Ukungcola eCosta Rica, ngokusho kwabahlaziyi bemvelo, kuhlobene ngokuqondile nephethini yokusetshenziswa kwabantu baseCosta Rica. Ngenxa yokuthi indlela yokudla nokukhiqiza izakhamuzi zaseCosta Rica ithanda ukungcoliswa kwalelo zwe. Ukuze kuxazululwe lesi simo, bonke abalingisi emphakathini kufanele babe yingxenye yoguquko oluya endleleni eqhubekayo yokusebenzisa.
Ukungcola eCosta Rica
Isidingo sezimpahla nezinkonzo umphakathi waseCosta Rica sibe nomthelela omubi emithonjeni yemvelo yaleso sizwe, ngenxa yokuthi "indawo yemvelo" ekhiqizwa isakhamuzi saseCosta Rican, ilandelana ngaphezu kuka-8% wezwe. ikhono lokuvuselela imithombo yemvelo yaleso sizwe.
Ngokusho kwedatha enikezwe ku-First State of the Environment Report ngo-2017, ukuxhashazwa kwemithombo yemvelo ukuze kukhiqizwe izimpahla nezinsizakalo ukuze kusetshenziswe abantu baseCosta Ricans kuye kwaholela ezinkingeni zemvelo ezinjengokungcola, ukwanda kwemfucuza evamile kanye nobuthi, futhi ukulahleka kwale mithombo yemvelo kanye nokuncipha kokuhlukahluka kwebhayoloji.
Ngenxa yalokhu, isikhulu esiphezulu sezemvelo saseCosta Rica sibike ukuthi lelo zwe libika ukushoda kwemvelo okubangelwa imodeli yamanje yokusetshenziswa futhi, ukuze kuxazululwe lokhu kusilela, yonke imikhakha eyenza ukuphila eCosta Rica futhi ehlobene nemvelo. izinkinga, ngokuqondile nangokungaqondile.
Ukubamba iqhaza okubonakalayo kwezakhamizi ukwenza ushintsho ekuziphatheni ngendlela ezisebenzisa ngayo izimpahla ezinikezwa umphakathi kubalulekile. Lolu shintsho luya ludingeka kakhulu futhi kufanele lusungulwe ngendlela ehlangene emikhakheni eyahlukene eyenza ukuphila ezweni, ukuze kuxazululwe ngendlela ehleliwe nehlelekile izinkinga zokuxhashazwa ngokweqile kwemithombo yemvelo kanye nokuphathwa kwemfucuza.
Ukusetshenziswa Kwezimpahla Namasevisi
Bonke abantu banezizathu ezihlukene zokusebenzisa imikhiqizo namasevisi abawanikezayo emakethe yezomnotho, kwezinye izimo basuke beyizici ezicatshangelwayo lapho kucatshangelwa khona indlela ehlobene nezindleko zemikhiqizo, ikhwalithi yayo, usizo, phakathi kwezinye izici. Ngokufanayo, abanye abathengi bacabangela izici ezihlobene nempilo, inhlalakahle, kanye negalelo labo emphakathini.
Le mikhiqizo eyenziwe ngokucabangela umnikelo wayo emphakathini, njengemikhiqizo ye-organic, ngokuvamile ithengwa abantu abasha abanamandla amakhulu okuthenga, ngoba izindleko zabo zibiza kakhulu. Ukwengeza, ezicini zangaphambilini zesimo ezidlala indima ebalulekile lapho kudla, isici somzwelo esingenela ngokungazi kufanele futhi sicatshangelwe.
Ngokusho kwesazi sokusebenza kwengqondo u-Amarillys Quiroz R, onguchwepheshe ocwaningweni lwabathengi, kunezici ezithinta abathengi ngokungazi, okuyizimo ezithinta imizwa nezinzwa, ezixhumene nokuhambisana nezifiso zabo, kanye nobuntu babo. Njengoba nje lezi zici zangaphakathi zisebenza, izici zangaphandle nazo ziyangenelela ezikhuthaza ukutholwa kwezimpahla namasevisi ngendlela engalawuleki, ngokumakethwa kwemikhiqizo, imilayezo yokukhangisa, izinkundla zokuxhumana kanye nazo zonke ezinye izindlela ezidalelwe ukudla nokushintshanisa.
