Kuleli thuba sizobe sikhuluma nge izici zebhere ezibukwayo, yazi nathi izici zayo ezimangalisayo, indawo yokuhlala, ukuziphatha, ukudla, nokunye okuningi, hlala lapha futhi ufunde ngalesi silwane esithakazelisayo esivela eNingizimu Melika.
ibhere elibukwayo
Ibhere elibukwayo limelela isilwane esincelisayo esitholakala kuphela kulawo mazwe aseNingizimu Melika. Ngokuqinisekile, uke wazibuza, isizathu segama layo, kulula kakhulu, leli qembu libhalwe ngenxa yezici zalo ze-morphological, kucatshangelwa ukuthi linezindilinga ezimhlophe engxenyeni eyodwa yesifuba salo.
Ngokuvamile, lesi sici ngokuvamile esivelele kunazo zonke morphology yayo, leli bhere itholakala emazweni ahlukahlukene, okuyizinto:
- Venezuela
- Colombia
- Peru
- Ecuador
- Bolivia
Kwamanye ala mazwe kungase kube njalo, isilwane singase saziwa ngamagama ahlukene, njengoba kwenzeka eVenezuela, lapho eyaziwa ngokuthi ibhere elibukwayo. Leli bhere linamakhono ahlukahlukene alivumela ukuthi lisebenze ngendlela evamile endaweni elikuyo.
Ngisho nokuhamba ngendlela eshesha kakhulu njengoba kwesinye isikhathi inamandla okuqwala izintaba ezithile, ngisho nezingamatshe. Kufanele kuqashelwe ukuthi lokhu kuvame ukusebenza kakhulu emini, ngoba ebusuku kuhlala kuthulekile kancane.
Ngokwengxenye enkulu, lezi Amabhele Banokudla okunomsoco, okucebile ngemifino nezithelo, yingakho bebizwa ngokuthi ama-omnivores, abayidli inyama yezinye izilwane futhi, ngokuvamile, bavame ukudla izitshalo eziningi, ezihlinzeka ngemisoco edingekayo ukuze baphile. umzimba wabo.. Kubalulekile ukugqamisa ukuthi ibhere elibukwayo njengamanje linezinye izinsongo ezisongela ukuphila kwalo kwemvelo. Lokhu kungenxa yezenzo ezithile zokuzingela umuntu azenzayo njalo ngokumelene nalolu hlobo lwezilwane.
Ukuziphendukela kwemvelo
ukuziphendukela kwemvelo kanye izici zebhere ezibukwayo baye babonisa ukuthi ithuthuke ngokuqhubekayo, lokhu kwaziwa ngenxa yolwazi olunqunywe amarekhodi ezinto ezimbiwa phansi. Ngemva kocwaningo olunzulu olusukela ebukhoneni bebhere ngezikhathi zangaphambi komlando.
Ngokocwaningo nokucwaninga, leli bhere lakwazi ukufinyelela ezwenikazi laseMelika ngemva kwenqubo ebizwa ngokuthi i-paleozoogeographic, isenzakalo lapho izinhlobo eziningi zezilwane zasemhlabeni zasuka enyakatho zaya eningizimu yeMelika, enye yazo kwakuyibhere elibukwayo.
Kancane kancane, lezi zilwane zajwayelana nezimo zokuphila ezinikezwa izwekazi laseMelika, lapho zakwazi khona ukuguquka ngendlela ebambekayo, mayelana izici zebhere ezibukwayo, wakwazi ukuthola ukuma nemibala emvelele namuhla, edlulisela abalingiswa bakhe ezizukulwaneni ezilandelayo.
Ukudla
Ukuphakelwa kwamabhere anamehlo abukwayo ngomqondo othile kuyinto eyisisekelo, kulesi sigaba, kukithina ukusho isisekelo sokuphakelwa kwalezi zilwane, khona-ke nizokwazi ukuthi zidlani, futhi yiziphi imisoco eziyitholayo. ngokudla okuhlukene okudlayo.
Lesi silwane siye sabanjwa sidla inyama izikhathi ezimbalwa kakhulu, nakuba singadla okungenani amaphesenti angu-3. Nokho, singumthandi wezinye izinhlobo zokudla. Nokho, ukudla kwamabhere abukwayo kusekelwe ikakhulukazi ekusetshenzisweni kwezitshalo zemifino nezithelo. Lokhu kusho ukuthi kunezinhlobonhlobo zamantongomane adliwa kalula yisilwane. Phakathi kwezitshalo singabala noma sigqamise ezinye izimbali ezifana noqalo.
I-bromeliad ingenye yezintandokazi zebhere, ifunwa kakhulu ngempela ngenxa yokunambitheka kwayo, ngokuvamile ayivamisile ukuyidla yonke, ingxenye yayo yangaphakathi kuphela. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, ngeke sehluleke ukuzibala izithelo, njengoba lezi zinikeza imisoco eyanele ukuze zibe namandla amaningi, azivumela ukuba zimunce ama-carbohydrate bese zona namavithamini.
Amagxolo esihlahla awukudla okukhangayo ngokwedlulele okugcinwa kukudla kancane kancane, njengoba sishilo, ibhere alivamisile ukuba nomuzwa walo odla inyama, nokho, lingakwazi ukuzingela izilwane ezithile, njenge:
- Ama-Rodents
- I-Conejos
- I-Llamas
- izinyoni ezithile
- IGanado
Lezi ngezinye zezilwane ezifakwa ekudleni kwenyama ezidliwayo, lokhu uma kunesimo esibucayi, okusho ukuthi azinayo inketho yokutholakala kwezitshalo, izitshalo zokuhlobisa, noma izithelo.
Kodwa-ke, lokhu kukhula njengoba sesishilo kakade ezimweni zokushoda okukhulu kokudla okukhulunywe ngenhla, njengezithelo, ngaphandle kwalokho ibhere lizohlala lifuna ukudla izitshalo ezikhangayo kakhulu kulo nokuthi, yiqiniso, likwazi ukwanelisa izidingo umuntu ngamunye anazo. Ngokwesidingo somzimba wakho.
Izici zebhere leso elibukwayo
Ibhere elibukwayo linezici ezithile eziqondile kakhulu, ezilenza likhetheke kakhulu futhi lihluke kwezinye izinhlobo zamabhere, okuwumphakathi ongabonakala kalula kuwo, ngezansi sethula ezinye zezici zebhere elibukwayo :
Iziphetho
Ngokuqondene nezitho zayo, lezi zinobukhulu obukhulu, okungukuthi, zinobubanzi obuhle nobude, nokho, njengoba kulindelekile, imilenze yangaphambili inosayizi omkhulu kakhulu kuneyangemuva, iyasiza ukuthi ime. ukukhululeka.
Imilenze inesakhiwo esiyisicaba futhi esiyisicaba, esinosayizi ocishe ube ngamasentimitha angama-22. Le milenze imvumela ukuba athole ukuma okukhulu, kanye nokumvumela ukuba azingele ngokuthula okuphelele kwengqondo futhi ngesikhathi esifanayo ukulondeka kusukela ukuqina okuvela kubo kumenza azizwe ephephile lapho ebhekene nempango okungenzeka.
Imilenze yalo ihambisana kahle nezinzipho ezicolekile nezinde isilwane esifanayo esilola kancane kancane futhi njalo, ngenxa yalezi zici zebhere elibukwayo, lapho lihamba livamise ukushiya uphawu phansi olubizwa ngokuthi i-paw print. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, lezi zinzipho ezifanayo nazo ziyinikeza izinzuzo ezithile uma kuziwa ekuzingeleni inyamazane ehlukene ekwazi ukuyithola, ngisho nazo zingakhuphuka ezindaweni ezithile.
isakhiwo samathambo
Ngokuqondene nesakhiwo salo samathambo, lokhu kumangalisa ngokwedlulele futhi kuyamangalisa, esinye sezici zebhere lase-Andean ukuthuthukiswa kwesakhiwo samathambo esiyinkimbinkimbi ngempela futhi esakheke kahle kakhulu. Yakhiwe cishe amapheya ayishumi nantathu ezimbambo. Lolu hlobo ikakhulukazi luhluke kakhulu njengoba ucwaningo luye lwembula ukuthi ezinye izinhlobo zamabhere zinamapheya amaningi ezimbambo.
Okunye kwe- izici zebhere ezibukwayo, into enkulu mayelana nokwakheka kwayo kwemisipha, ikakhulukazi imisipha enayo engxenyeni engenhla, okungukuthi, ogebheni, kucatshangelwa ukuthi yakhiwe yizinhlaka ezintathu ezichaza izinga layo lamathambo, okuyisakhiwo salo. imigodi ehlala ibekwe phezu kwehlombe lesilwane.
Umzimba
Ngokuqondene nomzimba webhere elibukwayo, unamandla ngokwedlulele, kucatshangelwa ukuthi isisindo sawo sikhulu kakhulu, ngakho-ke, umzimba walo, njengoba kulindelekile, mkhulu kakhulu. Engxenyeni engezansi yesilwane, inohlobo lomsila okungenzeka okungenani ube amasentimitha angu-8 ngokwezilinganiso ezijwayelekile zamabhere amaningi anezibuko.
Ezikhathini eziningi ngeke ukwazi ukubheka noma ukunquma umsila abanawo, lokhu kungenxa yoboya obuningi isilwane esinabo njengamanje, ngoba ezikhathini eziningi izinwele zivame ukufihla umsila, nokho kwezinye. umsila uphumela ngaphandle kungakhathaliseki ubude boboya bawo.
Tamaño
Enye ye izici zebhere ezibukwayo Kuwubukhulu abethulayo, bungenye yezinhlobo zebhere, ezinobukhulu obuncane ngokuqhathaniswa, lokhu uma kuqhathaniswa nesinye isigaba samabhere, okungukuthi, kwezinye izinhlobo. Endabeni yabesifazane, ngokumangalisayo, bavame ukuba bancane kunabesilisa ngokwabo.
Isisindo salezi zilwane sihlobene, lokhu kuzoncika ngokomthetho ebulilini obufanayo njengoba ngokuvamile abesilisa, abanobukhulu obukhulu, bavame ukuba nesisindo esingaphezu kwezinsikazi, ngakho-ke isisindo sabo singamakhilogremu angu-180, lokhu kuncike ekutheni isigqi sokudla ibhere elibukwayo elinalo.
Ngokuqondene nezilinganiso zabo, lezi zingafinyelela cishe amasentimitha angu-160, zihambisane namamitha angaba ngu-2, ngokwengxenye yazo, abesifazane balolu hlobo lwamabhere banesisindo esijwayelekile esifinyelela ku-70 kilos, kufanele kuqashelwe ukuthi bavame ukuba bancane kune- abesilisa okungenani ngomehluko omkhulu kakhulu. Leli bhere livame kakhulu emazweni ahlukene esiwashilo ezigabeni ezedlule, ngenxa yalesi sizathu lithathwe njengesilwane esihlala njalo esibaluleke kakhulu ezindaweni eziningi zemvelo.
Uboya
Uhlobo loboya leli bhere elinalo aluthambile nhlobo. Ngokuphambene nalokho, lena inhlamba yonke indawo, futhi iwugqinsi impela, a isici sebhere elibukwayo, ukuthi uboya buvame ukukhula kancane kancane futhi buhlale isikhathi eside. Uboya bayo obuningi buvame ukuba nombala omnyama oshubile, nakuba kwezinye izibonelo kuye kwaba yindaba yokuba khona kombala obiza kakhulu, njengohlobo lwekhofi elinsundu.
Kungahlukaniswa nokuthi kwezinye izimo, ama-specimens azalwa enezindawo ezihluke ngokuphelele, ezivumela ukuthi zikhombane futhi ziqaphelane. Kufanele kuqashelwe ukuthi isikhumba salezi zilwane siba ngenxa yezimo zezulu ezenzeka ezindaweni lapho kuhlala khona amabhere.
Cara
Ngokuqondene nobuso bakhe, lezi ziyisici ngempela, ngenxa yezinye izici ezikhona kuwo. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, umhlathi ezinawo awuzwani nhlobo futhi umude ngandlela-thile, oqukethe ama-molars athile abanzi esakhiweni sawo, awusizo kakhulu lapho ukuhlafuna ukudla ekudlayo. Ubuso bakhe buyindingilizi ngandlela-thile, nakuba ngesikhathi esifanayo bubude kancane, ngokuqondene nekhala lakhe, livame ukuba lincane, ukwakheka kwentamo yakhe kuminyene impela, izindlebe zakhe zincane, zihlale ziqinile, futhi ziyindilinga ngasikhathi sinye. . Amehlo akhe mancane ngosayizi. Ngokuqondene nomuzwa wakhe wokuhogela, lokhu kunamandla kakhulu.
Ingozi yokuqothulwa
Njengezilwane eziningi ze- páramo, ibhere elibukwayo lingelinye lalezo ezisengozini ngokuphelele, iqiniso elibeka ngokushesha engozini yokushabalala, ngenxa yobunzima elihlale libhekene nalo. Ngalokhu, kancane kancane izibonelo ezihlukene zezinhlobo zezilwane ziye zanyamalala ngokungaziwa okukhulu.
Izimbangela
Kunezimbangela ezehlukene ezibeke izinhlobo zamabhere ezibukwayo engcupheni yokushabalala ezindaweni ezihlukahlukene ezihlala kuzo njengamanje. Nazi ezinye zezimbangela ezivame kakhulu:
Ukuguqulwa kwendawo yazo yemvelo
Imisebenzi ehlukene yezolimo eyenziwa umuntu iye yathinta kabi izindawo ezihlukene leli bhere elivame ukuhlala kuzo. Ngenxa yocwaningo oluthile olwenziwe, kuye kwaqinisekiswa ukuthi imvelo eminingi ezingeni elijwayelekile ayinayo indawo eyanele yokuhlala yalezi zilwane, ngoba ngokuvamile, ngokungatholi izinsiza ezidingekayo endaweni yazo, izimo akuzona ezilungele kakhulu ukukhula kwayo okunempilo nokugcwele.
Kufanele kuqashelwe ukuthi ezikhathini eziningi i-ecosystem iye yathinteka ngenxa yokwakhiwa kwezindawo zokuhlala emadolobheni, okuhlanganisa nokuvulwa kwezindlela ezintsha eziluhlaza eseziphenduke imigwaqo emikhulu, eyakhiwe eduze nezindawo eziluhlaza lapho kuhlala khona amabhere abukwayo. Ngenxa yalokho, kuba nokushoda okuthile kwezimila, okuyisici esibaluleke ngempela kulezi zilwane njengoba ukudla kwazo kusekelwe ezitshalweni.
Ukuzingela ngokungakhethi
Ibhere elibukwayo lingaphansi kokuzingela okwenziwa umuntu njalo futhi njalo. Lokhu ngenhloso eyodwa yokuthola inyama yabo ukuze bayimakethe. Ukusetshenziswa kwezinye zezitho zaso, njengenyongo, kuwuhlobo lwesitho esisetshenziselwa ukwelapha. Ngalo myalelo ofanayo wemibono, ezikhathini zasendulo kwakuthandwa kakhulu ukubamba la mabhere, embukisweni, lokhu kwenziwa emazweni aseNingizimu Melika.
Ngenxa yemiphumela ethile edalulwa ukwehluleka kwendawo yokuhlala lezi zilwane, kufanele kuqashelwe ukuthi ezimweni eziningi amabhere aphoqeleka ukuthi axazulule ukudla kwawo ngokudla inyama yenkomo, ngakho abanikazi balezi zilwane bavame ukuqothula amabhere anamabhere. isibindi sokudla inyama yenkomo.
Izenzo zokulondoloza
Uma sibheka amaqiniso esiwaveze ngaphambilini, kubalulekile ukugqamisa ukuthi ezingeni lamazwe ngamazwe, kuye kwavezwa amaphrojekthi athile avumela ukuthuthukiswa kokulondolozwa kwalezi zinhlobo zamabhere abukwayo. Ezinye zalezi zenzo zakhiwe kanje:
Ukunwetshwa kwezindawo
Ukuthuthukiswa kwalolu hlelo kubaluleke kakhulu futhi kubaluleke kakhulu, okuhlose ukuthuthukisa izindawo eziluhlaza, okungukuthi, imvelo eminingi lapho ibhere elibukwayo likhona, ngenhloso yokuthi amabhere angakwazi ukusebenza ngokujwayelekile okuphelele kanye nezikhala ezishiwo, ukuphatha thola kubo inzuzo enkulu kakhulu ukuze baphile ngokugcwele.
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=OnXRTB5EF_8
Control
Ukulawulwa kwezindawo ezithile kubaluleke kakhulu, njengoba kufanele kugadwe njalo uma kulandelwa imithethonqubo, lokhu kusho ukuthi ngalokhu izinga lokuzingela kufanele lilawuleke, okungukuthi, kufanele lehle kakhulu.
Ngokulandelayo, lokhu kulawula kusho ukubhekwa njalo kwezinsongo ezihlukahlukene ezivela ngokungaguquguquki endaweni yokuhlala yamabhere, ukuze ngale ndlela kube nokwenzeka ukulawula izinsongo ezihlukahlukene ezivela endaweni yemvelo yamabhere.
Izinhlelo zokusebenza
Imiphakathi eminingi yamazwe ngamazwe iye yazihlanganisa ukuze izuze ukuvikelwa hhayi nje kuphela kwezinhlobonhlobo zezinto eziphilayo ezinhle ezitholakala kuwo wonke amahlathi aseMelika, ukuze ingavikeli nje amabhere kuphela, kodwa nezinhlobo ezithile zezilwane ezitholakala engozini yokushabalala.
Phakathi kwezinhlelo esezicutshunguliwe, zaze zasetshenziswa, wukuqwashisa umphakathi, ngokubamba izingxoxo ezifundisayo ukuze kulondolozwe izitshalo nezilwane ezikhona kulezi zindawo.
Ngakolunye uhlangothi, amazwe anjengeVenezuela neColombia, awayeki amasu awo okufaka isandla kule nkinga, lawa mazwe ashintshisane kaningi ngezinhlelo namasu ahlukahlukene abe negalelo elikhulu ekulondolozweni kwalezi zindawo.
Kufanele kuqashelwe ukuthi iColombia, njengoba iyizwe elixube kakhulu, yenze iminikelo eminingi ebambe iqhaza ekubuyiselweni kwezindawo zayo eziyizifanekiselo, ukuze iqhubeke nokulondoloza izinhlobo zayo ezikhona.
I-Ecuador nePeru azikude kakhulu, lawa mazwe amabili nawo aguquke ngokwezinqubomgomo zokugcinwa kwemvelo, futhi alawula ukuqapha izindawo eziluhlaza, lapho kutholakala khona lezi zibhere ezibukwayo, ukuze kuzuzwe ukunciphisa izindawo ezihlukahlukene zamahlathi. Kuyaqapheleka nokuthi bakhiphe izindawo zasemakhaya lapho abantu bezame khona ukuthatha izindawo zezilwane.
Njengamanje kunenqubekelaphambili eminingi kanye nemiphumela etholwe ngenxa yalezi zinqubomgomo zokuvikela, nokho, izivumelwano ezintsha ziye zasetshenziswa phakathi kwamazwe avumela lokhu kunakekela ukuba kwandiswe, kufinyelelwe ezivumelwaneni ezithile ezihamba ngalé kokuvikela izindawo ezizungezile.
Baphinde bafune ukulondoloza ukunwetshwa kwezimila ezihlanganisa iBolivia nePeru. Kodwa-ke, inani lomhlaba likhulu kangangokuthi nalezi zinsuku kusekhona izitokwe zezindawo noma izingxenye ezingenakho ukuvikeleka okudingekayo kokulondolozwa okufunwayo, nokho-ke imizamo ayipheli.
Injani indawo yebhere elibukwayo?
Indawo yokuhlala yebhere elibukwayo yakhiwe uchungechunge lwezici ezihlukahlukene kakhulu, kucatshangelwa ukuthi esinye sezici zebhere elibukwayo siwukuphila endaweni ezungezile eshisayo ngokuphelele, eyakhiwe iziqephu ezinkulu zomhlaba. Lezi zindawo zivame ukuveza izimo ezidingekayo kuzo zonke izinhlobo zezilwane ezifukamelayo. Kufanele futhi sigcizelele ukuthi izimo zezulu zivuma ngokuphelele, hhayi ezilwaneni kuphela, kodwa nasezitshalweni.
Kubaluleke kakhulu ukusho ukuthi izici zebhere ezibukwayo ukuthi ngezinye izikhathi bavame ukukhosela noma ukukhosela kwezinye izinhlobo zezihlahla, lapho bezizwa bekhululekile ngokuphelele. Kumele kuqashelwe ukuthi lesi sigaba samabhere asivamile ukuzizwa simnandi ezindaweni ezingenawo amahlathi, njengoba iningi lawo livame ukuhlala ngaphansi kwehlathi. Isimo sezulu esishisayo futhi njalo kuma-moors.
Ezweni lasePeru, leli yizwe elinokuhlukahluka okukhulu, ngakho-ke amabhere abukeka kalula avame ukutholakala kalula, nokho, kunezindawo lapho izitshalo ezidinga ukuzondla zikhula kalula.
Kungakho, lapho indawo ingabavumeli ukuthi bondle kahle, ibhere lizofuna ukuthuthela ezindaweni ezilisizayo ukuthi lizondle njalo. Ngokwengxenye yalo, umswakama ungenye yezakhi okumelwe zibe khona endaweni yokuhlala yebhere elibukwayo, ngenxa yalesi sizathu, ukukhetha kwayo kuyohlale kuwukuyibeka ehlathini elinomswakama ngokuphelele.
Sifinyelele ekugcineni kokuthunyelwe kwethu, sesithuthukise ngendlela egculisayo ulwazi oludingekayo mayelana nazo zonke izici nezimfanelo leli bhere elikhulu elinazo. Sithemba ukuthi ulwazi olunikeziwe lube usizo oluphelele kuwe, mfundi othandekayo.