Njengoba isikhathi sihamba, ukubaluleka kokulondoloza indawo ezungezile ekungcoleni kuyavezwa. Okuningi okufanele kwenziwe ukuze kuqinisekiswe izizukulwane ezizayo ukuthi zingaba nefa emhlabeni wethu, okugqamisa ikakhulukazi ukungcoliswa komhlaba okushintshe kakhulu isimo semvelo semvelo, kwaletha imiphumela emikhulu emhlabeni, masazise. Izimbangela Nemiphumela Ehlukene Yokungcoliswa Komhlaba kanye Nezixazululo.
Ukungcoliswa komhlabathi
Namuhla impilo yeplanethi iphathwa ngonya ngenxa yemiphumela edalwe ukungcoliswa kwemvelo, igqama njengokumelela noma ukufakwa kwezinto endaweni enethonya elibi endaweni ezungezile nezimo zokuphila, kanye nempilo noma inhlanzeko yemvelo. izinto eziphilayo ezithinta ngqo imvelo.
Ukungcoliswa kwemvelo yisethulo sezinto noma ezinye izingxenye ezibonakalayo ezisemkhathini, okuholela ekutheni le ndawo ingaphephile, ilungele noma ifanele ukusetshenziswa.Indawo noma indawo ingaba i-ecosystem, indawo ebonakalayo noma umuntu ophilayo. I-ejenti engcolisayo ingaba isakhi samakhemikhali noma amandla. Kule nqubo yokungcola, ingavezwa ngezinhlobo ezahlukene ezifana: umkhathi, amanzi, inhlabathi, i-acoustic, ukukhanya, okubonakalayo kanye ne-thermal.
Ukungcoliswa komhlabathi ukuguqulwa kwendawo yomhlaba okubangelwa ukuba khona kwezinto ezingcolisa uketshezi eziqinile noma eziwuketshezi, okwakha ukuwohloka okuvamile kwendawo noma ukuguga komsebenzi wawo owodwa noma eminingi. Uma iphesenti eliphezulu lezakhi zamakhemikhali ezinobuthi noma eziyingozi ku-substrate litholakala endaweni esemhlabeni, le ndawo iyawohloka kuze kube yilapho kuvela ukukhishwa okuyingozi okuyingozi kuyo yonke le ndawo ngisho nasezinhlelweni zemvelo ezingomakhelwane.
Izimbangela Zokungcoliswa Kwenhlabathi
Umhlabathi uyingxenye ebalulekile yendawo lapho ukuphila kupheleliswa khona. Lapho kubonakala khona ukuthi intekenteke kakhulu futhi ayinamathuba amancane okuyibuyisela ekungcoleni. Ukunwetshwa kwayo kunqunyelwe lokho okungena esigabeni sensiza engavuseleleki. Ukungayisebenzisi kahle kungabangela ukulahlekelwa okungenakukwazi ukubuyiswa iminyaka.
Ukusetshenziswa kwayo kuhlukene kodwa ngokwezinjongo zemvelo; lapho ingaqanjwa khona ngezolimo, izimfunda nezintaba, imfuyo, isizinda sezinto ezingaphili, impahla eluhlaza ukuze kwakhiwe, ukusekelwa kokwakhiwa, ukuhlukaniswa kwezinsalela, ezokuzijabulisa nokuzilibazisa. Umhlabathi ongcolile unamanzi angcolile futhi lokhu kukhiqiza inhlabathi evundile, isomiso, amanzi angafanelekile ukusetshenziswa kanye nezinkinga eziningi. Izizathu zalokhu kungcola ngokuyisisekelo ziyimisebenzi yabantu kanye nezingozi ezihlukene.
Izimbangela ezibaluleke kakhulu zokungcoliswa kwenhlabathi amapulasitiki alahlwa ngaphandle kwezinyathelo noma ukulawulwa, ukulahlwa ngokungaqondile kwento ephilayo etholakala ekuhlanzweni noma emisebenzini yezolimo, imikhiqizo evela ku-petroleum, ukufakwa kwezibulala-zinambuzane ezifana nezibulala-zinambuzane, ama-herbicides, ama-fungicides; ngaphandle kokucabangela imiyalelo yokuphepha noma izinto ezicwebezelayo ezitholakala ekuhlolweni kwenuzi noma izisekelo zezimboni ze-agrochemical ezingcolisa inhlabathi yemvelo noma ehlanganisiwe.