Ngenxa yalokhu, ukuba ngumthengi ofundile futhi ozibophezele kuholela ekucaceni ukuthi umthengi ngamunye angaba kanjani i-ejenti yoshintsho, ngenxa yalesi sizathu kumele acacise ukuthi yini ehilelekile esenzweni sokudla futhi, ngaphezu kwalokho, afune ukuba yingxenye. yenguquko.yesimo sengqondo. Isenzo sokudla siqhutshwa phakathi kuka-85 kuya ku-90% yizingxenye eziqulekile futhi i-10% kuphela ehlobene nolwazi lokumaketha.
Ukusetshenziswa Ngokuqaphela
Lokhu kusho ukuthi ngesikhathi sokuthola okuhle kufanele wazi isizathu sokuthi kungani? thola okuhle okuthile futhi, uma udinga ngempela ukuthola, isibonelo umakhalekhukhwini omusha, izicathulo zemfashini, ukudla endaweni ethile, imikhiqizo yokuhlanza. Kodwa-ke, ngenxa yalokhu, abathengi kufanele baqaphele ukushintshashintsha kokuthi ukusetshenziswa kuthinta kanjani ukuvikelwa kwemvelo kanye nokuphathwa okwanele kobuhlakani babo bezentengiselwano nezezimali.
Ngaphezu kwakho konke ngoba okwamanje lo mphakathi ufakwe emjikelezweni womnotho wokukhipha, ukukhiqiza, ukudliwa kanye nokufaka esikhundleni. Lo mjikelezo wokukhiqiza usekelwe ekuxhashazweni kwemithombo yemvelo ukuze kukhiqizwe izimpahla namasevisi, ahlinzekwa ngaphansi kokuhlelwa kokuphelelwa yisikhathi, futhi esikhundleni sawo amamodeli amasha ngesikhathi esifushane. Okuholela ekusetshenzisweni njalo, ukukhula komnotho okuqhubekayo kanye nokwanda kokungcoliswa kwemvelo.
Lokhu kuguquguquka kokukhiqiza izimpahla ngaphakathi kokuhlela okuphelelwe yisikhathi kungabonakala kalula embonini yemfashini nezobuchwepheshe, ngokuvuselelwa njalo, isibonelo, amakhompyutha, omabonakude kanye nomakhalekhukhwini. Embonini yezemfashini, kuyabonakala ukuthi inani elikhulu lezingubo zenziwa ngokushibhile, ngenxa yezindleko zomsebenzi oshibhile ovela emazweni anjengeBangladesh, Vietnam neNdiya.
Lokhu kusho ukuthi abathengi baya emaketangeni amakhulu ezimpahla lapho bezithenga khona ngamanani aphansi kakhulu, okubavumela ukuthi badle izingubo ezishibhile nezisezingeni eliphansi ezishintshwa ngokushesha. Ukwazi ukufundisa izakhamizi ukuthi zibe abantu abadla ngokuqaphela kusho ukunqanda ukusetshenziswa okungadingekile kwemikhiqizo kanye nokuthola lezo zimpahla ezizidinga ngempela, nokuqala kabusha amasiko amadala njengokuthenga lokho okudingeka ngempela nokulungisa nokusebenzisa kabusha izinto.
Ngokunjalo, lolu hlobo lokusebenzisa ngokuqaphela luphinde lusho ukugaywa kabusha kwemikhiqizo ezoyeka ukusetshenziswa, lokhu kuzovumela izimpahla ezilahliwe ukuthi zibuyele emjikelezweni omusha wokukhiqiza futhi kube nomthelela ekungcoleni kwemvelo okuncane. Ukwengeza, ukugaywa kabusha kuyinqubo ekhiqizayo engaba yingxenye yalo mnotho omncane oyindilinga lapho noma ubani angabamba iqhaza khona. Okusho ukuthi isinyathelo sokuqala ukunciphisa ukusetshenziswa kwempahla nezinsizakalo.
Ngalokhu, kuphakanyiswa ukuthi ngaphambi kokuthenga zibuze, ingabe udinga ngempela ukuyithenga?Uma impendulo ithi CHA, usuvele wazi ukuthi awudingi ukuyithenga. Kunalokho, uma impendulo ithi YEBO, kuzomele kubuzwe eminye imibuzo: Ingabe izoba umkhiqizo ohlala isikhathi eside?Yikuphi okunye engingawusebenzisa?Kungenzeka yini ukuwusebenzisa kabusha?Iyiphi indlela ephephile yokuwulahla?
Umnotho Oyindilinga
Uma kwenziwa iphrojekthi ebanzi lapho izakhamizi nezimboni zibamba iqhaza, ziqaphela umthelela omubi endaweni ezungezile obangelwa izenzo zabo, amasu omnotho oyindilinga angasetshenziswa, lapho kufunwa khona ukuthi ukubaluleka kwezimpahla nezinsizakalo, njengoba kanye nezinsiza kuhlala isikhathi eside emnothweni kanti ukumosha kuyancishiswa. Phakathi nalolu hlobo lwamaphrojekthi, izinyathelo zokulungisa, ukuvuselela, ukuphinda zisetshenziswe kanye nokwenza kabusha izimpahla zomthengi zizokwenziwa.
Lapho kuqaliswa iphrojekthi yomnotho oyindilinga, imikhiqizo etholwe ekuxhashazweni kwemithombo yemvelo ingaphinde ihlanganiswe ohlelweni lokukhiqiza, ngenhloso yokuthi udoti ube nomthelela omncane emvelweni. Ngokwalokho okwabikwa yi-UN Environment, ukusungula umnotho oyindilinga kungenzeka ukunciphisa phakathi kuka-80% no-99% wemfucuza evela ezimbonini naphakathi kuka-79 no-99% wezinto ezikhishwayo.
ICosta Rica inenkinga enkulu okufanele ixazululwe ukuze kuncishiswe umthelela ongemuhle emvelweni, uma kubhekwa ukuthi ubuchwepheshe esebenza ngabo kanye nokucutshungulwa kwemfucuza eqinile newuketshezi akusasebenzi, njengakwamanye amazwe aseLatin America. Emazweni anobuchwepheshe obuthuthukisiwe, imfucuza isetshenziselwa ukuhlanganisa umhlaba nokusungula imigwaqo namapaki, ukukhiqiza ugesi, kanye neminye imiklamo futhi kusetshenziswe ngokugcwele le ndaba eyinsalela.
I-Makeup Eluhlaza
Ukuze baguqule futhi basebenze ngaphansi kohlelo lomnotho oyindilinga, abathengi baseCosta Rica kufanele baguqule imikhuba yabo yokusebenzisa kanye nekhono labo lokuphinda basebenzise kabusha noma baphinde basebenzise imikhiqizo ethengiwe. Ukufeza lokhu, kufanele udlule ohlelweni lokuqwashisa futhi ukwethule ulwazi oluyiqiniso noluthembekile. Kodwa-ke, emakethe yaseCosta Rican okwamanje, eminye imikhiqizo iphathwa futhi inikezwa ngolwazi oludidayo noma olungamanga mayelana nezakhiwo zabo ezifaka isandla emvelweni, lokho abakubiza ngokuthi "i-makeup eluhlaza" futhi, umthengi okufanele uyinakekele. wena.
Nokho, ngenxa yokuthi abathengi abanakho ukuqinisekiswa okuyingxenye, abanayo inketho yokuqinisekisa ukuthi ulwazi lwekhwalithi yemvelo yemikhiqizo luyiqiniso kangakanani. Lokhu kwenza kube nzima ukwenza izinqumo ezifanele. Ukuxazulula lesi simo, eCosta Rica kusukela ngo-2019, kwaqala ukuba namalebula emvelo namandla okuqondisa nokwazisa izakhamuzi mayelana nekhwalithi kanye negalelo lazo lemvelo lalezo zimpahla nezinsizakalo ezizozithola.
Ngaphambilini, lolu hlelo kungenzeka ukuthi belunesigaba sokuqwashisa abathengi, ngenhloso yokwazisa ngobuqiniso bolwazi olukumalebula amasha emvelo. Kuye ngokuthi umthengi unolwazi kangakanani ngokubaluleka kokongiwa kwemvelo kanye nobuqiniso bolwazi olwethulwa emikhiqizweni ephawulwe ngaphambilini, abathengi bazokhetha okuhle nesevisi ethile, benqabe lezo ezinokwethenjelwa kancane.
Njengoba kukhona ukunikezwa kwemikhiqizo enamalebula emvelo, ochwepheshe bezemvelo babheka ukuthi kuwumsebenzi wezakhamuzi ukuhlala unolwazi futhi lapho uthenga okuhle, babuyekeze amalebula nokwakheka kwemikhiqizo ukuze baqinisekise ukuthi ingabe ingaphakathi kwemithethonqubo futhi iyahambisana nokwangempela. amazinga, ngakho-ke ungathengi imikhiqizo enamalebula aluhlaza ngolwazi olungenakuqinisekiswa.
Ngendlela efanayo, ngaphambi kokuthenga noma yikuphi okuhle noma isevisi, kufanele ucace ngalokho okufunayo nokuthi uzoyisebenzisela ini, futhi ucabange nokuthi imfucuza yakho izophathwa kanjani. Ukuze ushintshe iphethini yakho yokusebenzisa kufanele wenze izinguquko ezithile:
- Cacisa ukuthi kungani kufanele ushintshe
- Buyekeza umkhuba wakho wokusebenzisa nokuthi izinguquko zakho zizoba kanjani ukuze usetshenziswe ngendlela eqhubekayo
- Yenza uhlelo lokushintsha kancane kancane ukuze wenze iphethini yakho entsha yokusebenzisa
- Zibekele imigomo ongayifinyelela enengqondo
- Yiba nezinhloso ezicacile, ezifika ngesikhathi futhi ezilawulekayo
- Phakamisa uhlelo lokusebenza olukhuluma nawe futhi olukuholela oshintshweni lwakho
Xazulula Ukuphathwa Kwamanzi Angcolile
Nakuba lesi sizwe saseMelika Ephakathi sitshale izindodla zemali ekwenzeni imiklamo yezemvelo futhi siphinde sibe ireferensi emhlabeni wonke ngokombono wemvelo. Kodwa-ke, ukuphathwa kabi kwamanzi angcolile kuye kwaphazamisa izinga lamanzi emifuleni yawo kanye nemibhede yawo. Eminye yemifula engcoliswe kakhulu iTiribí, iMaría Aguilar kanye nemifula yedolobha elikhulu iTorres, kanye neminye.
Kodwa-ke, amanzi amaningi angcolile angcolile afakwa ezindlini ezingaxhumene nesistimu yendle. Njengamanje zingama-21,5% kuphela izindlu ezixhumene nemisele yamanzi okuphuza kanti kulezi zindlu ezixhunyiwe zingama-37% kuphela ezithola ukugezwa ngamanzi azo angcolile. Ama-63% asele axhunyiwe kodwa amanzi angcolile adlula kuwo awahlanzwa.
Izindlu namabhizinisi angaxhumekile afaka amanzi awo angcolile ngemikhondo yezinto zokuhlanza kanye nendle emathangini e-septic lapho kulawulwa khona udaka, nokho, ngokusho kweziphathimandla, ukuvinjelwa kuletha izinkinga ezithile. Okufana nokuklama okungalungile, ukwakhiwa nokuphathwa kwamathangi e-septic kanye ne-drainage.
Lesi simo sithinta usebe lwemifula ngakho-ke izindawo zemifula emifula, zidlulisela kuzo, amanzi angcolile athinta izindawo ezisogwini kanye nokusetshenziswa kwezivakashi kwedolobha futhi abangele izingozi ezingase zibe khona zokutheleleka ngezifo kulabo abadla lawa.
Lokhu kuphathwa kabi kwamanzi angcolile eCosta Rica kuye kwadala inkinga yekhwalithi yezempilo nemvelo, ngenxa yephunga elibi emanzini. Lokhu kuholela ekuveleni kwezifo zengqondo ezingaba khona njengokucindezeleka kanye nokwanda okungenzeka kwezilwane ezifana namagundane nezinambuzane ezisakaza izifo.
Konke lokhu kuphambene nesithombe sokuthi iCosta Rica iphrojekthi "njengezwe eliluhlaza" futhi, nokho, ukuphathwa kwamanzi ayo angcolile nokuphathwa kwemifula kukude nalesi sigaba. Ngenxa yalokhu, uhlelo oluphelele lokulawulwa kwamanzi angcolile lwezwe laseMelika Ephakathi luseqhulwini, oluhambisana nohlelo lokushintsha umnotho oyindilinga, okuzoholela ekuncishisweni kokulahlwa kwemfucuza kanye nemfundo yezakhamizi ezithi ngokuguqula bazoba ngabokuqala ukuzibandakanya ekufuneni ukuthi uhlelo lwabo lokuhlanza amanzi angcolile lusebenze.
Ngiyakumema ukuthi uqhubeke nokwazi izimangaliso zemvelo nokuthi ungazinakekela kanjani, ngokufunda lokhu okuthunyelwe okulandelayo: