Sikulethela lonke ulwazi mayelana ne- i-condor yase-AndesUyafuna ukwazi ngale nyoni engavamile? Uma kunjalo, sikumema ukuthi uhlale nathi, kulokhu okuthunyelwe uzothola imininingwane, izici, i-morphology, ukudla okuvamile kanye nendawo yokuhlala ye-condor yase-Andean, ungaphuthelwa!
Ulwazi mayelana ne-condor
El i-condor yase-Andes imele inyoni enesici ngempela, inegama lesayensi elaziwa kangcono ngokuthi i-vultur gryphus, ngokuvamile lokhu kutholakala endaweni eseduze nezwekazi laseNingizimu Melika, kubhekwa njengenyoni enkulu kunazo zonke emhlabeni, egqama phakathi kwezinhlobonhlobo ezinkulu zezinyoni ezihlala emhlabeni ezinobukhulu obukhulu ngempela.
Ukhahlamba lwezintaba ze-Andes lumelela esinye sezikhala lapho kuhlala khona i-Andean condor, ngokwezici zayo, inombala ongavamile ukuhluka ngezibonelo ezahlukene, njengoba ihlale incike kumbala onezimpaphe ezimnyama, ubunjalo bayo busekelwe. , phezu komqhele wekhanda lakhe, ongenalo uhlobo noma isitayela sezimpaphe.
Ngeke sehluleke ukusho ukuthi le nyoni inamandla okushintsha umbala we-crest yayo, ngenxa yesenzo sezinto eziphilayo esivame ukwenzeka ngenxa yezinguquko ezihlukahlukene zemizwa ezenzeka esilwaneni. Kuyathakazelisa, akunjalo? Mayelana nobukhulu bayo, sizobe sikhuluma ngalolu hlobo lolwazi ezigabeni ezilandelayo.
Ngakolunye uhlangothi, kubalulekile ukugqamisa ukuthi i-condor ingenye yezinyoni ezinkulu ezifile. Ivamise ukudla njalo ezilwaneni ezisesimeni esithuthukile sokubola. Enye idatha efundisayo okufanele uyazi ukuthi i-condor ayinaso isitayela sokukhiqiza esiphumelele ngokuphelele, lesi senzo siyayivela kancane.
Ngenxa yalokhu, abesifazane balaba Izinhlobo zezinyoni, bavame ukuhlala isidleke okungenani kanye njalo eminyakeni emi-2 cishe, kuwuhlobo lwenyoni engomakadebona, njengoba ikwazi ukufinyelela okungenani iminyaka ephilwayo yeminyaka engu-80 ngisho nangokuzithoba, okungukuthi, ukuthunjwa.
I-condor ingatholakala kalula eduze kwamahlathi ageza iMelika, kucatshangelwa ukuthi lawa amelwe izinhlobo ezahlukene zamahlathi, ane Isimo sezulu esishisayo ukwamukela ngempela, hhayi ezinyoni kuphela, kodwa izinhlobo ezahlukene ezenza ukuphila ngaphakathi kwalezi zimiso zemvelo.
Lawa ma-ecosystem ahlinzeka i-condor ngendawo yokuhlala enethezeke ngokwedlulele njengoba ekwazi ukusebenza kalula, ngesikhathi esifanayo lapho engathola khona izinsiza ezidingekayo ukuze aphile futhi aphile ngokugcwele kulezi zindawo. Phakathi kwamazwe avame ukulinda lolu hlobo lwenyoni, sithola:
- Venezuela
- Colombia
- Ecuador
- Peru
- Chile
- Bolivia
- Argentina
Lawa amanye amazwe angatholakala kuwo i-condor yase-Andes, lapho ungakwazi futhi ukuqonda uphawu oluthile nokubaluleka kwesibalo salesi silwane. Ngisho nokuba yingxenye yamagugu amasiko kwezinye izifunda, ikakhulukazi i-Ecuador.
Ngenxa yalokhu, i-condor yase-Andean ithathe ukubaluleka okukhulu emlandweni wamazwe amaningi alawa mazwe, ikakhulukazi ngenxa yobukhosi obuyichazayo, obuvumela ukuthi imele ngisho nezimpawu zezwe zamazwe athile njengezwe lase-Ecuadorian, ithathe umfanekiso wecondor ukuze ilihumushele kuyijazi layo lesizwe.
Ngisho nasezingeni laseMelika, kubhekwa njengefa langempela endaweni yemvelo ngisho nasezingeni lamasiko. Kodwa-ke, lesi silwane ezicini eziningi sisezingeni eliqhubekayo lokusongela, lokhu ngenxa yokuzingela, baze badakwe ngamazinga athile, abanye banebhadi lokuboshwa.
Izici ze-Andean condor
I-condor inezici eziningi ezithakazelisa ngempela eziyenza igqame kakhulu futhi ibe yinhle ngokwendlela yokuma kwayo nokuma kwayo, ngezansi sizokwethula ezinye zezici zayo ezifanele kakhulu:
Ezentela
I-taxonomy yale nyoni imangalisa kakhulu njengoba sesishilo, kodwa yini ephawulekayo futhi engavamile ngayo? Nokho, ziningi izici le nyoni enazo ezikhanga kakhulu emehlweni omuntu. Esinye sazo uqhwaku lwaso olungavamile, okungenani olungamasentimitha angu-13 ubude, olusebenzisela ukondla, ludwengula inyamazane yalo.
Esinye sezici zayo ezihlukile izimpaphe zayo, njengoba inezimpaphe ezinkulu, ngokuvamile ezimnyama ngombala, ngaphezu kokuba nezingxenye ezithile zomzimba wayo ezinezimpaphe ezimhlophe. Isifuba sakhe, isibonelo, siyingxenye ye-taxonomy eyinkimbinkimbi ngempela.
Descripción
Njengoba sesishilo ezigabeni ezedlule, i-condor yase-Andean imelela enye yezinyoni ezinkulu kunazo zonke emhlabeni, kunenyoni eyodwa kuphela engakwazi ukuyidlula ngokwesisindo, kodwa lokhu akusho ukuthi i-condor idlula imizuzwana embalwa. isicaba. Lokhu kunobude obuningi, obuzungezayo, cishe amasentimitha angama-350 ukuphakama, nesisindo esingamakhilogremu angu-16.
Ezingxenyeni zabo, izinsikazi zalolu hlobo lwezinyoni zivame ukuba zincane kancane kokubili ngesisindo nokuphakama. Iningi lazo linamakhilogremu angaba ngu-10, kufanele kuqashelwe ukuthi lihlanganyela isici sekhanda elingenalutho njengabesilisa. Lo mkhuba uvame ukudonsela ukunaka okukhulu kumuntu, okuye kwenziwa izifundo ezimbalwa mayelana nalolu hlobo.
Ngokuvamile, le ngxenye ye-condor ijwayele ukushintsha umbala wayo, nakuba isikhathi esiningi ihlala ibomvu, kuphela lapho isilwane sishintsha ngokomzwelo sivame ukushintsha umbala, ngisho nokuthatha umbala obala kakhulu. Ngokuqondene namaphiko azo, lezi zinde impela, ziyithuluzi eliphelele elizivumela ukuthi zikwazi ukundiza ngokushesha futhi ngokushesha, kanye nokuzisiza ukuba zishibilike futhi zibambelele phezulu.
Ngakolunye uhlangothi, imilenze inokuguquguquka okukhulu nokuzivumelanisa nezimo, inohlobo lwezinselo, ezivumela ukuba zenze imisebenzi ehlukene ngokuphathelene nokuzingela, ngoba ngalezi nyoni ikwazi ukubamba inyamazane ngokuphepha okuphelele. Mayelana nobulili bakhe, yena i-condor yase-Andes ijwayele ukuqala ukuya ocansini cishe eminyakeni eyi-9.
Kumele kuqashelwe ukuthi iningi labesilisa balolu hlobo, ikakhulukazi abesilisa, bavame ukuba ne-crest eshintsha ukuma kwayo ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, ikhulise ubukhulu bayo. Endabeni yamehlo azo, lezi zivame ukubonakala ngaphansi kwe-hue ensundu ekhanyayo, njengoba kwabesifazane, abanalo i-crest ejabulisayo, futhi amehlo abo anomunye umbala okhomba ithoni ebomvu.
Ucwaningo oluhlukahlukene luqinisekisile ukuthi i-condor yase-Andes Ingafinyelela ukuphakama okukhulu lapho isilungele ukundiza, futhi njengezinyoni eziningi ezindizayo, inezindlela ezihlukahlukene zokundiza, ezuzwa kakhulu ngenxa yokwakheka kwamaphiko ayo, njengoba ithanda izici ezithile zemvelo njenge umoya, omsizayo ukuthi aziqhubele phezulu ngobunono obuphelele.
Iqiniso elithakazelisa kakhulu ngale nyoni emangalisayo ukuthi ingandiza isikhathi esithile, ngaphandle kwesidingo sokubhakuzisa amaphiko ayo amakhulu. Ikhwalithi ethakazelisa ngempela. Ngaphezu kwalokhu, isilwane asidli amandla amakhulu.
Ngenxa yokumangalisa kwezimpaphe zaso, lesi silwane asihlushwa izinguquko ezihlukahlukene zesimo sezulu ezenzeka emvelweni, ngoba zisivikela ngendlela egculisayo emakhazeni avela endaweni ezungezile. Kufanele futhi wazi ukuthi i-condor ayinawo amandla okukhipha noma yiluphi uhlobo lomsindo, njengoba ingxenye yesistimu yayo yezwi i-atrophied.
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=lVENj7D7bAA
Ukudla
Ukondla kwalezi zilwane kuwukugcina isikhathi ngempela, njengoba ukudla kwazo kusekelwe ezilwaneni noma emizimbeni esesimeni esithuthukisiwe sokubola, ngokusobala, hhayi ngaso sonke isikhathi lapho zithola umzimba onezici ezifanayo. Lena inyoni eshesha kakhulu, ehlale yazi ukuthi ikuphi inyamazane yayo, njengoba inomuzwa okhuthele ngempela wokuhogela, ongaphezu kwanoma yimuphi umuntu.
Ngokuvamile, lezi zihlala zisebenza futhi ziqaphile kunoma iyiphi imfucuza ye-carrion ezingayithola kunoma iyiphi indawo. Kubo akukho mingcele, ngoba uma sebeyitholile inyamazane sebekulungele ukuyinambitha ngobumnandi obuphelele.
Ngokuvamile, kuthiwa lezi zinyoni zaziklanyelwe kuphela ukucubungula lolu hlobo lwento. Ngakho-ke, uhlelo lwayo lokugaya lunezici ezidingekayo zokudiliza ukudla okufakiwe, okungukuthi, i-carrion edlayo. I-Andean condor ijwayele ukudla okungenani amakhilogremu angu-6 noma cishe amakhilogremu enyama. Njengoba nje kungathatha amasonto ayisi-6 ngaphandle kokuphakela, lokhu kwenzeka lapho kungenakudla ngokushesha. Ngenxa yalesi sizathu kubhekwa njengenye yezinhlobo ze Izinyoni ezifunayo.
Indawo yokuhlala yase-Andean condor
Isikhala lapho ama-condor ngokuvamile evame ukuhlala khona njalo akuwona umbuzo abaningi abahlose ukuwazi, nokho-ke, imibhalo emihle mayelana naleli qiniso kuwukwaziswa okungafanele sikushaye indiva.
Ngokuvamile i-condor ijwayele ukuphumula ezindaweni eziphakeme kakhulu, ezibizwa ngokuthi amawa. Lapho bethola khona induduzo eyanele yokuphumula nokuhlala. Lezi zindawo zize zibanike isivikelo esikhulu ngezikhathi zemvula, kuze kwafakazelwa ukuthi zivikelwe nangezinye izinhlobo zezilwane ezingaba izilwane ezidla lolu hlobo.
Eziningi zalezi zidleke ziyindlala kwezinye izimo, ngakho izinyoni ezimbalwa zalolu hlobo zivame ukuqhudelana ngezindawo, ikakhulukazi lezo ezinikezwa ukukhanya kwelanga okukhulu. Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi lezi zinyoni azinayo indawo yokuphumula eqondile, njengoba zihlale zifuduka zisuka kwenye indawo ziye kwenye, ikakhulukazi ziyofuna ukudla, kulokhu okufile.
Ngenxa yalesi sizathu, bafika baphikisana phakathi kwabo izindawo ezithile ezitholakalayo endaweni lapho lezi zinyoni zihlangana khona, njengoba iningi lazo libonakala izinyoni eziningi ndawonye, zizungeza inyamazane ethile elungele ukudliwa, ngakho Izinyoni ezingafika ku-27 zitholwe ndawonye zindiza endaweni efanayo lapho kutholakala khona noma iyiphi ingcuba.
Ukuzala
Ukukhiqizwa kabusha kwe-Andean condor kumelela into abaningi abangayazi, yingakho kulesi sigaba sizokwethula imininingwane ezokusiza ufunde kabanzi mayelana nezici zale nyoni. Ngokuvamile, i-condor ijwayele ukukhetha kakhulu nomlingani wayo, lokhu kusho ukuthi umlingani okhethiwe uzoba yedwa ozoba naye impilo yonke.
Leli yiqiniso elithakazelisayo ngempela. Kuphela uma kwenzeka omunye umbhangqwana udlula, i-condor izozama ukuqala ukufuna omunye umbhangqwana, noma kunjalo, uma lokhu kungenzeki, inyoni ngeke ibe nesidingo sokwenza lesi senzo.
Mayelana nomjikelezo wayo wokuzala, singakugqamisa lokho kusukela enqubweni yokukhwelana yokuqomisana, futhi kuze kufike ukuzalwa kwezinkukhu ezihlukahlukene, umjikelezo uvame ukwenzeka cishe iminyaka emi-3. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, i-Andean condor iye yabhekwa njengenye yezinyoni ezivame ukwenza inqubo ebanzi yokufukamela ngokwehlukahlukana kwezinyoni sezizonke.
Ngokuqondene nesikhathi sokuzala kwetshwele, livame ukuhlala cishe izinyanga ezi-2 zokufukamela kweqanda bese linikeza indlela yokuzalwa kwenyoni. Ilungu elisha lomndeni, ngakolunye uhlangothi, livame ukunakekelwa yizinsikazi neduna, ngokuvamile itshwele livame ukudla inyama eyizingcezu ezincane kakhulu, lapho selinezinyanga eziyisithupha ubudala itshwele liqala ukundiza eduze kakhulu ukusuka. isidleke lapho abazali bevame ukuyivikela kunoma yiluphi uhlobo lwezilwane ezidla ezinye.
Uma sekusondele unyaka wokuqala wokuphila, inkukhu ikulungele kakhulu ukwenza izindiza ezinde nabazali bayo ababili. Ngenxa yokuziphatha kwabazali bakhe, uvame ukuqopha ngisho nokunyakaza okuyisisekelo, bese ekwenza futhi akuphinde. Ngale ndlela itshwele liyafunda futhi lisebenze ezenzweni zalo ezihlukene nasezimeni elisebenza kuzo.
Ngemva kwalesi sikhathi, futhi lapho isondela eminyakeni emibili yokuphila, inyoni ijwayele ukuba ingxenye yemihlambi emikhulu, lapho ihlangana khona ukuze iphile futhi idle inyama efile etholakala uma lokhu kwenzeka enyoni. amaqembu njengelungu elisebenzayo eliza ukuzolwela ukudla uma likutholile.
I-Nest
Isidleke simelela into ebaluleke ngempela kulezi zinyoni, njengoba ngaphakathi kwaso zikwazi ukuzivikela, futhi ziphinde zichanyuselwe futhi zifukamele amaphuphu azo. Lesi sakhiwo ngokuvamile sitholakala ezindaweni eziqinile, ikakhulukazi emadwaleni, ngenhloso yokuthi izidleke azithintwa iziphepho ezinamandla.
Isidleke sinendawo enesihlabathi ngaphansi, okungukuthi, isiteji, esivame ukwenziwa yizinyoni ngokwazo, lapho ngokuvamile ziphumule khona, futhi zifukamele amaphuphu azo, lezi zinyoni zivamise ukwakha isimo sezidleke zazo Ngenxa yoqhwaku lwazo. , okubanikeza ukuma abakudingayo, njengemilenze yabo, nabo badlala indima ebalulekile ekwakheni ikhaya. Ngabesilisa abavame ukubamba iqhaza ekuchazeni kwayo.
I-Phylogeny
Lesi sici sihlobene nokuhlukaniswa kwe-condor yase-Andes, eyayivame ukuhlotshaniswa nezilwane ezithile (ezibizwa nangokuthi izinyoni), nokho, ucwaningo luye lwabonisa ukuthi i-condor inenzalo yezinhlobo ezithile zama-herons. Nokho, le datha idinga ukujula kakhulu. Elinye iqiniso okumelwe ulicabangele ukuthi, ngokwengxenye enkulu, i-condor ivame ukuphawula indawo yayo, noma eye yavumela ukuba khona kwayo ukuba kwenziwe emazweni ahlukahlukene eMelika.
Ukusatshalaliswa
Kulesi sigaba, sizokhuluma kancane mayelana nokusatshalaliswa okusemthethweni kwe-condor, nokho ezigabeni ezedlule sikunikeze imininingwane ethile ngaleli qiniso. Sesikusho kaningi ukuthi le nyoni itholakala ezindaweni ezahlukene zaseMelika. Amazwe amaningi okuzokhulunywa ngawo anendawo enkulu enezindawo eziluhlaza ezivuna inyoni ngezindlela ezithile.
Ngakolunye uhlangothi, enhlabathini yaseVenezuela, i-condor yase-Andean ivame ukubizwa ngokuthi enye into, ngenxa yabantu abathile bomdabu ezindaweni ezithile zezwe, okuthi, ngaphansi kokucindezelwa, baqondane nesilwane. Iqiniso lokuthi emazweni amaningi okukhulunywe ngawo ngenhla baye baqamba izinganekwane ezithile ngamasiko amanga asungulwa yicondor.
Imfihlakalo
Phakathi kwedatha ye-mysticism esinayo kuze kube manje, okugqama kakhulu ukuthi kwezinye izizwe i-condor ithathwa njengesilwane esivame ukuvuselela isimo saso semvelo lapho siguga, sizama ukufa bese siphila ngokuvuselela. amabutho alo.
Le nyoni, njengoba sishilo ekuqaleni, ivame ukumelela izici ezithile ezifanele. Njengamandla, ukukholisa, amandla, kanye nobuhlakani obuphezulu. Ngokulandelayo, lokhu kusetshenziswa njengophawu lwemvelo ehlukile ezicini ezehlukene, kuye ngomongo esikhuluma ngawo.
Kumele kuqashelwe ukuthi lena inyoni ethakazelisa ngempela njengoba inokwakheka okuhle, ezikhathini eziningi ithathwa njengophawu lokushisekela izwe, isetshenziswe futhi ibekwe ngokuvumelana namasiko amazwe ahlukene lapho ihlonishwa khona.
Kunamasu anhlobonhlobo asetshenziswayo ukunqanda le nyoni ukuthi ingaqhubeki nokuba yingozi, kubhekwa ukuthi amazwe ahlukene asungule imigomo yesiko labantu ukuze kuqwashiswe kuyona mayelana nokunakekelwa kwecondor kuphela kodwa nezinyoni. jikelele..
Iziphetho
Njengamanje, imizamo yenziwe ukuhambisa inqwaba yamasu avumela futhi agqugquzele izenzo zokongiwa kwale nyoni, emazweni ahlukene, okusho ukuthi miningi imizamo eyenziwe yizwe ngalinye. Kucatshangelwa ukuthi amasu alungiselelwe ukuthuthukisa avuna kakhulu ukusabalala nokuba khona kwekhondori.
Ngakolunye uhlangothi, izwe ngalinye lesi silwane esihlala kulo, liye lazama ukulondoloza lezi zilwane, njengoba kuyinyoni ngempela ukuthi ezindaweni eziningi zalezo zindawo zibaluleke kakhulu ezingeni lemvelo namasiko, kucatshangelwa ukuthi nayo ithathwe njengenyoni yesizwe.
Kungabonakala ngisho ukuthi lolu hlobo lwenyoni lwalusetshenziswa njengesifanekiso esibonakala ezimpawu ezithile zesizwe, njengezihlangu namafulege. Ukuba isibalo esithakazelisa ngempela eziningi zalezi zifanekiselo zezimpawu zezwe, ezivela emazweni aseNingizimu Melika.
Kanjalo, yona kanye le nyoni inamandla athile emfihlakalo nemfihlakalo, okuthi ngenxa yezinganekwane ezihlukahlukene eziye zathunyelwa emazweni ahlukahlukene, le nyoni ithathe ukubaluleka okuthile, ngenxa yezinganekwane ezahlukene ezivela ikakhulukazi ezifundeni zasemakhaya. amanye amadolobha.
Ngalokhu, i-condor ye-Andes ithandwa kakhulu, futhi ukunakekelwa kwezinhlobo zezilwane kuthuthukiswa ngenxa yamazinga amasha okubaluleka usuku ngalunye oluzenzela lona ngokwalo. Akungabazeki ukuthi lolu uhlobo lwenyoni oluwuphawu nolunempikiswano enkulu.
Sibonga umfanekiso ongenhla. Sifinyelele ekugcineni kokuthunyelwe kwethu, ngethemba lokuthi uthole ulwazi olwanele mayelana nezici ezimangalisayo zale nyoni yophawu. Ngokucabangela ukuthi umzila esikunikeze wona ngendawo yawo yokuhlala, ukudla, ukubaluleka, i-morphology nokunye, ungawuthanda ngokuphelele.