Ezinganekwaneni zasendulo zamaGreki, u-Uranus uyisiqu sokuqala sesibhakabhaka futhi uthathwa njengonkulunkulu oyinhloko wendawo yonke. Uma ufuna ukwazi okwengeziwe mayelana uNkulunkulu uranus, amakhono ayo, izinganekwane kanye nenzalo, ungangabazi ukuhlala nathi futhi ujabulele konke okuqukethwe esikulethele kona.
uNkulunkulu uranus
Uranus waziwa emasikweni amaGreki njengoNkulunkulu oyisisekelo wesibhakabhaka owenziwe umuntu, kanti ezinganekwaneni zamaRoma uvezwa ngokuhlukile, futhi uhamba ngegama elithi Caelus. EGreece Yasendulo wenziwa samuntu njengendodana nomyeni kaGea, Umama Womhlaba.
Ngokusho kwe "Theogony", umsebenzi wezinkondlo kaHesiod, le titan yakhulelwa nguGea kuphela. Nokho, eminye imithombo ithi u-Aether wadlala indima yokuba ubaba. U-Uranus noGaia babengabakhokho besizukulwane sokuqala samaTitans, kanye nokhokho abakhulu beningi lonkulunkulu bamaGreki.
Ngokuhamba kweminyaka, alukho uhlobo oluthile lwehlelo le-Uranus olwakwazi ukuqhubeka luphila ezikhathini zakudala. Ngenxa yalesi sizathu, akuveli phakathi kwezihloko ezivamile ze-ceramics yaseGreece Yasendulo. Naphezu kwalokhu, Umhlaba, Isibhakabhaka kanye ne-Styx (oceánide), ukube bekuyingxenye yezicelo ezinesizotha ku-epic yase-Homeric.
I-Etymology
Mayelana ne-etymology yayo, i-etymon etholakala kakhulu ukutholakala uhlobo oluyisisekelo lwe-Proto-Greek *worsanós (Ϝορσανός), enwetshwe isuka ku-ṷorsó- (etholakala futhi ngesiGreki ouréō `ukuchama', isiSanskrit varṣá `imvula' kanye ne-Hetite fogar-" "). Ngakolunye uhlangothi, impande ehambisanayo ye-Indo-European ithi *ṷérs-: ("ukumanzisa", "ukuconsa"; ngesiSanskrit: várṣati, to rain).
Ngenxa yalesi sizathu, u-Uranus uvame ukubizwa ngokuthi "Umenzi wemvula" noma lowo ophethe ukuvundisa umhlaba. Ngaphezu kwalokhu okungenhla, kukhona enye i-etymology engasebenzi kahle lapho incazelo ithi: "lowo osesikhundleni esiphezulu" kusukela ku-Proto-Indo-European *ṷérso- (ngeSanskrit: vars-man: ukuphakama, phezulu *).
Ngokufanayo, igama layo cishe livela empandeni ye-Proto-Indo-European *w ("ukumboza", "ukuvala") noma *wel ("ukumboza", "ukugoqa"). Ukuqhathanisa okwenziwa esikhathini esidlule uGeorges Dumézil, isazi sefilosofi saseFrance kanye nesazi-mlando kanye nochwepheshe emiphakathini nasezinkolweni zase-Indo-European, mayelana nobudlelwano phakathi kuka-Uranus nonkulunkulu wamaVeda u-Váruṇa, akukaqinisekwa neze ngenani elikhulu lezazi-mlando.
mythos
Ezikhathini zasendulo, esikhathini eside ngaphambi kwalokho esikwazi namuhla njengeRiphabhulikhi yamaGreki, kubantu baseGreece, u-Uranus wayengumfanekiso kaNkulunkulu ohluliwe. Ngaphezu kwenganekwane yokuthenwa kwakhe, wayengavamile ukuhlotshaniswa njengomuntu we-anthropomorphic, wayemane nje eyisibhakabhaka, evame ukukhulelwa izimpucuko zokuqala njengophahla lwethusi noma i-dome yomhlaba wonke eyayibanjwe yi-Titan Atlas.
Ezinkondlweni ezahlukahlukene zakwaHomeric, u-Uranus udlala indima yelinye ikhaya labonkulunkulu bama-Olympian. Singagqamisa lapho kuyi- Iliad, uNereid Tethys ekhuphuka olwandle eyoncenga uZeus futhi embhalweni kuthiwa: “ekuseni kakhulu waqhamuka ezobingelela u-Uranus no-Olympus, kodwa wagijimela endodaneni kaCronos…”
Ngakolunye uhlangothi, uWilliam Sale kwenye yezincwadi zakhe uveza ukuthi i-Uranus njengento ebonakalayo (ουρανός), ibhekisela esibhakabhakeni esisithola ngaphezu kwethu, kodwa lapho onkulunkulu bengahlali khona ngempela, kwakumane kuyisihloko esanikezwa. emkhawulweni ongaphezulu wecosmos.
