Eplanethini kunezici ezihlukahlukene ezithonya ukuthuthukiswa kokuphila, phakathi kwazo singagqamisa izinhlobonhlobo zezinhlobo eziphilayo ezicebisa imvelo ehlukene. Ngenxa yezinguquko ezibangelwa umuntu, ukulahlekelwa kwalezi zinhlobo zezilwane eziyigugu kuye kwashukunyiswa, ngakho-ke masazise Imiphumela Yokulahlekelwa Kwezinhlobonhlobo Zezinto Eziphilayo echazwe esihlokweni esilandelayo.
Iyini I-Biodiversity?
I-Biodiversity iyinhlobonhlobo zonke izidalwa eziphilayo ezinayo ngaphakathi kweplanethi engumhlaba, ibhekisela ezintweni eziphilayo ezihlukene ezinesibopho sokuqamba i-ecosystem, ingafaki noma yiluphi uhlobo lwezinhlobo ezikhona emathafeni, emahlathini, emahlathini, emanzini amasha nosawoti. amanzi, phakathi kwabanye.
Kubhekiselwa ezinhlobonhlobo ezinkulu zezidalwa eziphilayo ezitholakala emhlabeni, ezinesibopho sokuhlinzeka ngesethi yamaphethini emvelo aguqukile ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, ngakho abhekwa njengomphumela wezinkulungwane zeminyaka zokuziphendukela kwemvelo. ithonya kuyo yonke imisebenzi eyenziwa umuntu.
I-Biodiversity inesibopho sokuhlanganisa imvelo ehlukahlukene kanye nokunikeza izinhlobonhlobo eziningi zezakhi zofuzo okwathi ngokuhamba kwesikhathi zahlanganiswa futhi zakhiqiza izimpilo nezinhlobo eziningi ezihlukahlukene, okubhekwa njengokusekela ukuphila emhlabeni, okugqama ekufinyeleleni ukuxhumana nezakhi ezihlukahlukene. njengamanzi, inhlabathi nomoya owuzungezile futhi onomthelela ekuziphendukeleni kwawo ngokwehlukana kwawo.
Lokhu kwehlukahlukana kugqama njengento ebaluleke kakhulu ngoba inenani elingaphakathi elingakhiqiza izinhlobonhlobo zezinsizakalo nezimpahla ezidingeka kakhulu kubo bonke abantu kanye nokuphila kwabo okuqhubekayo lapho bengazuza khona emanzini, izinto zokusetshenziswa ezinikeziwe , imithombo yemvelo, phakathi kokunye; enomthelela omkhulu ekuziphendukeleni kwemvelo nasekukhuleni kwemiphakathi yasemakhaya.
Izimbangela Zokulahleka Kwezinto Ezinhlobonhlobo
Izinhlobonhlobo zezinto eziphilayo ezikhona njengamanje emhlabeni zihambisana nokuvela kwemvelo cishe yeminyaka eyizigidi eziyizinkulungwane ezine, emele uphawu olukhulu lokuziphendukela kwemvelo kanye nokulondolozwa kwezinhlobo zezinto eziphilayo emhlabeni, ezinenani elivelele kakhulu ngoba zimelela umphumela wokuvela kwezinto zakudala futhi ziyisici. lobukhona bempilo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, banomthwalo wemfanelo wokunikeza inhlalakahle ezinhlelweni ezihlukene zemvelo, ezakhiwe ngezinto ezihlukahlukene ezikhiqiza ukuphila nokulinganisela.
Ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, kuye kwaqashelwa ukulahlekelwa okuqhubekayo kwezinhlobonhlobo zezinto eziphilayo, okubonisa inkinga enkulu kuwo wonke umhlaba wethu; okungenye yezinto eziyinhloko ukusetshenziswa ngokweqile nokuthuthukayo komuntu, kwezakhi ezihlukahlukene zemvelo, lapho enye yezinto zayo eziyinhloko kuwukukhuphula izinga lokuphila lalabo abayingxenye yamadolobha kanye nesimiso somuntu sikhohlwa imvelo yokuphila kanye nemvelo. ukuthuthukiswa kwezinhlobo zezilwane.
Ukwanda okuqhubekayo kwamadolobha nezizinda eziqhubekayo zomuntu kuye kwabangela ukushabalala kwesimiso sezinto eziphilayo zasemhlabeni kanye nakho konke ukuhlukahluka kwemvelo okukhona futhi okuyingxenye yako. Njengoba kulinganiselwa ngokulahlekelwa cishe kwezinhlobo ezingu-47.000, ezimelela cishe u-36% wokushabalala kwezinhlobo zezinto eziphilayo, kuphawulwa ukuthi izibalo zihlanganisa ngisho nezindawo zemvelo zasemanzini, lokhu kulahlekelwa kwezinhlobonhlobo zezinto eziphilayo kungathonywa yizici ezilandelayo okufanele zigqanyiswe:
Ukuxhashazwa ngokweqile Kwemvelo
Umuntu uye wabonakala ngokuziphendukela kwemvelo okuqhubekayo komphakathi ngezinzuzo azithola emvelweni, ezibangele ukukhula nokuthuthuka komphakathi ngezikhathi ezahlukene kanye nempilo eyaziwayo okwamanje. Ukugqamisa ukuxhashazwa okuqhubekayo kwazo zonke izinsiza.
Ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, ukuxhashazwa ngokwedlulele kwezindawo zemvelo kuye kwagqanyiswa, obekungendlela engalawuleki kakhulu yazo zonke izisetshenziswa zemvelo ezingaba nomthelela omubi kuma-ecosystem ahlukene, kube nezinga eliphezulu lokumbiwa kwezinsiza. ukubuyisela akuhlonishwa uma insiza isivele iyaxhashazwa futhi.
Kulokhu, kugqanyiswa ukuthi zonke izinsiza zingatholwa yilabo bantu abafanayo abahlala ku-ecosystem ehlolwayo, uhlelo lokukhipha izinto lube lukhulu futhi lunwebe kakhulu kunalezo ezikwazi ukuzala, konke lokhu kungaba nomthelela othile inani labantu liyancipha, okubonisa ukuthi izinhlobo eziningi ezixhashazwayo njengezinyamazane, izinhlanzi nemikhomo.
Phakathi kwemisebenzi emikhulu eholela ekuxhashazweni ngokweqile yileyo efana nokuzingela, ukudoba, ukuhweba ngokungemthetho, ukugawulwa kwezihlahla ngokweqile kanye nezolimo, ukwenziwa ngokwengxenye enkulu kubangela ukusetshenziswa kakhulu kwezinsiza futhi ngaphandle kokulinda Ukubuyiswa kwazo. Lapho umphumela omkhulu wokuxhashazwa ngokweqile kanye nokulawulwa okuncane kwemikhuba eyeqisayo kuyingozi yokushabalala kwezinhlobo eziningi zezilwane.
Ukulahlekelwa Indawo yokuhlala
Ngamunye walezi zinhlobo unezindawo zemvelo ezivumela ukuthi zibe nentuthuko eyanele ngokuvumelana nezimo ezifanele zomunye nomunye. Ukulahleka kwezinhlobonhlobo zezinto eziphilayo kubangela ukuba izinhlobo zezilwane zilahlekelwe indawo yazo yokuhlala noma indawo ezikhula kuyo, ngoba zivame ukushintsha futhi zizame ukuhlangabezana nazo zonke izidingo zabantu, lokhu kungabonakala emisebenzini efana nokugawulwa kwamahlathi, ukugeleza kwamaxhaphozi, ukuguqulwa kwamahlathi kanye nokusetshenziswa okuqhubekayo inhlabathi yezolimo.
Ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, iye yafuna izindlela zokushintsha izindawo zemvelo ngokuvumelana nezimo ezifisa ukuzithola, lezi zinguquko zingaholela eqinisweni lokuthi akufanele zikhiqizwe ngendlela ehlangene futhi lokhu kubangelwa izinguquko ezingaphelele ezinezinguquko. ngesakhiwo noma ukwakheka kwe-ecosystem, ngale ndlela ingathinta zonke izinhlobo zezilwane kanye nezinzuzo ezahlukene ezitholakala kuyo.
Izinguquko ezehlukene zemvelo lezi zindawo zemvelo ezibhekana nazo zingaholela ekwehlukaneni kwezindawo zokuhlala, kukhiqize umphumela omubi omkhulu owaziwa ngokuthi "umthelela onqenqemeni", okugqamisa lolu hlobo lwento evamise ukwenzeka kulezo zindawo lapho zikhona okungenani ezimbili ezihluke ngokuphelele. izinhlobo zezindawo zemvelo ezithathwa njengemiphakathi eyakhiwe ngendlela yokuthi ihlangane.
Ukucekelwa phansi okuqhubekayo noma ingxenye kwezindawo zokuhlala kungaba nomthelela omkhulu ezilwaneni eziphilayo, ngoba kugqugquzela ukulahlekelwa kwazo noma ukufuduka kwazo ukuze zifunele indawo engcono nezivumelana nezimo, lokhu kugqugquzela usongo olukhulu kuma-ecosystem akhona. ukunyakaza kanye nezingoma i-ecosystem enazo, okukhuthaza ukuguqulwa kwezinhlobo zezinto eziphilayo kanye nemithombo yemvelo ehlukene.
Ukungcola
Ukungcola kuyindaba okuxoxwa ngayo kakhulu futhi ecatshangelwayo ihambisana nokunqwabelana kwezinto ezihlukahlukene ezitholakala endaweni ezungezile futhi ngokuvamile kuthinta kabi indawo ezungezile nezimo ezihlukahlukene zokuphila, kuze kube yisici esiphawulekayo empilweni nasekuhlanzekeni kwabantu. Ngokuvamile ziyizinto zamakhemikhali ezingaba nomthelela ezinhlobonhlobo zezinto eziphilayo, ezithonya umoya, amanzi kanye nomhlabathi.
Phakathi kwezinye zezinto ezigqame kakhulu ezinomthelela emvelweni kukhona umanyolo nezibulala-zinambuzane, ngaphezu kokuqoqwa kwemikhiqizo ekhiqizwe ngaphambilini efana nepulasitiki noma nayo yonke leyo mfucumfucu yezolimo evela ezenzweni ezihlukene zezimboni nazo ezicutshungulwayo. ezolimo kanye nezasemadolobheni.
Ukwengeza, isethi yemisebenzi iyagqanyiswa ehlobene nokushiswa kwezinto zokubasa ezimbiwa phansi ezivame ukusetshenziselwa ukuthola ama-hydrocarbon asetshenziselwa ukuthuthukisa impilo yansuku zonke yomuntu. Konke lokhu kudale umthelela omkhulu kwezemvelo, okudala izinguquko ezifana nokuvela kwemvula ene-asidi, okudala izinguquko eziyingozi ku-ecosystem futhi kube nomthelela ezinhlelweni zokuzala kanye nezinhlelo zokudla zezinhlobo ezahlukene zezilwane.
Zonke izinto zamakhemikhali zingaba nomthelela omkhulu njengezingcolisi, zibe nomthelela omkhulu ezinhlobonhlobo zezinto eziphilayo zomhlaba, phakathi kwezinye zezinhlobo ezivelele zokungcola yilezi ezilandelayo:
Ukungcoliswa Komsindo
Ihambisana nomsindo owedlulele futhi ocasulayo ongakhiqizwa imikhuba ehlukahlukene yomuntu njengethrafikhi, izindiza, imikhumbi, phakathi kwabanye. Ngokuvamile, ukungcoliswa komsindo kungabangela izinhlobo zezilwane ukuba zibalekele endaweni ezungezile, ikakhulukazi lezo zinhlobo ezinekhono lokuzwa kahle (amalulwane, izikhova), ikakhulukazi okuyizinhlobo zezinyoni ezizwela kakhulu futhi ezinenkinga yokuxhumana zodwa. .
Ukungcola okuncane
Kuhambisana nokwethulwa kokukhanya okubangela ukuwohloka kwemvelo yemvelo, ukuphatha ukuba nomthelela ezinhlobonhlobo zezilwane, okubangela ukuphazamiseka kwezinye izinhlobo zezinyoni ezivame ukucula ebusuku ngenxa yomphumela wokukhanya okwenziwa njenge usuku olusha.
ukungcoliswa okushisayo
Konke lokhu kwenzeka lapho izinga lokushisa lemvelo lemvelo liguqulwa, libe yingozi futhi lingafunwa, lesi sikhathi sokungcola sithinta kakhulu izinhlelo ze-aquifer, okuthinta izinga lomoya-mpilo futhi kuthonywe ukwanda kwezinga lokushisa elibangela ukuncibilika kwamagesi emanzini. kuncipha. Lesi sici sinomthelela omkhulu ekuzaleni nasekukhuleni.
Ukwethulwa Kwezinhlobo Ezihlaselayo
Kunezinhlobo zezinhlobo ezihlaselayo futhi zikhiqize uhlobo oluthile loshintsho kuzo zonke izidalwa eziphilayo futhi ngaleyo ndlela zikwazi ukuhamba ezindaweni ezihlukahlukene zemvelo, konke lokhu kungase kubangele ukuthi zibe yizilwane ezihlaselayo ngenxa yokuthi zifika ziphazamise ukwakheka, ukwakheka kanye nesimo i-ecosystem inakho, ithonya izinqubo ezahlukene izinhlobo ezinazo.
Ukunyakaza kwalolu hlobo kuvamise ukuba ngokuzithandela, okubangela ukuba zibe izinhlobo ezihlaselayo.Ubunzima balesi sici ukuthi izinhlobo zezilwane ngokuvamile zithola ukuncintisana okuphelele kwezinye izinhlobo ezingaphakathi kwendawo yazo yemvelo; okubangela ukuba izinhlobo zemvelo zisuswe futhi kubangele ukufa nokushabalala kwazo, ngaphezu kwalezi zinhlobo ezifudukayo zingangcoliswa izifo futhi zilimaze impilo yendawo ezungezile neyomuntu.
Ukuguquka kwesimo sezulu
Ukuguquguquka kwesimo sezulu kuyisihloko okuxoxwa ngaso kakhulu namuhla ngenxa yomthelela omkhulu olimazayo emhlabeni wethu, lapho sinesibopho sokuhlanganisa isethi yezinguquko ezishintsha izimo zezulu zemvelo ngayinye emhlabeni. Uma kubhekwa ukuthi kuyisici esiyinhloko sokulahleka kwezinhlobonhlobo zezinto eziphilayo emhlabeni wethu.
Kulimaza kakhulu ukuphila kwazo zonke izinhlobo zezilwane futhi kuziphoqa ukuba zivumelane nezimo zezulu ezihlukahlukene ezinikezwayo, lokhu kugqugquzela ukugudluzwa kwezindawo zazo zemvelo, izinguquko ekuziphatheni kwazo kanye nokuguqulwa kofuzo isikhathi esihlanganisa izizukulwane ezahlukene. Ngenxa yezinguquko zesimo sezulu, kunokwanda okukhulu kwezinhlobo zezilwane ezisengozini, okuyisibonelo esihle samabhere asezindaweni ezishisayo abelokhu eshabalala njengoba indawo yawo ehlala kuyo iphazanyiswa ukuncibilika kwezinguzunga zeqhwa.
Imiphumela Yokulahleka Kwezinto Ezinhlobonhlobo
Ukulahlekelwa kwezinhlobo ezihlukahlukene zezinto eziphilayo kungaholela emiphumeleni emibi kakhulu futhi eqinile ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukuphila emhlabeni. Ukushabalala kwezinhlobo zezinto eziphilayo kungabangela imithelela ethile ku-ecosystem, zingasusa izinhlobo zezilwane ezinhlobonhlobo zokudla okubangela ukushabalala kwazo ngokuphelele, lokhu kungase kudale umphumela we-domino endaweni lapho kuthinteka khona izinhlobo zezinto eziphilayo kanye nezidalwa.
Esinye sezimo eziyinhloko zokuqothulwa kwezinhlobo zezilwane kugqama izinyosi, lapho zibhekwa njengenye yezinhlobo ezimbalwa kakhulu ezinomthwalo wemfanelo wokufeza impova futhi lapho ihambisana khona nesici esibalulekile sokuvela kokuphila emhlabeni, okukhiqiza isethi. yamaketango ancike kwelinye nakwamanye.
Ukungalingani okuhlukene okuyingxenye yamaketanga okudla kuhambisana nendlela yokudluliselwa kwezinto ezinomsoco kanye nezinto ezihlukahlukene eziphilayo ezizoba yingxenye yokuvela kwemvelo; Ngokushintsha lolu chungechunge lokudla, lungakwazi ukukhiqiza ukubonakala kwezinambuzane ezishintsha izinhlobo zezilwane futhi ziziqede, kudale ukucekelwa phansi kwezimo ezihlukene zezitshalo ezidala imiphumela ekuguquguqukeni kwesistimu.
Njengamanje alikho ikhambi lokuvimbela ukushabalala kwezinhlobo zezinto eziphilayo, lapho kungabhekwa khona ukuthi ukuphakelwa kwabantu kusengozini ngoba ukuphakelwa kwabantu kuyathinteka, okuhlanganisa impilo yabo, inhlalakahle nezinye izici. Ukugqamisa iqiniso lokuthi lokhu kushabalala akubonwa kuphela ezinhlotsheni zezilwane nezinhlobo zezitshalo.
Izinto ezinjengenhlabathi, amanzi nomoya zibaluleke kakhulu emthelela wokuhlukahluka kwemvelo emhlabeni. Ukugqamisa ukubaluleka kwendima eyisisekelo yomhlaba wezitshalo, onesibopho sokwenza izinqubo ezibalulekile ze-biochemical ukuze kuthuthukiswe impilo, ngaphezu kokuba yingxenye yokudla kwenani elikhulu lezinhlobo zezilwane. Ngokuqeda izinhlobo zezitshalo, ithonya ibhalansi yomoya emhlabeni, igqamisa ukubaluleka kokuyiqeda, ibhalansi ye-CO iyashintshwa.2 emkhathini, ukuze kube neqhaza kukho konke ukuguquka kwesimo sezulu okubangelwa ukwanda kwezinga lokushisa.
Futhi ukugqamisa ukubaluleka kokuthi inhlabathi etholakala emahlathini ijwayele ukwenza lula amanzi atholakala ngaphakathi kwawo futhi ivumele ukusefa ezinhlelweni ze-aquifer ezizovumela amanzi ukuba afanele ukusetshenziswa komuntu. Lolu hlobo lwenhlabathi lungaba lubalulekile ngoba luvimbela ukuba lungalahlekelwa umswakama, ngesikhathi lapho ihlathi elithile lingabangela ukuba inhlabathi iguguleke, ngoba ilahlekelwa isembozo esiyivikelayo futhi ibangele ukuba ilahlekelwe ukuvunda futhi ibangele izindawo ezomile.
Njengoba ibaluleke kakhulu izinhlobonhlobo zezinto eziphilayo, ibaluleke kakhulu kumuntu ngoba iphethe ukuhlinzeka ngenhlalakahle, intuthuko kanye nempilo edingekayo ukuze kuthuthukiswe impilo.
Izixazululo Zokulahlekelwa Kwezinto Ezihlukahlukene
Ukulahleka kwezinhlobonhlobo zezinto eziphilayo kunemiphumela emihle futhi kubaluleke kakhulu kulo lonke uhlelo lwethu. Okuvusa ukungabaza kubantu abaningi kanye nochwepheshe mayelana nendlela yokunakekela izinhlobonhlobo zezinto eziphilayo emhlabeni ukuze kube nokulahlekelwa okungabuyisa izindawo ezihlukahlukene emhlabeni. Lapho amazwe, ohulumeni nezikhungo ziba nemihlangano ukuze bathole izixazululo zokulahleka kwezinhlobonhlobo zezinto eziphilayo, kugqanyiswe ezinye izixazululo okufanele zigqanyiswe:
- Ungavuni noma yiluphi uhlobo lwesenzo esihilelekile ekuqothulweni kwezinhlobo, izilwane nezitshalo.
- Yehlisa ukusetshenziswa ngokweqile okudala umthelela ongemuhle endaweni ezungezile ezinhlobonhlobo zezilwane.
- Khuthaza izenzo ezingavikela ukuhlukahluka kwezinhlobo zezilwane, ngaphandle kwanoma yiluphi uhlobo lwenzuzo, ukuze kusekelwe izinhlobo ezishabalalayo.
- Kudingeka ukuqwashisa nokufundisa bonke abantu mayelana nomthelela wemvelo.
Sithemba ukuthi le ndatshana ibe wusizo, sikushiyela abanye ozokuthakasela ngokuqinisekile: