Iqhwa lakhiwe ngamakristalu amanzi, ngokuvamile amelela umumo wenkanyezi onezingalo eziyisithupha. Lawa aqoqwe abe ama-flakes, ngalinye lithatha izimo ezihlukene. A Iqhwa leqhwa, amafomu emafwini anamazinga okushisa angu-12 degrees, thola kulesi sihloko konke mayelana namakhekheba eqhwa, ukwakheka kwawo nokuningi!
Akhiwa kanjani amakhekheba eqhwa?
Ukwakheka kuvela ekukhiqizweni kweqhwa, ngakolunye uhlangothi, ukudalwa kwekhekheba leqhwa kuqala emafwini kusuka ezinhlayiyeni zothuli futhi kwehle kusuka kumhwamuko wamanzi ahlangana ndawonye futhi abe yiqhwa ngenxa yamazinga okushisa aphansi.
Amakristalu eqhwa ane-symmetry ene-hexagonal, i-geometrically ibhekwa njengesibalo esakhiwe izinhlangothi eziyisithupha ezilinganayo, le-asymmetry idalwe ngoba ama-molecule wamanzi nama-athomu e-hydrogen ahlukaniswa ngama-degree angu-12C komunye nomunye, ngendlela ye-hexagon.
Njengoba amakristalu eqhwa amancane ewa, ezinye izinhlayiya zamanzi ziqala ukuhlangana nawo, zakhe futhi zilolonge amajiyometri amasha nangavamile. Lawa makristalu amasha, amakhulu kakhulu abizwa ngamakhekheba eqhwa.
I-geometry ye- amakhekheba eqhwa ziyahlukahluka kuye ngokwezinga lokushisa kanye nomswakama, emazingeni okushisa okungenani angu-6 degrees centigrade, kanye nomswakama ophansi. Amakhekheba eqhwa angamapuleti ama-hexagonal alula, kodwa njengoba umswakama ukhula futhi amazinga okushisa ehla, izimo zamakhekheba eqhwa ziba yinkimbinkimbi kakhulu njengoba zihlukana ngokulinganayo.
Ngenxa yobunkimbinkimbi nezinhlobonhlobo zezimo ezitholakala ngamakhekheba eqhwa, ososayensi baye baphetha ngokuthi ngalinye limane lihlukile. Okumangazayo ngala makhekheba eqhwa ukuthi anezinhlangothi eziyisithupha ezilinganayo.
Lesi yisenzakalo esingokwemvelo esithakaselwa kakhulu isintu ngenxa yezici ezingavamile nezimangalisayo ezisichazayo. Njengeqiniso eliphawulekayo, iqhwa ngokuvamile alimhlophe, empeleni alinambala futhi lisobala, lokho amehlo ethu akubonayo kuwumphumela wokumuncwa kwemisebe yelanga ebusweni egcina isimboze amakhekheba eqhwa.
Ukwakheka kwe-flake akulula kangako, lawa makristalu athuthukile ngaphakathi kwefu lapho izimo ezithile zomswakama, izinga lokushisa, ukucindezela, ukuminyana kanye nevolumu yizimo ezifanele kakhulu zokwakheka kweqhwa.
Ikristalu ngayinye ilandela umkhondo futhi iveza umlando ochazwe kakhulu kulelo fu elingumama. Ngokukhuphuka nokwehla okuningi, amaqoqo, kanye nokushayisana, uma lelo kristalu seliphumile efwini, lihlangabezana nezimo zomoya ezahlukahlukene njengokucindezela, umoya, nezinga lokushisa eligcina lisesimweni sokubukeka kwalo kokugcina.
Izinhlobo eziyinhloko zamakhekheba eqhwa
Lapho izinga lokushisa lishintshashintsha phakathi kwama-degree angu-0, amakristalu athatha izimo ezimangalisayo, ngayinye enezici ezingavamile kakhulu, nokho, wonke anomumo wejometri, okuyisici esivelele kakhulu phakathi kwamakhekheba eqhwa. Kukhona-ke, izinhlobo eziningi zama-flakes, kodwa lezi zivelele kakhulu:
- amashidi anezinkanyezi: Isithombe sawo simelwe umfanekiso omise okwenkanyezi, iyiqhwa elicwebezelayo elivame ukuhlukaniswa libe ngamaphoyinti ayisithupha abanzi. Lolu hlobo lwe Iqhwa leqhwa Ingenye eyaziwa kakhulu.