Nakuba u-Uranus ayengomunye wonkulunkulu bokuqala boHlanga Lwabantu BamaGreki, ezincwadini nakuwebhu akukho ukwaziswa okuningi ngemisebenzi yakhe, esizokuthola izinombolo zezinganekwane nezinsumansumane eziphathelene nokuba khona kwakhe. Phakathi kwezinto ezaziwa kakhulu yilezi ezilandelayo:
Ukuchithwa kwe-Uranus
Ezinganekwaneni Zokudala Ama-Olympic, njengoba uHesiod elandisa ku-Theogony, u-Uranus wehlela emhlabeni njalo ebusuku ukuze ayihlanganise futhi ahlanganyele noGaia. Nokho, walahla ngayinye yezidalwa zakhe, ngenxa yalokhu, lapho inzalo yakhe isizozalwa, wayigcina esifubeni sikanina.
UGea, ukuze aziphindiselele ngalokhu, wakha icebo lapho, ngosizo lwamaTitans, ayezothena u-Uranus, uCronus kuphela, indodana encane, eyamukelwa. Umfundisi waqopha isikela elikhulu lensengetsha ngezandla zakhe walinika indodana yakhe ukuba yenze umsebenzi wayo.
UCronos waqamekela uyise futhi wasebenzisa ithuluzi ukumthena, wabe esephonsa amasende olwandle. Kusukela kulawo maconsi egazi achithekile, kwazalwa abakwa-Erinye, abakwaMeliades, abaMdondoshiya futhi ngokwezindaba eziningi, namaTelchines. Izitho zangasese ziphonswe olwandle futhi igwebu lazala u-Aphrodite.
Ngemva kwalesi senzakalo, uCronus wavala uyise eTartarus, kwalasha ojulile ngaphansi komhlaba ongaphansi komhlaba, kanye namaCyclopes namaHecatonchires, ayesaba ngendlela efanayo. Ngale ndlela, waba yinkosi ephakeme yendawo yonke kanye neZulu, futhi uyise wayengeke esaba nesibopho sokumboza uMhlaba ebusuku. Ngaphambi kokudingiswa kwakhe, u-Uranus wabikezela ukuthi amaTitans ayezojeziswa ngenxa yokukhohlisa okunjalo, elindele ukunqoba kukaZeus phezu kukaCronus.
ukuzalwa kuka-zeus
I-Theogony and Library Science ithi uGea no-Uranus babebikezele ukuthi uCronos wayezokwehliswa esihlalweni enye yamadodana akhe, ngakho-ke, i-Titan yazama ukubalekela lesi siprofetho esibuhlungu futhi yashwabadela yonke inzalo yakhe.
Ngosizo lwabo bobabili, uRhea, umkaCronos, wakwazi ukusindisa uZeus esiphethweni sakhe esasiseduze futhi wamfihla waze wakwazi ukukhula futhi agumbuqele uyise. Kusukela lapho, umzukulu kankulunkulu oyinhloko wamaGreki wasebenzisa umsebenzi kaNkulunkulu Wasezulwini kanye neNkosi yabo bonke Onkulunkulu.
Ukufika kwe-Uranus emandleni
Nakuba sesike sakhuluma ngezindaba ezibaluleke kakhulu kulo Nkulunkulu, asikaze sizenze mayelana nokufika kwakhe enamandla. Ezinganekwaneni zasendulo zamaGreki, i-Chaos kwakuyigama elinikezwe amandla okuqala ayephethe amandla oMkhathi ngaphambi kokuba khona konkulunkulu.
Isiphithiphithi sabusa eCosmos isikhathi eside, kodwa kungazelelwe, u-Erebus waphuma endaweni engenalutho, ukwenziwa samuntu kobumnyama nethunzi. Ngaso leso sikhathi, kwavela ubusuku. Ngaleso sikhathi, ubumnyama, ukuthula nokuthula kwabusa endaweni yonke, kwaze kwaba yilapho ekugcineni Uthando luzibonakalisa, okuyimbangela enkulu yokudala. Eqinisweni, ukukhanya kwavela ku-Love, futhi uGaia, Umhlaba, wazalwa kuwo.
I-Erebus, nobusuku, kwaveza u-Ether, umfanekiso “wezulu eliphezulu,” ukukhanya kwasezulwini, ipharadesi, nomkhathi. Laba bobabili bazala uHemera, unkulunkulukazi wasendulo kanye nomuntu wesifazane wangaleso sikhathi. Ngaphandle kuka-Erebus, uBusuku wazala ububi obunye obuhlukumeza umuntu; ukubhujiswa, impindiselo, isiphetho, ukufa, njll.
Ngakolunye uhlangothi, uGaia wakhulelwa kuphela indodana eyodwa, u-Uranus, owaba umbusi wezulu ngokushesha. Kwesinye isikhathi, umama nendodana bashada futhi baba nezingane eziningi, okuhlanganisa ne-Twelve Titans yodumo.
izincazelo
Izinganekwane ezintathu esisanda kuzilandisa, ezinemvelaphi ekude, azizange zibonakale ezinkolelweni zamaGreki. Umsebenzi oyinhloko we-Uranus wawuzonqotshwa eminyakeni edlule, ngisho nangaphambi kokuba kuqale isikhathi sangempela.
Njengoba sishilo ngaphambili, lapho ukuthenwa kwakhe sekwenzekile, iZulu aliphindanga labuya ukumboza Umhlaba ebusuku, kunalokho lathatha indawo yakhe, futhi lokho okwakuthathwa njengabazali bokuqala kwaphela. Ngaphakathi kwePantheon yamaGreki, uNkulunkulu obaluleke kakhulu iminyaka eminingi kwakungu-Uranus, ngaphambi kokuba uZeus athathe amandla.
Ukuba khona kwezinye izinganekwane
Inganekwane yokuthenwa kuka-Uranus ifana kakhulu nendalo yaseHurrian, abantu bangempela ababehlanganisa izifunda zalokho manje esekuyiningizimu-mpumalanga yeTurkey, inyakatho yeSiriya ne-Iraq, kanye nenyakatho-ntshonalanga ye-Iran. Enkolweni yalaba bantu basendulo, u-Anu wayemelela uNkulunkulu weZulu, indodana yakhe uKumarbi yadabula isitho sangasese ngomlomo wayo yaxosha onkulunkulu abathathu. Kuleli qembu kwakukhona uTeshubi, owasusa uyise esihlalweni.
Kuzo zombili izinganekwane zaseSumeri, zase-Asiriya naseBabiloni, i-Anu iyisithombe esicacile seZulu, kanye noMthetho nokuhleleka. Ngenxa yalesi sizathu, kukholakala ukuthi u-Uranus, okungenani ekuqaleni, wayengunkulunkulu ovela emasikweni ase-Indo-European.
Uxhunywe noVedic Váruna, umnakekeli ophakeme wokuzwana nokuthula owagcina esephenduke unkulunkulu wemifula nezilwandle. Lokhu kufana kwaphakanyiswa ngumFulentshi uGeorges Dumézil elandela ezinyathelweni zomsebenzi womuntu wakubo u-Émile Durkheim, "Izinhlobo eziyisisekelo zempilo yenkolo" (1912).
Enye yemibono eminingi kaDumézil, iveza ukuthi unkulunkulu wase-Iranian ophakeme u-Ormuz noma owaziwa kangcono ngokuthi u-Ahura Mazda, ungukuthuthuka kwe-Indo-Iranian ngokuqondile. *vouruna-*mitra*. Lokhu kusho ukuthi ubunkulunkulu obunjalo buyoba nezimfanelo ezifanayo nezikaMithras, uNkulunkulu Wemvula.
Inzalo
UHesiod kanye nomsebenzi wakhe wezinkondlo othi "Theogeny" uthi u-Uranus wazala amaTitan ayishumi nambili kanye noGaia. Amadoda ayisithupha: u-Oceanus, u-Ceo, uCrius, uHyperion, u-Iapetus, noCronos; nabesifazane abayisithupha: uPhoebe, uMnemosyne, uRhea, uThemis, uThetis, kanye neTiye. Ngaphezu kwalokhu, bakhulelwa amaCyclopes amathathu: i-Brontes, i-Estéropes ne-Arges; futhi kumaHecatonchire amathathu: uCoto "Onenya", uBriareus "Onamandla" noGyges "Owomhlaba". Bobabili babengamaqembu emidondoshiya enamandla.
Ngemva kokuthenwa kwakhe, uNkulunkulu Wesibhakabhaka waba nguyise wezinye izidalwa eziningi. Ngesikhathi igazi lakhe lichithwa kuGaia, kwavela ama-Erinyes noma amaFuries, onkulunkulukazi ababenokoma okungapheli kokuziphindiselela, kanye namaMeliades, ama-nymphs ezihlahla zomlotha ezitholakala ezintabeni eziphakeme.
Ukwengeza, ilungu likaNkulunkulu lawela ngqo olwandle, futhi kusukela lapho kwavela u-Aphrodite, unkulunkulukazi wobuhle, inkanuko nothando. UHomer emisebenzini yakhe uqinisekisa ukuthi ubunkulunkulu obushiwo ngumkhiqizo wobudlelwane phakathi kukaZeus noDione. UPlato wake wasikisela ukuthi lokhu kwakungenxa yokuthi igama elithi Aphrodite lalibhalwe onkulunkulukazi ababili abahlukene; omdala, u-Urania, kanti omncane, uPandemos. Ngakho ukudideka okunjalo. Okokugcina, sithola uLisa, ozalwa nguNix (Ubusuku) kanye no-Uranus, ukwenziwa samuntu kohlanya nokucasuka okungaboni.
Uma ngabe le ndatshana ubuyithanda, ungashiyi ngaphandle kokuyifunda kuqala: