irobhothi likwazi ukudala elinye irobhothi elihlakaniphe kakhulu, nokunye kwesikhangiso se-infinitum. Kusukela ngaleso sikhathi umuntu wayengeke akwazi ukulawula.
Ubuchwepheshe berobhothi bube negalelo elikhulu ezindaweni zokwakhiwa kwezibhedlela, izikole, izimoto. Ngokunokwenzeka, ubuchwepheshe berobhothi buzovumela esikhathini esizayo esingekude kakhulu ukuba khona ukusuka ekhaya kuye emadolobheni ahlakaniphile.
Ngokuvamile, ubuchwepheshe be-robotic buyakwazi ukuqonda indawo ezungezile futhi yenze izenzo ezivumela ukufeza umgomo oklanyelwe wona. Intuthuko yokuqala kubuchwepheshe berobhothi yasebenzela ukwenza izimboni ngokuzenzakalela. Izicelo zobuchwepheshe be-robotic namuhla zisukela kwezolimo kuye ekuhambeni komkhathi.
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izimoto ezingenamuntu
Inkulumo ethi "i-autopilot" ayikaze ilingane kangcono ezimotweni ezithuthukiswa yi-Tesla motors ngokuhlangana ne-Google, iyimoto esebenza ngogesi engadingi umshayeli ukuthi ayishayele. Lokhu akuhlanganisi izimoto zomuntu siqu kuphela kodwa nezinto zokuhamba ngobuningi ezifana nesitimela esingaphansi komhlaba noma esingaphansi komhlaba.
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Ukuphrinta kwe-3D
Lobu buchwepheshe buvumela imiklamo enezinhlangothi ezintathu, ephrintiwe ezintweni ezihlukene, kusukela kupulasitiki osetshenziswe kabusha kuya kushokoledi.
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uhambo oluyimfihlo oluya emkhathini
Kunezinkampani ezifana ne-SpaceX kanye ne-Virgin Galactic ezinentshisekelo yokuthengisa uhambo oluya emkhathini lapho noma ubani ongakwazi ukukhokhela lolu hambo ephila ngendawo.
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I-interface yomsebenzisi yemvelo
Lezi zibonelo zobuchwepheshe zifuna ukusebenzisa ukuthinta kwemvelo komuntu njengemiyalo kumishini kagesi efana nama-smartphone noma imidlalo yevidiyo. Ikhonsoli ye-Wii iyisibonelo esihle kakhulu esisebenzisa ukuthinta komsebenzisi ukuze uhlanganyele kugeyimu yevidiyo.
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Amakhompyutha Agqokekayo ne-HUD
Kubhekiselwa kuwo wonke amadivaysi aphathekayo nahlakaniphile, kunjalo nje ngesinye sezibonelo ezishiwo ngaphambilini zobuchwepheshe njenge-Google Glass.
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Izibonelo zobuchwepheshe: I-Cybersecurity
Ngokugqugquzelwa iqiniso lokuthi cishe lonke ulwazi okwamanje lugcinwe futhi lulawulwa ngedijithali, kuye kwabaluleka ukuthola izindlela zokuphepha ezivikela futhi zivikele ukugcinwa kuyimfihlo kwayo.
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Uhulumeni 2.0
Esinye sezibonelo zezobuchwepheshe eziyimpikiswano kakhulu ekuphileni kwansuku zonke ukuqaliswa kukaHulumeni 2.9. Inhloso yalo msebenzi ukuxhumanisa ipolitiki nohulumeni ngqo nezakhamizi.
Ngokuvamile, ukuxhumana ohulumeni abafisa ukukwenza kwenziwa ngokusebenzisa abezindaba, futhi ngezinye izikhathi izikhundla zalaba bezindaba zikhona, futhi inhloso yezindaba ingase ithinteke.
Le phrojekthi ihlongoza ukusebenzisa i-inthanethi njengohlelo lokuxhumana phakathi kosopolitiki nezakhamuzi kanye nemiphumela yokuphatha kwabo. Inselelo yalezi zindlela zokuxhumana ukuthi izakhamuzi yizo ezinqumayo ukuthi yiluphi ulwazi okufanele lulalele noma lufunde nokuthi yini engalufundi.
Ngokufanayo, njengoba i-inthanethi iyindlela evulekile nekhululekile, ivumela okhiphayo ukuthi aqhathanise ulwazi olunikezwa uhulumeni neminye imithombo. Ngakho-ke, izinkulumo zokulawula umyalezo noma ulwazi ngosopolitiki ngeke zisakwazi uma kusetshenziswa le ndlela.
Ezinye zezimpawu zalo hulumeni 2.0 ukuthi njengoba kunezingosi eziningi zemithombo yezindaba, imikhankaso yezepolitiki ingaba ngeyentando yeningi. Izakhamizi zingaba nomusa ngokwanele ukuxhumana ngqo nosopolitiki bazo futhi ngokuphambene nalokho. ngaphandle kokusebenzisa noma yimuphi umlamuli njenge-ejenti yobudlelwano bomphakathi engafihla kalula imininingwane ofuna ukuyidlulisela.
Futhi, kuzolahlekelwa incazelo emikhankasweni yokhetho njengoba izakhamizi zingathumela imibono yazo ngesikhathi sangempela kohulumeni bazo.
Izinkundla zokuxhumana zizoba yisici esinqumayo sokuthi uyaluwina yini ukhetho noma cha. Usopolitiki kuzofanele akhe ukuxhumana kwangempela nesibalo sabantu, ngoba ubengeke akwazi ukusebenzisa izindlela zobungcweti zepolitiki.
Ngakho-ke i-Government 2.0 ingesinye sezibonelo eziphikisana kakhulu zobuchwepheshe esiphakamisiwe.