Ngendlela efanayo, izimbobo eziyimpumputhe zibangela ukungcola emhlabathini; amanzi ampunga kanye ne-sewage distillations; ukuqoqwa kwemfucuza kanye nodoti kuma-drain; ukuvuza kwe-radioactive; imililo yamahlathi; ukukhishwa kanye nokusetshenziswa kwamandla angavuseleleki; imvula ene-asidi, phakathi kwezinye izimbangela eziningi ezithonya iplanethi yethu.
Imiphumela Yokungcoliswa Kwenhlabathi
Lolu hlobo lokunukubezeka luyinkinga enkulu eMhlabeni ngoba imisebenzi eyahlukene yokuthuthukiswa nokugcinwa kwemiphakathi efana nezolimo, izimboni noma ukwakhiwa kwamadolobha kwenziwa phezu kwe-substrate. Kusukela ngesikhathi lapho impahla yomhlaba ingenelela khona, kukhiqizwa inkinga yokudla, okuholela endleleni yokuphila nasesikhathini esizayo seminyaka ezayo, njengoba izindawo noma iziza zokutshala izitshalo ukuze zihlinzekwe futhi zimbalwa ziyoba nokwenzeka. wokwakha amadolobha.
Eqinisweni, ukubonakala kokungcola emhlabathini kubonakala ngokushesha ezimbalini ezibangelwa ukuchithwa kwayo, ukuncipha kwezinhlobo ezikhona futhi ngendlela efanayo ekuqoqweni kokungcola ezitshalweni, ngaphandle kokudala umonakalo omkhulu. Kumuntu, imiphumela ilinganiselwe ekugwinyeni nasebudlelwaneni bangaphandle, lapho ngezinye izikhathi ihlangana khona noshevu wezinsimbi ezisindayo futhi kalula nje yizinhlanganisela zezinto eziphilayo ezinegesi noma eziguquguquka kancane. Phakathi kwemiphumela evelele yilena elandelayo:
- Ukuncipha kwemisoco emhlabathini.
- ama-substrates ayinyumba.
- I-flora ayichumi ngisho ngokwemvelo.
- Wonke ama-ecosystem asemhlabeni ancishisiwe.
- Ukuncipha kwezinhlobonhlobo zezinto eziphilayo.
- Ubunzima ekukhuleni izitshalo.
- Ama-substrates angafaneleki ukugcina imfuyo.
- Izitezi ezingaphephile.
- Ubunzima bokubeka isisekelo.
- Ukwanda kwezinhlekelele zemvelo.
- ukwehla kwendawo yemvelo.
- Ukulimala kwezigidigidi kwezomnotho emazweni athintekile.
Ukungcoliswa Komhlaba kanye Nezixazululo
Ukuvimbela kufanekisa isenzo nomphumela wokuvimbela. Kubhekiselwa ekukhulelweni okufunwa ngakho ukuvimbela, ngendlela ebonwe kusengaphambili, ingozi, isenzakalo esingesihle noma ingozi eyingozi. Thatha izinyathelo noma izibikezelo kusengaphambili ukuze ucindezele izehlakalo ezingalindelekile njengezifo, izingozi, izinsongo, ukuwohloka, phakathi kokunye.
Ushintsho olukhulu kuphethini yokukhiqiza noma ukushiywa ngaphandle kwezinqubo ezithile ezifana nokumbiwa kwezimayini, isenzo sezimboni esidala udoti oyingozi njengokusetshenziswa njalo komanyolo nomanyolo wokwenziwa akunakugwenywa. Kudingekile ukuhlanza indawo kuze kufike ku-circumscription elula yendawo ethintekile kanye nokuvinjelwa kokusetshenziswa kwayo kwemisebenzi ethile. Isibonelo, icala elibi kakhulu emhlabeni iFukushima, enye yezindawo ezingcoliswe kakhulu, izindawo zayo ezithintekile azifanele ukuphila.
Ezindaweni eziningi, ukuze bagweme lesi senzo sokungcolisa, basebenzisa izitshalo ezigaywe kabusha ukuze banciphise kokubili ukungcoliswa komhlabathi nomhlabathi, futhi kamuva namanzi agcina ewungcolisile. Ukuqaliswa kokulungiswa kwebhayoloji okuhlanganisa inqubo ye-biotechnological elawula amagciwane, isikhunta, izitshalo noma i-catalyst ethathwe kuzo ukuze kuhlengwe indawo eguquliwe ukungcola ukuze ibe esimweni sayo semvelo.
Kuncike ohlotsheni lokunukubezeka ofuna ukulwa nalo, i-ejenti eyodwa noma enye ye-bioremedial izosetshenziswa. Ukugxila kwawo kubanzi, okunemiphumela elindelekile kuma-substrates angcoliswe imisebe noma izenzo zokumba.
Elinye iphuzu okufanele ligqanyiswe ukugaywa kabusha okufanele kokulahlwa kukadoti nokulahlwa kwemfucuza, ukugqugquzelwa kwamandla abuyiselekayo kanye nemfucuza ezingeni lokukhiqiza nelasekhaya noma isenzo sokutshala kwemvelo kungasiza ekulondolozeni ama-substrates angangcoli. Gcina indle yendle isesimweni esihle futhi ulungise ukuhlanzwa kwamanzi ampunga noma asele, kanye nendlela yokukhiqiza imfucuza ehlakazekile ebuyiselwa emvelweni.
Izinto ezihlobene nama-3Rs we-ecology zingacatshangelwa lapho kugcinwa umhlabathi ekungcoleni:
Uhlamvu lokuqala u-R umele elithi Nciphisa; we-ecology futhi siqale ngokunciphisa inani lezakhi nezimpahla esizichithayo, umuntu kufanele athathe umthwalo wemfanelo futhi adle kuphela lokho akudingayo ngempela ukuze angamoshi ngoba udoti futhi uhlala ungcolile futhi unciphise ukuwohloka kweplanethi Ukonga kumele kuqale ngokunciphisa futhi ukonga ngamandla, izinto zokwakha, ukudla neminye imikhiqizo. Njengohlamvu lwesibili u-R, Sebenzisa Kabusha; kuyaphawuleka ukuthi zonke izithakazelo esinazo zisisebenzisa ngokugcwele ngangokunokwenzeka, sandise ukuphila kwaso futhi sizuze kakhulu. Lokhu kunciphisa kakhulu ukumoshwa nokumoshwa kwezinsiza.
Uhlamvu lwesithathu R Recycle: khumbula ukuthi izinto ezisetshenziswayo kufanele zigaywe kabusha lapho zingasakwazi ukuphinda zisetshenziswe. Ngale ndlela bazoshintshana ezindaweni ezithile ezigaywe kabusha futhi le nto izobuyela esimweni sayo esikhulu ukuze ibuyele ukuze ikhiqize omunye umkhiqizo ohlukile, ozonikezwa okunye ukusetshenziswa.
Iphuzu elibalulekile libhekwa njengokumisa ukugawulwa kwamahlathi, ukuqinisekisa ukuthi izihlahla zigawulwa kuphela lapho kudingeka futhi hhayi ukugawulwa kwamahlathi ukuze nje kuzuze ukuncintisana okukhulu ezimpahleni zezimakethe ezigcwele ngokuphelele. Kuyisizathu sokuthi izindawo eziningi zeplanethi zigawulwa amahlathi ngenxa nje yokuthengisa ngaphandle kokubheka umonakalo owenziwe yimvelo futhi kulokhu kwenzeka emhlabathini.
Kungakho kudingekile ukukwazi ukugxumeka izihlahla kanye nazo zonke izinhlobo zezitshalo ukuze ubhekane nokungcoliswa komhlabathi ngoba, ngaphandle kokuthi isitshalo sigcina ama-substrates, siphinde silondoloze ibhalansi yemvelo yemvelo. Ngokutshalwa kwezitshalo, umoya uzuza ngendlela efanayo ngoba usiza ukuyihlanza nokuyihlanza ukuze kuvinjwe ukucekelwa phansi kwemvelo kanye nethuba lokululama kwayo. Kunconywa ukuthi kube nezingadi namasimu ezithelo, njengoba kudingekile ukukhuthaza ukutshala noma ukuba nezindawo eziluhlaza ngaphakathi nangaphandle kwezindawo.
Kudingekile ukukhumbula ukugwema amanzi angcolile, lapho ukuchelela izitshalo, izingadi, izingadi, kufanele kube namanzi ahlanzekile ukugwema ukuchitheka kokungcolisa phansi. Uma kungamanzi aqoqwe emvuleni, kubalulekile ukuqinisekisa ukuthi akuwona amanzi emvula ane-asidi futhi kuncane kakhulu ukusebenzisa amanzi ngemva kokuhlanza ikhaya ngoba aqukethe imikhiqizo yamakhemikhali noma insipho.
Lapho izindawo zingcolile, kufanele kunikezwe usizo lokubulala amagciwane endaweni, ukumisa umsuka walokho kungcola; Uma i-substrate inephesenti eliphezulu lokungcola, ngendlela efanayo, umhlaba kufanele usizwe ngokwenza izivumelwano zokukhipha ukungcola.
Amasu Okubuyisela Inhlabathi Engcolisiwe
Izindlela ezisetshenziswa kakhulu zokubuyisela inhlabathi engcolile yilezo ezigxilwe ngendlela evamile, noma kunjalo, noma yiziphi zazo zisesigabeni esisebenzayo. Lezi zindlela ziklanyelwe kusengaphambili ukuqoqwa noma ukucekelwa phansi kwezinto ezingcolisayo eziphazamisa inhlanganisela yamakhemikhali ngokusebenzisa izindlela zamakhemikhali, ezishisayo noma zebhayoloji ngokuphelele.
Naphezu kwalokho, lokhu kuyindlela efanayo, into eguqukayo ngokuphathelene nezinhloso ezibekiwe kanye nobunzima bomhlaba ongcolile. Ngale ndlela, ngokusekelwe kulezi zinyathelo, sihlukanisa amasu alandelayo:
Amasu Okuqukethwe
Lezi zindlela zokuvikela zihloselwe ukuzungeza ukungcola okwenziwe kanye namaminerali ngokusebenzisa ama-quagmires abonakalayo, njengesibonelo, ukuvala noma ukucindezelwa okuqondile kokungcola. Lezi zindlela zibiza izindleko eziphansi futhi, ngisho noma zivaliwe, azidingi izimbobo, kodwa kufanele zihlolwe nsuku zonke.
Amasu Okuvalelwa
Mayelana nendlela yokuvalelwa, inhloso ukunciphisa ukudlidliza kwama-ejenti angcolisayo ngezinqubo ezahlukene zomzimba nezamakhemikhali.
Izindlela Zokuthuthwa Kwendle noma Zokuqeda Ukungcola
Ngokuphathelene nezindlela zokuthuthwa kwendle noma zokuqeda ukungcola, ziwubuchwepheshe obuhloselwe ukwehlisa ukugcwala kwama-ejenti angcolisayo ahlala ndawonye ku-substrate. Ngakho-ke, kuyadingeka ukusebenzisa amasu, izindlela kanye namasu ahlukene ukuze ukwazi ukuvikela nokufeza ukususwa kokungcola kwama-substrates futhi ngaleyo ndlela kuqinisekiswe ukuphila emhlabeni.
Izincomo Zokugwema Ukungcoliswa Kwenhlabathi
Kuyadingeka ukugcizelela ukuthi kubaluleke kakhulu ukugqamisa ezinye izincomo ngaphambi kokufinyelela ukungcoliswa kwenhlabathi futhi kungadingeki ukuthikameze indawo ezungezile futhi uguqule inkambo yemvelo, eziqokonyiswe ngezansi:
- Gwema ukushisa udoti noma ukungcola phansi futhi ngenxa yesizathu esifanayo akufanele usebenzise amarokhethi neziqhumane.
- Izimoto noma izithuthuthu kufanele zigcinwe zisesimweni esihle ukuzama ukunciphisa ukungcoliswa komhlabathi. Ukunakekelwa kufanele kuthathwe ngokusetshenziswa kwalezi zindlela zokuthutha, uma kwenzeka ukusetshenziswa kwebhayisikili, kunconywa kakhulu.
- Gwema ukulahla udoti kanye nemfucuza phansi, ngokucophelela okukhulu lapho ulahla ingilazi noma izinqamu zikagwayi ezingase zibangele umlilo.
- Gwema ukubhema noma unciphise ukusetshenziswa kukagwayi noma ugwayi. Endabeni yokungakwazi ukukwenza, njengoba iningi lezakhamuzi zeplanethi engumhlaba liyibulala ngokujwayelekile futhi lixosha intuthu engcolisayo, izinqe ziyizinto ezingcolisa kakhulu umhlabathi. Ngoba izinqe zinezinto noma izakhi eziphuma emafutheni, phakathi kokunye, futhi ziyizici ezibangela umlilo.
- Yehlisa ukusetshenziswa kwemikhiqizo yokuhlanza yasendlini enemvelaphi yamakhemikhali ngokuphelele, ethambile emvelweni. Kunenani elikhulu lemikhiqizo yemvelo enamakhemikhali emvelo futhi angenabo ubuthi angalimazi indawo ezungezile kodwa futhi ayasebenza ekuhlanzeni nasekuhlambululeni. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, ukusebenzisa awemvelo kungazuzisa amanzi asetshenziselwa ukuhlanza ukunisela.
- Sebenzisa iziqukathi ukuze zigaywe kabusha, kodwa uma ungazi ukuthi yisiphi isiqukathi esigaywa kabusha, sijikijele endaweni ehlanzekile noma endaweni eluhlaza. Ngale ndlela uyabavimbela ukuba bagcine sebesendaweni yokulahla imfucumfucu engcolisa inhlabathi.
- Kufanele uqaphele futhi ukhumbule ukuhlela kabusha indle
Ukubaluleka Kokungcoliswa Komhlaba
Ukungcoliswa komhlabathi inqubo noma iqoqo lemiyalelo elandelwayo ukuze kutakulwe indawo endaweni engaphansi engcolile (umhlabathi kanye namanzi angaphansi komhlaba ahlobene). Ngesikhathi esifanayo, ukuqedwa kobuchwepheshe obubili noma ngaphezulu kuyadingeka ukuqeda inhlabathi. Inqubo yomhlaba ingenye yezinto zangaphandle ezibalulekile zobuntu futhi lapho inhlabathi engcolile ingasangcoliswa noma iyinkinga yephesenti eliphansi lendawo ezungezile.
Uma ama-substrates angcolile ehlolwa ngendlela eqhubekayo, amafomu noma izindlela zokuthi alulame ziyabonakala. Ngalesi sikhathi, ubuchwepheshe busetshenziswa futhi kucatshangelwa izichibiyelo zabo kanye nokudluliselwa kwenhlabathi ezindaweni zokulahla imfucumfucu noma i-encapsulation. Ezinye izindlela, ukuze kube lula ukungcoliswa kwenhlabathi, ukugodola kukasimende, umcako kanye nezinsalela ze-thermoplastic noma i-vitrification, ukugoba inhlabathi emazingeni aphezulu okushisa ukuze kuguqule ukungcola kube ingilazi.
Kulokhu, ukukhetha okunemiphumela emincane yezemvelo futhi eqinisekisa ukutholwa kwe-substrate kufanele kukhethwe. Izinqubo okuvunyelwene ngazo namuhla ngentuthuko enkulu yilezo ezishiya inhlabathi inezici ezifanayo nalezo eyayinazo ngaphambi kokuba zibole. Ngakho-ke, kuyimpoqo ukuqaphela izici zomhlabathi kanye nohlobo lukashevu oluwungcolisayo.
Ukuze ukwazi ukwenza ngokuvumelana nomonakalo othile futhi ungachithi isikhathi. Kufanele sikhumbule ukuthi ukuphila kweplanethi kuncike kumuntu ngamunye wabantu abahlala kuyo futhi kuyadingeka ukubhala nokulungiselela noma yiziphi izimo. Ngeke sikhohlwe ukuthi sincike enqubweni yemvelo, futhi inhlabathi iyisici esibalulekile ngaphambi kwemvelo. Hlwanyela izitshalo zakho bese ulungisa i-substrate engcono kakhulu ukuze izinto ezingcolisayo noma ama-ejenti angangeni futhi alimaze lokho okulungiselelwe ngokunikela.
Sithemba ukuthi le ndatshana ibe wusizo, sikushiyela abanye ozokuthakasela ngokuqinisekile:
Izinzuzo kanye Nebubi bamandla omoya