Kuvame kakhulu ukuthi kunokungabaza okuhlukahlukene noma ukudideka mayelana nokuhlukaniswa kwezilwane ngokusho kokudla kwazo, ngoba ukuhlukahluka kwezinhlobo zezinto eziphilayo kubanzi kakhulu futhi kuyinkimbinkimbi kakhulu ukucacisa lesi sihloko, noma kunjalo, akufanele ukhathazeke lapha uzothola konke. ngalesi sihloko esikhulu.
Izilwane
Emhlabeni wonke kunezinhlobonhlobo ezinkulu zezilwane, kusukela ezincane kakhulu ezicishe zingabonakali kuye kwezinkulu kakhulu ezivame ukubangela ukwesaba okukhulu kulabo abahlangana nanoma iyiphi yazo, ngenxa yalokhu kuhlukahluka okukhulu kukhona nezinhlobo eziningi zokudla, okuncike kakhulu. ye-ecosystem lapho uhlobo ngalunye lukhula khona.
Kuzophinde kuncike ekutheni isilwane ngasinye simila kanjani kanye nendlela yokuphila esihola ngayo yileso naleso, ngoba konke lokhu ukuthi umbuso wezilwane ubanzi kakhulu futhi ngokuhamba kweminyaka uqoqe yonke indawo ekhona emhlabeni, ngaphandle kwazo. umjikelezo wokuphila wawungenakwenzeka.
Izilwane eziningi zingadla amaqabunga nezithelo, kanti ezinye zisekela ukudla kwazo enyameni, okungukuthi, zidla ezinye izilwane, ngaleyo ndlela zigcwalise umjikelezo wemvelo; iyazalwa, izalane futhi ife, ezinye izinhlobo zezilwane zidla izinto eziphilayo, ngayinye yazo izoshiwo kuso sonke isihloko.
Kumele kuqashelwe ukuthi ngenxa yokushintsha kwesimo sezulu iplanethi osekuyiminyaka eminingana ibhekene nayo, eziningi zalezi zilwane kuye kwadingeka zivumelane nezinye izinhlobo zokudla nokuphila okungezona ezijwayelekile, okudala izinkinga ezinkulu ku-ecosystem ibeka izinhlobo eziningi zezilwane engozini yokushabalala.
Lapho ukuphakelwa komunye wabo kuhluka ngendlela eyimpoqo, izinkinga ezinkulu ziqala ukuvela emvelweni ngokuvamile ezingabonakali ngeso lenyama kodwa ukuthi ngokuhamba kwesikhathi ziyabonakala futhi ngezinye izikhathi akukho ukubuyela emuva, inkinga ayikwazi ukuxazululwa. .
ukudla kwezilwane
Sekuvele kushiwo ukuthi ukudla kwezilwane zingahlukahluka kakhulu ngakho-ke kufanele unake kakhulu ngayinye yalezi zinhlobo, ezivumelana nezinhlobo ezahlukene zezilwane emhlabeni, lokhu kuhlukaniswa kube njalo ngenxa yezifundo eziningi ezenziwa ososayensi nochwepheshe endaweni eminyakeni eminingi ukufunda kanye nentuthuko.
Ngokuhamba kweminyaka izinhlobo zezilwane bezishintshashintsha, eziningi zazo zize zakwazi ukuphila ezindaweni ezihlukahlukene, ikakhulukazi ngokudla lokho ezazinakho kulezo zindawo, kungaba ukudla okukodwa lapho ekuqaleni zidla izinhlobonhlobo ezinkulu; Enye yezinzuzo zaleli qiniso ukuthi akukho ukuncintisana nezinye izilwane.
Ngokugwema ukuncintisana ngokudla phakathi kwezilwane, kunethuba elikhulu lokuthi izinhlobonhlobo zezinto eziphilayo zihlala zinjalo futhi azisekho izinhlobo ezisengozini yokushabalala, nokho, lokhu ngokuvamile akwenzeki ngaleyo ndlela.
Isilwane ngasinye sinenqubo yokuziphendukela kwemvelo ngokuya ngokudla kwaso okuzoncika endleleni esihlobana ngayo nendawo esitholakala kuyo, ukuqonda ngayinye yale mininingwane ibheka indlela ukuhlukaniswa kwezilwane ngokudla kwazo.
Izilwane zihlukaniswa kanjani ngokudla kwazo?
Lokhu kuhlukaniswa okuboniswe ngezansi kusekelwe ohlotsheni lwento isilwane ngasinye esithola kuso ukudla kwaso, kodwa okokuqala kubalulekile ukusho ukuthi kuyini ukuhlukaniswa kwezilwane:
- I-Los Izilwane ezidla inyama
- Izilwane ezidla imifino
- Izilwane ezi-omnivorous
- Izilwane ezibolayo
- Izimuncagazi
- i-coprophagous
Amagama aqanjwe kakhulu emhlabeni yilabo abathathu bokuqala ohlwini, nokho-ke, abanye futhi bangabombuso wezilwane.
Endabeni yokuqala ohlwini, yilabo abadla inyama yesinye isilwane, okwesibili yilabo abadla imifino kuphela, okwesithathu basekela ukudla kwabo kokubili inyama nemifino, ngakho-ke kulula kubo ukuzivumelanisa nezimo. kunoma iyiphi ingxenye yeplanethi; izindawo zokuhlala yizo ezidla izinto eziphilayo kanti ezokugcina zidla indle.
Ngokufanayo, ngayinye yalezi zitatimende izobonakala ngokuningiliziwe engxenyeni ngayinye kwezilandelayo, njengoba ngayinye yalezi zilwane igxile ohlotsheni olulodwa lwesilwane endabeni yezilwane ezidla inyama, futhi ezinhlotsheni ezithile zemifino endabeni yezilwane ezidla inyama. , okungukuthi, azidli noma yiluphi uhlobo lwalokho kudla.
Izilwane ezixakile
Ake siqale ngalezi zilwane okuvamise ukukhulunywa ngazo nezidumile emhlabeni wonke, njengoba sekushiwo, yilezo ezisekela ukudla kwazo ezintweni zezilwane, okungukuthi, ziyizilwane ezidla ezinye izinhlobo zezilwane, yilokho okwenzekayo. uma ibhubesi lidla inyamazane, ingwenya idla idube, phakathi kokunye.
Bathola imisoco yabo edingekayo kule nyama, kungakhathaliseki ukuthi badla ngokuphelele le phrotheni noma ingxenye; Kuyagqanyiswa ukuthi laba bathathwa njengabathengi besibili, okudalwa ukuthi into ejwayeleke kakhulu ukuthi badla izilwane ezidla uhlaza.
Ukuze bakwazi ukondla bakwenza ngezindlela ezihlukahlukene, nokho-ke, iningi labo lisebenzisa izici ezithile ikakhulukazi njengejubane lokubamba inyamazane yabo, bayanyonyoba baze bacabange ukuthi bangathatha ukudla kwabo, bayakubulala bese emva kwalokho. bayayidla, abaningi bayigcina ukuze bayidle ngezinsuku ezilandelayo, njengoba kwenzeka El tiger.
Kodwa kukhona amanye amasu okuthi ngokwemvelo abe nesici esithakazelisayo, njengokufihla nokuhamba ngamaphakethe; Lolu hlobo lwesilwane luvamise ukumunca yonke into esidlayo, ngakho ngokudla okuncane singaphila isikhathi eside uma kuqhathaniswa.
Ukuze zithole ukudla kwazo, zisebenzisa amandla amaningi, yingakho zivame ukubonakala ziphumule ngemva kwalolu suku olude; Izigaba zezilwane ezidla inyama zimi kanje:
Ngendlela abakuthola ngayo ukudla kwabo:
- izilwane ezidla ezinye: yilezo ezidla izilwane eziphilayo, okungukuthi, ziyazifuna, zizixoshe futhi zizingele, njengoba kwenzeka ezinsikazi eziningi njenge Ingwe emhlophe.
- ama-scavenger: yilezo, ngokungafani nangaphambili, ezidla izilwane ezingaphili, ngakho azidingi izindleko ezinkulu zamandla; Lezi zinendlela emizimbeni yazo ezivimbela ukuthi zingangenwa izifo, njengoba kwenzeka ngamanqe.
- I-Generalist carnivores: njengoba igama layo libonisa, zivame kakhulu, zingadla izinambuzane, i-carrion, izilwane ezincelisayo noma ezinye.
- Izinambuzane noma i-Entomophagous: yilezo ezidla izinambuzane ezifana nezicabucabu, izikelemu, amabhungane.
- i-myrmecophages: Kulesi simo, isibonelo esicacile yinyamazane, esekela ukudla kwayo ezintuthwaneni kanye nomuhlwa.
- ama-piscivores: ukudla kwayo okuningi kusekelwe ezinhlanzini.
- i-planktonic: yilezo zilwane zasemanzini ezisekela ukudla kwazo ku-plankton, njengoba kunjalo ngomkhomo oluhlaza.
Izilwane ezidla imifino
Ngakolunye uhlangothi kukhona labo abadla imifino ngakho-ke banomlomo ovumela ukuthi bakuhlafune kahle kakhulu ukudla kwabo, umehluko kunangaphambili ukuthi laba bathathwa njengabathengi bokuqala, abadliwa yizilwane eziningi ezidla inyama, lezi. Izilwane zivame ukuba nekhono lokuzifihla, zivame ukuba nesivinini esikhulu sokunyakaza futhi zihlale zihamba njengemihlambi.
Lezi azidingi izindleko ezinkulu zamandla njengoba ukudla kwazo ngokuvamile kulula kakhulu ukukuthola, kodwa imininingwane enkulu isekutheni azikwazi ukumunca ukudla okuningi ezikudlayo futhi ngenxa yalokhu zidinga ukudla kaningi kunezilwane ezidla inyama. Isibonelo sesilwane esidla uhlaza yi Indlovu yase-Asia.
Izinhlobo zezilwane ezidla uhlaza yilezi:
- I-Generalist herbivores: lezi zingadla izinhlobonhlobo zezitshalo nezicubu zezitshalo, phakathi kwalolu hlobo lwesilwane singabala inkomo.
- I-Folivores: ukudla kwabo ngokuyinhloko kusekelwe amaqabunga afana nezibungu noma i-gorilla yasezintabeni.
- ama-frugivores: kulesi simo impukane yezithelo nelulwane zifaka ezinye zezinhlobo ezincane, njengoba zidla ikakhulukazi izithelo.
- ama-granivores: yizinhlobo ezithanda ukudla imbewu, njengoba kwenzeka kwezinye izinyoni.
- I-Xylophagous: kulesi sigaba kukhona umuhlwa, odla izinkuni.
- ama-rhizophages: lezi yilezo zilwane ezinezimpande njengokudla okuyinhloko, kulezi zinambuzane ezihlukahlukene, njengoba kunjalo nezibungu noma amabhungane.
- ama-nectarivores: Okokugcina, kukhona lezi zilwane ezisekela ukudla kwazo emvuzweni wezimbali, njengoba ungase ucabange, lokhu kuyindaba yezinyosi.
Izilwane ezi-omnivorous
Okokugcina, kukhona lezi zilwane kanye nohlobo lwazo lokuhlukanisa ukudla, okuyilezi ezidla kokubili izitshalo nezilwane, okungukuthi, ziwuhlobo lwengxube yokudla yalezi ezimbili okukhulunywe ngazo ngaphambili.
Lezi zilwane zinezinhlobonhlobo zamazinyo, okuklebhula ukudla okuzodliwa noma ukukuhlafuna, uhlelo lwazo lokugaya ukudla luyi-generalist, okungukuthi, lusebenzisa lokho okusendaweni yaso.
Lezi zinenzuzo kunalezo ezedlule futhi lelo yiqiniso lokuthi zingakwazi ukuzivumelanisa nokuhlukahluka okukhulu kwemvelo, yiqiniso lapho isimo sezulu sibavumela ukuba benze kanjalo, njengoba kwenzeka Izinhlobo ezihlaselayo eMexico namanye ama-latitudes.
Izigaba zezilwane omnivorous zimi kanje:
Ngaphambi kokuqala ukuhlukaniswa, kubalulekile ukusungula ukuthi kusekelwe endaweni abahlala kuyo, ngoba abanakho umkhawulo ekudleni kwabo.
- Ama-omnivores asemhlabeni: Phakathi kwama-omnivore aphumelela kakhulu alolu hlobo amagundane, abantu, nezingulube zasendle.
- I-Aquatic Omnivores: Kunokwehlukahlukana okukhulu kwezinhlobo ze-piranha eziwela kulolu hlobo lwesilwane, kodwa ezinye izimfudu zingahlukaniswa kanjalo.
- Ama-omnivore endizayo: lezo zinyoni ezinoqhwaku ngokwemvelo oluphakathi nobude nobubanzi, ziyi-omnivores njengoba ukudla kwazo kusekelwe ezinhlamvu nezinambuzane.
Ezinye izindlela zokudla kwezilwane
Kodwa labo okukhulunywa ngabo akubona bodwa. izinhlobo zokudla kwezilwane ezikhona, nakuba ezinye zaziwa kancane akusho ukuthi azibalulekile kangako.
Izilwane ezibolayo
Lezi yizo ezisekela ukudla kwazo ezinsalela zezinto eziphilayo, isibonelo, lezo zihlahla eziwile, amaqabunga omile, amagobolondo emifino yezithelo, phakathi kokunye, njengoba lezi zinezakhi ezibalulekile kanye namagciwane kuzo, njengecala izikelemu.
Izimuncagazi
Lawa yilawo athola imisoco kwezinye izinto eziphilayo, afinyelela lokhu ngokunamathela esikhunjeni sawo noma ngokungena emzimbeni, ngaleyo ndlela agcine ubuhlobo nomsingathi wawo.
Lezi zingahlukaniswa zibe izimuncagazi zezilwane kanye nama-parasites ezitshalo, esimweni sangaphambili, njengoba negama lazo libonisa, yilabo abanamathela esilwaneni esidla igazi laso, njengamazeze, kuyilapho lezi zamuva zidla ubisi lwezitshalo. .
I-Coprophages
Okokugcina, ama-coprophagous adla indle yezinye izilwane, lezi zivame ukuhlukaniswa njengezibolayo, lezi zinhlobo zezilwane zibalulekile ekugayweni kabusha kwezinto eziphilayo. Isibonelo salezi zilwane yilezi: Izibulongwe.
Lezi zamuva zibizwa kanjalo kwazise zidonsa ibhola lendle lapho zizofaka khona izibungu ukuze zidle kuzo.