- I-Stellar Dendrites: Imele enye yezinhlobo ezivelele kakhulu zamakhekheba eqhwa akhona phakathi kwawo, isibalo sawo sibhekisela emaphuzwini amahle ngendlela yamagatsha, okuzungezile amagatsha amancane adwetshwa ahlobisa isimo esingavamile sale crystal.
- Amakristalu angunxantathu: Ziwuhlobo lwekristalu olwakhiwe ngokungavamile kakhulu, lokhu kungenxa yokushisa lapho amakristalu akhiwa khona, ukuze kwenzeke kuyadingeka ukuthi izinga lokushisa likhuphuke phakathi kwama-2 noma ama-3 degrees, ngenxa yalesi sizathu kukhona ushintsho. ezicini zayo. Amakhekheba eqhwa abe esethatha umfanekiso onjengonxantathu, okuyiqiniso ukuthi nakuba eyivelakancane, mahle ngendlela emangalisayo uma uwabuka.
- I-bullet rosette: Iqanjwe igama layo ngenxa yenqubo yemvelo eziyenzayo lapho isondela ebusweni bomhlaba, ngokuvamile lezi zifika zihlangene, futhi ngokuhamba kweqhwa liyaqhuma futhi ekugcineni zibonakale lapho ziwela ngesimo sezinhlamvu.
Lingakanani ikhekheba leqhwa?
Njengoba sibonisile, izici ezikhona amakhekheba eqhwa ancike kakhulu esimweni sendawo ezungezile nomoya akhula kuzo, ngokuvamile anobubanzi obuphakathi kwamasentimitha ayisishiyagalombili nayishumi.
Ngakolunye uhlangothi, njengoba ukwakheka kwamakhekheba eqhwa kuhambisana nezinga lokushisa, sikunikeza uhlu lwamazinga okushisa avamile ahlukanisa uhlobo lokwakheka nokuklama lapho ngayinye yalezi zithuthukiswa khona:
Ngezinga lokushisa elingu-16C, ama-flakes aqala ukwakheka ngendlela yamakholomu. Lapho izinga lokushisa lingaphezu kuka-12 C, ama-flakes avame ukuwa ngendlela yama-dendrites. Ngaphansi kwezinga lokushisa elingu-10C, okuthiwa ama-flakes amise okwepuleti akhiqizwa.
Endabeni yamazinga okushisa angaphezu kuka-6C, ukukhiqizwa kwamakhekheba eqhwa kukhiqizwa ngendlela yamakholomu angenalutho.
Ngenkathi i--4C e ifika ukuze yenze ama-flakes anjengenaliti. Njengoba ekugcineni izinga lokushisa licishe libe ngu -0C sifika ekukhiqizweni kwama-flakes amangalisayo ngendlela yamaheksagoni.
Njengoba sibona, ngayinye yalezi zinhlobo Iqhwa leqhwa, alungiswa isimo sezulu somkhathi esikhona ezimweni zemvelo ezikhona endaweni ethile. Kungaba ama-flakes abizwa ngokuthi amapuleti, amakholomu, ama-dendrite, ngisho nama-flakes amise okwenkanyezi ama-hexagonal, ngalinye linezici ezivelele nezikhazimulayo okungenakwenzeka ukuziziba futhi ezifanele ukutuswa.
Kungani amakhekheba eqhwa amhlophe?
Kuyo yonke imibuzo ekhona mayelana nezinqubo zemvelo umuntu azenzayo lapho edlula emhlabeni, enye yazo ukuthi kungani iqhwa limhlophe, noma kungani amakhekheba eqhwa emhlophe. Umbuzo esizowunikeza impendulo kule migqa elandelayo:
Njengoba sesivele sazi, amakhekheba eqhwa amelela isakhiwo seqhwa elicwebezelayo. Leli qhwa elicwebezelayo alinawo umbala. Umbala omhlophe ubonakala ekukhanyeni kweso lomuntu ngenxa yemisebe yelanga ebekwe phezu kobuningi bezinhlayiya zeqhwa ezicwebezelayo. Ngenxa yemisebe yokukhanya, ukubona kwethu kubonisa iqhwa ngokwezigaba ezisuselwe kumbala omhlophe.
Likhithika kuphi?
Ngokuvamile likhithika kakhulu emazweni asenyakatho nenkabazwe njenge-Japan noma eningizimu-ntshonalanga ye-United States, lawa amelela izindawo ezibonakala ngokuwa kweqhwa okukhulu.
Enye indawo lapho iqhwa linqwabelana khona ngobuningi iseningizimu ye-Alaska. Kulelo zwe, ngenxa yokucindezela komkhathi, kuvumela ukwakheka kwamakhekheba eqhwa futhi mhlawumbe nezinhlobo ezahlukene zawo. Kungabonakala futhi phezulu eziqongweni ze- Izintaba ephakeme ngenxa yamazinga okushisa aphansi.
Iqhwa kwamanye amazwe limele esinye sezizathu zokuthi kungani ezinye izivakashi zincamela ukuvakashela lezi zindawo, ukuze ziphile isipiliyoni sokubona, ukuthinta kanye nokuzwa lesi sigameko semvelo, okungewona wonke amazwe emhlabeni anenhlanhla yokuba nawo. izimo ezidingekayo ukuze inqubo yokwehla kweqhwa ithuthuke.
Kwamanye amazwe ezwekazi laseYurophu kuvame kakhulu ukuthi ngezinkathi zonyaka iqhwa liyawa, phakathi kwawo iFrance igqama, okungangabazeki ukuthi iyizwe elinezinga eliphezulu lezokuvakasha.
Ngenkathi ngokungafani ne Izwekazi laseMelika kunzima kakhulu ukuba iqhwa libe khona ngenxa yezimo zemvelo, njengoba amazwe amaningi aseMelika angamazwe ashisayo. Lokhu kunjalo ngeVenezuela, Colombia, Brazil, phakathi kwabanye.
Amazwe lapho kuphela izinkathi zonyaka ezimbili noma ezintathu ezithuthukayo unyaka wonke, okuhlanganisa intwasahlobo, ihlobo nekwindla, ngaphandle kwasebusika, ngokuvamile isimo sezulu sishisa kakhulu futhi sifudumele. Umcimbi lapho iqhwa lingehli khona emazweni aseNingizimu Melika.
Nakuba eNyakatho Melika amazwe anazo izinkathi zonyaka ezine zonyaka, ezibangela izinguquko ezinkulu zesimo sezulu ezivumela amazinga okushisa aphansi avumela ukukhithika.
Okokugcina, kuyamangalisa ngempela ukwazi okwengeziwe mayelana nakho konke okuchazayo, izimo, ezihlobisa futhi zondle imvelo. Sifunde konke mayelana namakhekheba eqhwa, kusukela manje kuqhubeke kuzoba umbukwane wangempela ukufakaza nokubuka iqhwa eliwayo ngakolunye uhlangothi.
Isenzakalo esiyingxenye yesimo sethu semvelo asilokothi singanakwa, futhi siyaqashelwa. Akungabazeki ukuthi ngelinye lamaqiniso avelele kakhulu imvelo esinikeza yona, ukuma kwayo, ukuthungwa kwayo, umbala nokunye, ezinye zezici zeqhwa uMama Womhlaba esinikeza zona.
Naphezu kokuthi kungabanda kangakanani ukuba eduze neqhwa, esintwini kuyohlale kuyisenzakalo esingokwemvelo esivusa ilukuluku, ukutuswa nokuzilibazisa. Kungaphezulu kakhulu kwenqubo, umcimbi othokozisayo ngempela ogcwele okulindelekile, ubumnandi kanye nelukuluku lemvelo yethu kuphela esinika yona ngenxa yezici zayo ezingehlulwa.