Izinyoni, njengezinye izinhlobo zezilwane, zinezimpawu ezifanayo ezizihlukanisa zibe isigaba esisodwa, eziningi zalezi zimpawu ezivamile zihlobene nezimpaphe zazo, amathambo azo, izimbotshana zazo ngisho noqhwaku nemilenze yazo, kulokhu kungena sizobona izici zezinyoni ukufunda okwengeziwe ngalezi zilwane.
Izici eziyinhloko zezinyoni
Izinyoni zihlanganyela izici eziningi nezinye izinhlobo ezindizayo, nakuba kunezizukulwane eziningi kanye nemindeni engaphansi kwalesi sigaba sezilwane, ezinye zazo zizochazwa ngezansi, kuqalwe ngokuthi ziyizilwane ezinomgogodla ezikwazi ukuhamba ngamachopho angaphezulu (amaphiko namaphiko) futhi uhambe noma ugxume nabaphansi. Zinezimpiko njengomkhiqizo wokuvela kwezinhlobo zezilwane, nokho ezinye zingandiza kanti ezinye azikwazi, ezinye zinezimpaphe ezinde kakhulu kanti ezinye zifushane kakhulu, ezinye zinkulu kanti ezinye zincane kakhulu.
Ngokomlando, umsuka walesi sigaba uhlehlela emuva kuma-theropod dinosaurs, okuyiwo ane-bipedal, kwenzeka ukuthi lezi zilwane zasinda ekuqothulweni kwazo zonke ezinye izinhlobo zama-dinosaurs ezazihlala emhlabeni ngaleso sikhathi, kodwa ngemisebe. okwasala ezinyonini kwavela emhlabeni, eqinisweni ukuzihlukanisa kwezinye kwakungeyona njalo inqubo elula eyayisebenzisa i-morphology ukuzehlukanisa.
Isici sesibili esifanayo esingabonakala ukuthi zonke zijwayele ukuzalela, zondla amaphuphu azo ngaphakathi kwesidleke nangaphandle ngoqhwaku lwazo, ziyafuduka lapho isimo sezulu sishintsha izinga lokushisa, ziyakhwelana futhi zizalane ngezinkathi ezithile zonyaka futhi ziyahamba. igcinwa ngamaqembu noma imihlambi, ngokusobala eziningi zazo zabelwa ezinye izigaba ezifana nezilwane ezincelisayo.
Esinye isici esiyinhloko ukuthi lezi zilwane zilula ngesisindo, nakuba ezinye zazo zikhulu kakhulu futhi zingaba nesisindo esingaphezu kwamakhilogremu angu-150, ingxenye enkulu yazo ingaba nesisindo esingamagremu kuphela futhi ibe yincane kakhulu, eyenza indiza yabo ibe lula futhi ikhulise isivinini sabo. , nakuba ijubane lihlobene nokuma kwamaphiko ayo.
izimpaphe zezinyoni
Okokuqala nje, okuzihlukanisa kwezinye izinhlobo ukuthi isikhumba sazo asimanzi kodwa somile futhi zinezinyoni ezingafani nezinye izinhlobo zezilwane, lokhu kuzivumela ukuba zindize nakuba zikhona ezingakwenzi lokho futhi azivumele futhi ukuba zindize. zishise ukuze zilawule izinga lokushisa lemizimba yazo. Zibonisa izimpaphe zazo ukuze zihlangane nabalingani bezinhlobo zazo, ukuze zibonakale futhi zizihlukanise komunye nomunye, futhi zize zizifihle endaweni.
Zonke izinyoni zikhipha izimpaphe zazo kanjalo Izinyoka Spain bakhipha isikhumba sabo, babuye bahlanzwe noma bazilungise ngokwabo usuku nosuku ngoqhwaku ukuze basuse ukungcola noma izinhlayiya okungafanele zibe khona. Mayelana nokundiza, cishe zonke zingandiza, kodwa cishe zingama-60 zezinhlobo ezikhona azikwazi ukwenza kanjalo.Kuyabonakala ukuthi lezo ezikwaziyo zingahluka ngokwesimo ngoba uhlobo ngalunye lunokujwayelana nendlela yalo yokuphila okushintsha indlela yalo yokundiza. futhi unikeza ngayinye isitayela.
Kunomehluko ekundizeni ngenxa yokuma kwezimpaphe:
- Izimpaphe ezimfushane: Izinyoni ezinezimpaphe ezimfishane zingaba izinkukhu, ama-partridges
- Izimpaphe ezinde: Ezinye izibonelo zalezi zinyoni ama-hummingbirds, amaphigogo, iziqophamithi, izinkozi, ondlunkulu, phakathi kwezinye.
- Izimpaphe zeRudimentary: Lezi yilezo ezilingisa ukuba nezinwele.
- Ezingenazimpaphe: Amaphengwini ayisibonelo esihle kakhulu sezinyoni ezingenazimpaphe, azinazo izimpaphe futhi azinawo amaphiko okundiza, empeleni zingamaphiko azivumela ukuthi zibhukude ngokushesha.
Amaphiko aphinde abeke uhlobo lokundiza akwenzayo, indlela abukeka ngayo kanye nendawo lapho agcinwa khona:
- Okukhonjiwe: Izinyoni ezinamaphiko amancane naqondile zikwazi ukundiza ngokushesha uma kuqhathaniswa nezinye izinhlobo zezilwane.
- Okuyindilinga: Lezo ezinamaphiko amaningi abanzi nayindilinga zihlala eduze futhi azisheshi ukundiza.
- Ngesimo seminwe: Kunezinyoni ezinamaphiko njengeminwe, njengamanqe. Zibaphethe ezihlokweni zamaphiko futhi kwenza kube lula kuzo ukundizela phezulu.
abaningi bazotholakala izinyoni sici Ngenxa yemibala yayo egqamile, imibala ngempela iyinto ehlukile yezinyoni engenakuqhathaniswa nezinye izinhlobo zombuso. Yebo zikhona izilwane ezingavamile ezinemibala emangalisayo kodwa izinyoni zinenani elikhulu lemibala ehlukahlukene kakhulu ekilasini lazo lonke.
Mayelana nokufuduka kwezinyoni, kukhona ezinye ezifuduka kakhulu kunezinye, kodwa lezo ezenza njalo zivame ukundiza ngokuhambisana nezinye izinyoni ezindiza eqenjini. Lokhu bakwenza lapho amazinga okushisa eshintsha ngokwezikhathi zonyaka, njengoba abanye bengakwazi ukumelana nobusika obubandayo noma ihlobo elishisa kakhulu, ngakho bayanyakaza baye kwezinye izindawo lapho inkathi idlula. Bakwenzela nokubheka ukudla kwezinye izindawo uma besezinhlelweni zoku Ukuzalanisa Ezinyonini.
Ngemuva kokufuduka, ubheka izindawo zokuhlala ngenkathi kudlula isizini, izindawo ezinhle kakhulu zokwakha izidleke zazo kanye namaphuphu azo azozalwa. Ucwaningo olwenziwa ukuze kutholwe indlela abaqonda ngayo lapho besohambweni luye lwafinyelela iziphetho ezibonisa ukuthi basebenzisa ilanga ukuze baziqondise, ngaphezu kokuhogela nenkumbulo abagcina ngakho amaphuzu okubhekisela abaye bawabona ohambweni oludlule, abanye futhi iyazwela kumasimu kagesi.
amathambo ezinyoni
Ngokuqondene namathambo abo, amanye awo anezimbobo emathanjeni eziwavumela ukuba abe nokuhamba okungcono nokukhanya komzimba wawo, kuyilapho umgogodla wawo unama-vertebrae amaningi endaweni yentamo ukuze akwazi ukuguquguquka kakhudlwana, konke lokhu kuvumelana nokuthuthukiswa. ikhono lokundiza nokuhamba abanalo. Iminwe yezinyoni (emine) iwahlukanisa ngamaqembu amaningana:
Ama-anisodactyls yilawo aneminwe emithathu ngaphambili nowodwa ngemuva, kuyilapho ama-syndactyls abonakala ehlangene iminwe yawo. Ama-zygodactyls, ngakolunye uhlangothi, aneminwe emibili phambili neminwe emibili ngemuva, ama-pamprodactyls aneminwe emine ngaphambili, okubavimbela ukuba bahambe noma bagxume endaweni ethile. Ekugcineni, ama-heterodactyl aneminwe emithathu nemine ebheke phambili kanye neminwe eyodwa nemibili ebheke emuva, ngokungafani nama-zygodactyls, aneminwe emibili nemithathu ngaphambili neminwe eyodwa nemine ngemuva.
Ama-gizzards nama-spikes
Igiza liyingxenye yemizimba yabo okuthi ezinye izinhlobo zakhiwe ukuze zigaye ukudla ezikudlayo, ezinye zidla amatshe ukuze zigaye bese zigaya ngegiza. Le ngxenye iwavumela ukuthi agcine ukudla esakeni lawo emazolo futhi ngaleyo ndlela akuyise lapho amaphuphu azo ewaphakela khona.
Ngokuqondene noqhwaku lwazo, lesi simo somlomo wabo asifani nalesi sigaba sezilwane, ezinye izinhlobo nazo zinabo njengezimfudu, ama-platypus, ama-octopus, phakathi kwezinye. Kodwa izinyoni azinawo amazinyo futhi lokho kuzivumela ukuba zizondle, zihehe abesifazane bohlobo lwazo, zifune ukudla ezindaweni ezahlukene nezinye izinto. Kuye ngokuma kwayo, ubukhulu bayo namandla ayo, inyoni izodla ezinye izinto hhayi ezinye, ngokufanayo nenani lokudla elizongena emlonyeni wayo lizohambisana nalezi zici.
Kunezinhlobo eziningana zoqhwaku ezinyonini:
- Kukhona uqhwaku olugobile nolushukiwe olufana nezinyoni ezidla inyama, lezi zilungele izinyoni ezidla izithelo nembewu.
- Futhi imilomo emise okomkhonto, ilungele izinyoni ezidla izilwane zasemanzini.
- Kukhona nemilomo emide futhi emincane kakhulu ezingadla ngayo izinambuzane, nazo zingaba zinde futhi zibe namandla ukuze izinyoni zidle inyama yezinye izinyoni noma ezinye izinhlobo zezilwane.
- Kukhona imilomo emise okweshubhu, lezi azivamile kodwa zitholwa izinyoni ezine-nectarivorous futhi ngazo zikwazi ukufinyelela izimbali kalula.
- Noqhwaku oluqinile nolufushane oluwuphawu lwezinyoni ezidla izindwani noma izinyoni ezidla imbewu.
Ezinye izici
- Izinyoni azikho kahle kakhulu ngokwenzwa yazo yokuhogela, ngokungafani nezinye izilwane ezincelisayo ezikwazi ukuhogela ukusuka kumamitha kude, ezinye izinyoni azinawo umuzwa othuthukile.
- Ngakolunye uhlangothi, umuzwa wabo wokubona uthuthuke kakhulu, okudingeka ukwazi ukuthi zindiza amabanga amade. Kodwa izinhlobo ezinjengokhozi zinekhono lokubona ngendlela engenakuqhathaniswa nelezinye izilwane.
- Izinzwa zabo zokuzwa nazo zinhle kakhulu futhi ezinye zazo zine-echolocation, njengezinhlobo eziningana zasolwandle.
- Izinyoni zifana ngokufana nabantu futhi kumayelana namandla ezinikezwa isitho sazo sezwi okuthiwa i-syrinx, izinyoni zingahlanganisa amanothi amaningana futhi zikhiqize imiculo njengabantu nje ngezwi labo.
- Ngokuqondene nokubhanqa kwabo, bangaba nesithembu futhi babe munye, okungukuthi, bangahlala nomlingani oyedwa ukuphila kwabo konke noma ukukhiqiza kuphela futhi bangaba nabalingani abaningi, konke kuzoxhomeka ezinhlobonhlobo.
Umehluko phakathi komunye nomunye
Ngaphambilini, izici ezabiwe yizinhlobo eziningi zomndeni wezinyoni zashiwo, kodwa zihluka kakhulu futhi ngezindlela ezihlukahlukene:
- Ngenxa yokuma koqhwaku lwazo nezinzipho zazo, okuyisimo sokudla kwazo nendlela ezizingela ngayo inyamazane yazo.
- Ziyahlukahluka ekuziphatheni kwazo, ezinye ziyafuduka kanti ezinye ziyizakhamuzi, ngakho umzimba wazo ushintshwa ngezindlela ezahlukene ukuze umelane noma ungashintshi izinga lokushisa. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ezinye zihamba ebusuku kanti ezinye zihamba emini, ngakho zimatasatasa ukuzingela nokucula emini noma ebusuku.
- Ukuma kwemizimba yabo nakho kuyabahlukanisa, kunezinyoni ezinkulu kakhulu ngenxa yemilenze yazo noma izimpaphe zazo, isibonelo salokhu amapigogo namaflamingo, inyoni ingakwazi ukukala amamilimitha angama-64 futhi inesisindo esicishe sibe ngamagremu amathathu, kanti intshe linganisa cishe amamitha ama-3 futhi nesisindo esingamakhilogremu ayi-3.