Umuthi we-oki isihlahla esiqashelwa ngokumelana kwaso ngendlela emangalisayo nesimo sezulu esishisayo nokushintsha kwezinkathi zonyaka. Lapho, ngokuqondene nezinye izinhlobo, ukuthena kuyinqubo ebalulekile ekuthuthukisweni kwalesi sihlahla, ngakho siyakumema ukuthi uqhubeke ufunda ukuze uthole ¿indlela yokuthena i-oki?
Iyini i-Oak?
I-oki iwuhlobo lwesihlahla esinobude obuphakathi kwamamitha angu-16 no-25 ukuphakama, esingatholakala ikakhulukazi eSpain, kodwa nakwezinye izindawo eziseningizimu yeYurophu. Kuyaziwa ukuthi imelana kakhulu nezinguquko zesizini ezithile ezindaweni ezithile zase-Europe, ngaphezu kokuba uhlobo oluphila isikhathi eside kakhulu.
I-Quercus Ilex yigama lesayensi le-oki, elibhalwe njengelinye elivame kakhulu Izitshalo zangaphandle zimelana nokubanda nokushisa eSpain, lokhu ngenxa yokuthi ijwayele ukuhlala cishe kunoma yiluphi uhlobo lwenhlabathi. Umqhele wayo omkhulu uyakwazi ukuveza umthunzi endaweni enkulu kakhulu futhi unesiqu esiqine kakhulu.
Inamaqabunga amahle ahlala eluhlaza, kungakhathaliseki ukuthi isimo sezulu esizungezile siyini, nakuba kufanele kuphawulwe ukuthi ungabona iminonjana yombala ophuzi emaqabunga lapho isihlahla sifinyelela esigabeni saso sokuguga.
Isikhathi sokuqhakaza kwesihlahla se-oki siphakathi kwezinyanga zika-March no-May, nakuba kufanele kuqashelwe ukuthi izimbali azizona ezikhanga kakhulu, kodwa kunalokho isithelo saso esaziwa ngokuthi ama-acorns, esisetshenziselwa ukondla inani elikhulu lezilwane. futhi isetshenziselwa ukwenza ufulawa.
Ukhuni lwawo luqinile ngendlela emangalisayo, kangangokuthi luze lusetshenziswe ngisho nokwenza ezinye izinhlobo zezakhiwo, nakuba ukuwenza kuyinqubo enzima. Lokhu futhi kuvame ukuvama kakhulu emzini wabantu baseSpain, abawusebenzisela ukwenza imililo evuthayo, ngaphezu kweqiniso lokuthi amagxolo awo nawo avame ukusetshenziselwa ukudaya izinto ezithile.
Holm ukunakekelwa kwe-oki
Esinye sezici ezinhle kakhulu zalolu hlobo, ngaphezu kokumelana nokuvumelana nezimo eziningi zezifunda nesimo sezulu, futhi ukuthi ukunakekelwa kwalolu hlobo lwesihlahla kulula kakhulu, yingakho kulula kakhulu ukutshala izitshalo zezihlahla. lolu hlobo.
Njengoba sishilo ngaphambili, i-holm oak iguqulelwe cishe kunoma yiluphi uhlobo lwenhlabathi futhi empeleni, izwe lapho lesi sihlahla singatshalwa khona liyindlala kakhulu, elinomthelela ekwandeni nasekusakazeni izinhlobo.
Inokumelana okumangalisayo nezimo zezulu ezibandayo, nokho-ke, kungcono ukuyigcina ezindaweni lapho kunesimo sezulu esomile nesifudumele isikhathi esiningi sonyaka. Manje, ukukhanya kwelanga kuyisici esivuna kakhulu ukukhula kwalesi sihlahla, nakuba lokho kungasivimbeli ukuba simila ezindaweni ezinomthunzi.
Iphuzu elibaluleke kakhulu ukuthi i-oki inokumelana okumangalisayo nenqubo yokuthena, okumele yenziwe ngesikhathi sokukhula kancane ukuze isihlahla silulame ngokushesha futhi singatholi izifo.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, ngokuphambene nalokho okwenzekayo nezinye izinhlobo zezihlahla, ukwazi indlela yokuthena i-oki Ungakwazi ukuzijwayeza noma yiluphi uhlobo lokuthena, ngisho nokuvuselela okunamandla kunconywa kakhulu uma isihlahla sesiguge kakhulu noma lapho izingxenye zaso ziwohloka kakhulu.
Ukuthena kwe-Oak
Njengezitshalo eziningi, ukuthena kuyisici esibaluleke kakhulu ukuze i-oki ikhule futhi ikhule ngendlela efanele, yingakho kufanele wazi indlela yokuthena i-oki, kanye nawo wonke amathuluzi adingekayo enqubo, isikhathi esifanele sokuthena nezinye izici okufanele zicatshangelwe lapho kwenziwa.
Ngomuthi we-oki, inqubo yokuthena iyimfuneko ebalulekile ukuze ukhule futhi ukhiqize umthunzi omuhle, kanye nesivuno esikhulu sezithelo ezondla izilwane ezisendaweni ezungezile.
Elinye lamaphuzu abaluleke kakhulu ukuthi ukuthena kunethonya eliqondile esihlahleni se-oki njengoba sisesigabeni saso sokuqala sokukhula, okuwuhlelo olunganikeza imiphumela yesikhathi eside, njengoba kuvumela ukungena ngendlela efanele kuzo zonke izingxenye zesitshalo. futhi yenza ukubonakala kwayo okuhle kuyo, kusukela umqhele wayo kuze kube ngaphansi kwamahlamvu awo.
Izikhathi zokuqala ukuthenwa kwenziwa esihlahleni se-oki, inqubo yenziwa ngenhloso enkulu yokuklama isakhiwo sesitshalo futhi sisinikeze isisekelo esihle sokukhula njengoba sisesigabeni sokuqala sokukhula.
Ngakolunye uhlangothi, lapho isitshalo sesidlule iminyaka engu-4 yokuphila kusukela satshalwa, khona-ke ukuthenwa kwenziwa ikakhulukazi ngenhloso yokusihlanza futhi sikhululeke kunoma yiluphi uhlobo lwe-parasite, amagatsha omile namadala. Lokhu kusiza futhi ekuqinisekiseni ukungena komoya okuhle ngaphakathi kwesitshalo kanye nokukhanyisa ukufinyelela kuzo zonke izingxenye zaso.
I-oki ithenwa ngasiphi isikhathi sonyaka?
Isici esibaluleke kakhulu okumelwe sicatshangelwe yisikhathi esibonisiwe lapho inqubo yokuthena kufanele yenziwe, ngoba kwaziwa kahle ukuthi ngalolu hlobo lwezitshalo, uma zivezwe esimweni sezulu esibi kakhulu ngemva kokuthenwa, khona-ke lokhu kungaba yingozi. ekuthuthukisweni kwabo.
Kungakho isihlahla se-oki kufanele sithenwe ngezigaba ezibalulekile lapho ukukhula kwawo okuqhubekayo kwehliswa kancane, okungaba ekupheleni kwezinkathi ezibandayo noma ekuqaleni kwentwasahlobo, ngenhloso yokuthi isitshalo singachayeka kakhulu emakhazeni futhi ukuthi amanxeba angaphola ngokushesha ngesikhathi eqala kabusha isigaba sawo sokukhula.
Ukunakekelwa okukhethekile kufanele kuthathwe ngenkathi yokuthenwa kwe-oki, ngoba uma le nqubo ibambezeleka futhi yenziwa ngesikhathi lapho isitshalo sisesigabeni saso esihle sokukhula, khona-ke singase silahlekelwe kakhulu izakhi.
amathuluzi okuthena
I-oki isihlahla esingakhula sifinyelele ukuphakama okukhulu kakhulu futhi ngokuvamile kuyadingeka ukusebenzisa amathuluzi ahlukahlukene ukuze kuthenwe, ukuze kwenziwe ngendlela engcono kakhulu.
Kuyadingeka ukugqamisa ukubaluleka kokuthi wonke amathuluzi abulawe amagciwane ngaphambilini ngomkhiqizo ofanele walolu hlobo lwensimbi nokuthi, uma kungenzeka, inqubo yokubulala amagciwane nayo yenziwe ngemva kokusetshenziswa.
Ngale ndlela, noma yikuphi ukudluliswa kwamagciwane, isikhunta nezinye izifo ezithathelwanayo ezingase zisongele impilo yalokhu nezinye izinhlobo zezitshalo, okuzosetshenziswa ngazo amathuluzi okuthena, kuyavinjelwa.
Amathuluzi azosetshenziswa yilawa alandelayo:
- Izikele zokuthena noma isaha elincane: Leli thuluzi lizosetshenziselwa ukusika amagatsha anesilinganiso ukusuka ku-1 kuya ku-5 amasentimitha.
- kagesi noma isaha lesandla: Lokhu kuzosetshenziselwa amagatsha amakhulu angenakunqunywa yithuluzi lokuqala.
- Izitebhisi: Ihloselwe ikakhulukazi ama-oki amade kakhulu futhi adinga ukuthenwa emagatsheni awo angaphezulu.
- Unama unama: Isetshenziswa ezitshalweni ezisanda kuthenwa ukusiza ukuvala amanxeba nokuvikela isitshalo kunoma yiluphi uhlobo lokutheleleka.
- Izakhi zokuphepha: Izinto ezinjengamagilavu, izibuko namabhuzu, ezisetshenziselwa ukuqinisekisa ukuvikelwa kwe-arborist.
Indlela yokuthena i-oki?
Abaningi bakholelwa ukuthi kuye ngezinhlobo zezitshalo, inqubo yokuthena iyohlale ifana, kodwa iqiniso liwukuthi kunezinhlobo ezihlukahlukene zokuthena esigabeni ngasinye sokukhula isitshalo esinaso.
Yingakho isinyathelo sokuqala sokuthena kuwukwenza isiqiniseko sokuthi uyayazi iminyaka yesitshalo, kuye ngalolo lwazi inqubo yokuthena izohluka. Uma kucatshangelwa nokuthi zonke izitshalo ziguga ngezindlela ezahlukene, zithonywa izici zezitshalo, i Izinhlobo zenhlabathi kanye nemvelo ebazungezile.
Indlela yokuthena i-oki encane?
I-oki ingayeka ukuba mncane lapho iminyaka yayo idlula iminyaka eyisi-6 kuye kweyi-10, lokhu, njengoba sishilo ngaphambili, isici esingancika endaweni lapho itshalwe khona. Kulesi sigaba, ukuthenwa okwenziwa esihlahleni yikho okusiza ukubeka isakhiwo sokukhula.
Inqubo eyenziwa kulezi zinhlobo zokuthena imvamisa iyafana, okuyikhona esizokukhombisa isinyathelo ngesinyathelo, ngezansi:
- Into yokuqala kuyoba ukususa amagatsha abonakala esesimweni esibi, noma ngenxa yokuthi omile noma abukeka ebuthakathaka.
- Kuzoba khona amagatsha amade kunamanye futhi ukwenza isihlahla sibukeke sisihle kakhulu lawa asikwa afinyelele ukuphakama okufana namanye.
- Amagatsha aseduze nomhlabathi ayasikwa futhi isiqu sishiywa sihlanzekile.
- Okufanelekile, susa ama-suckers futhi, ukuvimbela amahlumela amaningi ukuthi angaveli engxenyeni engezansi.
Kumele kuqashelwe ukuthi nakuba inqubo yokuthena i-oki ifana kakhulu, iqiniso liwukuthi zenziwa ngezinhloso ezahlukene futhi ezinye zezinyathelo zabo azilingani.
Ukwakha izihlahla
Inenhloso yokusungula indlela yokukhula kwesihlahla, ukulungisa ukwakheka kwaso nokuqondisa ukukhula kwaso. Izincomo ezibaluleke kakhulu ukuqinisekisa ukuthi lokhu kuthena kwenziwa ngesikhathi esifanele, lapho ukukhula kwesihlahla kuphumule futhi sinesikhathi esanele sokuphulukisa amanxeba aso ngaphambi kokufika kwanoma yisiphi isithwathwa.
Ngesikhathi sokuqala ukuthenwa kokubunjwa kwenziwa, wonke amagatsha ayasikwa ukuze akhuthaze ukukhula kwesihlahla. Manje, okwesibili amagatsha amakhulu ehliswa futhi ingxenye engezansi yesiqu iyahlanzwa, kuyilapho okwesithathu amagatsha amakhulu ehliswa futhi futhi amagatsha asele emqhele asusiwe.
Ukuthena izithelo
Kulo mzuzu amagatsha amakhulu akhethiwe futhi lapho esinye isihlahla sizoqiniswa khona, lezi kufanele ziqonde ngangokunokwenzeka, ngenhloso yokuthi zingawi esikhathini esizayo ngesisindo, ngaphezu kwalokho, ama-suckers. ziyasuswa lezi ziqu zesisekelo. Amagatsha esibili nawo ayanqunywa, okuzovunwa kuwo izithelo.
Indlela yokuthena i-oki evuthiwe?
Ukwenza inqubo yokuthena esihlahleni se-oki esidala kuvumela ukuba sigcine isimo ebesikhula ngaso, ngaphezu kokwenziwa ukuhlanza isikhungo somuthi, lapho amagatsha amaningi evame ukunqwabelana lapho isihlahla sesithathe ubukhulu obukhulu, ngiyabonga. eqinisweni lokuthi ukufinyelela kuleso sikhala akufinyeleleki kalula.
Ngokukwazi ukuqeda amagatsha amaningi ngaphakathi kwesihlahla, umoya ungageleza kangcono kakhulu kuzo zonke izikhala futhi kulula kakhulu ukuthi ukukhanya kwelanga kufinyelele kuzo zonke izingxenye zesitshalo.
Ukuthena kokukhiqiza
Kuwukuthena okwenziwe uchungechunge lwezinyathelo okufanele zenziwe ukuze kuthuthukiswe izinga lesithelo nokuthi sikhiqizwe ngobuningi. Umsebenzi oyinhloko ukwandisa okokufaka kokukhanya kuningi lomuthi.
Kule nqubo, ukweqisa kwamaqabunga namagatsha atholakala emqheleni nasenkabeni yesitshalo kuyaqedwa, ngaphezu kwamagatsha esibili angakhiqizi izithelo eziningi, ngale ndlela ezinye zizokhula ezizokwenza ngcono ukukhiqizwa.
Indlela yokwenza lokhu kuthena imi kanje:
- Okokuqala, ama-suckers athatha indawo enkulu emagatsheni ayasuswa, njengoba lokhu kunciphisa ukukhula futhi kudla amandla angadingekile. Kodwa kufanele uvumele isitshalo sigcine esibuthakathaka ukuze sivikeleke Madera wesiqu esikhulu.
- Kufanele ususe amagatsha asendaweni engezansi, ngoba awakwazi ukufinyelela ukukhanya kwelanga okuningi njengamanye ngakho-ke, izithelo ezizikhiqizayo azizona ezihamba phambili.
- Amagatsha akhula phakathi nendawo kufanele athenwe ngendlela ephambanayo namanye, njengoba lolu hlobo lwamahlumela luthiya ukudlula nokukhula kwamanye.
- Kufanele siqinisekise ukuthi kunokukhanya okuningi ngangokunokwenzeka engilazini.
ukulungisa izihlahla
Lokhu kwenziwa ezihlahleni ze-oki esezineminyaka eminingi zikhiqizwa futhi lapho izimpawu zokwehla seziqala ukubonwa, njengokuthi izinga lokukhiqiza liyancipha, ukuthi amaqabunga alahlekelwa umbala nobukhulu, ngaphezu kwezinye izimpawu. izobonakala kunoma yimuphi uchwepheshe.
Kumele kuqashelwe ukuthi lolu hlobo lokuthena lungenziwa ngezindlela ezimbili ezihlukene, lapho eyokuqala ingaba indlela esheshayo, ehlanganisa ukuqeda wonke amahlamvu esihlahla nokushiya kuphela isiqu esinamagatsha abaluleke kakhulu, ngale ndlela. amahlamvu azobuya akhule futhi.
Ngakolunye uhlangothi, kukhona ukuthenwa kokuvuselela kancane kancane, lapho uqala ukusika kusukela phezulu kuye phansi futhi lokhu kuyinqubo ehlukaniswa ngezigaba kanye nesikhawu sesikhathi esifinyelela eminyakeni emi-3, lokhu ngenhloso yokuqeda amagatsha amakhulu ngalinye kwelinye esigabeni ngasinye.
Amathiphu okuthena i-oki
Ukuthenwa kwezitshalo njalo kwenziwa ngenhloso yokuthi zikhule ngendlela engcono kakhulu, ukuze zikhule zinempilo, ziqine futhi zikhulise ukukhiqizwa kwanoma yiluphi uhlobo lwesithelo. Nawa amanye amathiphu ongawasebenzisa manje owazi indlela yokuthena i-oki:
- Kungcono ukunikeza umqhele isimo se-lobed ngaphambi kwanoma yimuphi omunye, njengoba lokhu kusiza ukuveza izingxenye eziningi zesihlahla elangeni.
- Khumbula ukuthi amagatsha angenampilo angabambezela kakhulu ukukhula kwesihlahla.
- Ukuze isihlahla sibe nokubukeka okungcono, kungcono ukungavumeli amagatsha akhule asymmetrically, ikakhulukazi emqhele.
- Amahlumela aphuma esiqwini somuthi kufanele asuswe lapho esethole ukuphakama, ukuze abe nokubukeka okuvamile futhi ingxenye engezansi ihlanzeke ngokuphelele.
- Uma kwenziwa noma yiluphi uhlobo lokuthena, kungaba kuhle kakhulu ukusebenzisa lolu godo ngendlela engcono kakhulu, ngoba noma selugawuliwe lungakwazi ukugaywa kabusha, njengokulugxoba ukuze luvundise umhlabathi noma lusebenzise ukukhanya. imililo ezitofini, eziko nokunye. .