El ukubhuqa I-raptor etholakala eMelika, e-Afrika, e-Asia, e-India, e-Europe nakwamanye amazwe omhlaba, zaziwa ngokubheka inyamazane yazo ezulwini, zilindele ukuthi zife zidle ngoqhwaku lwazo oluqinile noluqinile. Kulokhu okuthunyelwe uzofunda okwengeziwe mayelana nokuzala kwabo, ukondla, phakathi kwezinye izinto.
I-Buitres
Inqe inyoni enkulu kakhulu futhi esindayo, le nyoni iyinyoni edla inyama, enoqhwaku olukhulu, ayilingani futhi ihlaba; intamo yayo ende enqunu imbozwe izimpaphe ezincane ezimhlophe eziyenza ibonakale iyingqayizivele, ingahlukaniswa futhi iqaphele ukuthi esisekelweni sayo inomgexo owugqinsi futhi ophawulekayo wezimpaphe ezinhle ngokusebenzisa lesi silwane.
Enye yezinhlobo eziyinhloko zamanqe yinqe okuthiwa i-griffon vulture, elibizwa kanjalo emazweni amaningana, lisuka e- izinyoni ezidla ukudla Lena inalelo gama ngenxa yamathoni ansundu ebhubesi ahlukene futhi ahlukahlukene atholakala kuwo wonke umzimba wayo. Isici esihlukile sezimpawu zaso ukuthi unamabala amancane amabili anempandla esifubeni sakho, lokhu kuveza isikhumba esimnandi sesilwane kanye nokuqina kwemizwa yaso.
Izici
Lezi, ngaphezu kwezimpaphe zazo ezikhangayo, zinezinzipho ezinkulu, ngokuhamba kwesikhathi ziye zalahlekelwa amandla ezinyoni zeqiniso ezidla inyama, lezi zinzipho zinemiphetho emibili emide nencane ezipikili ezincane ezisetshenziwe, kodwa uma nje lokhu kunjalo kungabonisa ukuthi inqe ayiziphilisa ngokuzingela. Abantu abanzima kakhulu bavame ukukala phakathi kwamasentimitha ayi-120 kanye nobubanzi bamaphiko obudlula amamitha angu-2 nohhafu, kanye nesisindo esingamakhilogremu angu-11 okungenani.
Lezi zilwane, ngamaculo azo nje, kulula ukuhlukanisa lezo ezingabantu abadala kulezo ebezilokhu zikhula. Owokuqala ukhombisa umbala osugugile kakhulu futhi ngokuhamba kwesikhathi ungcolisa unqenqema kanye noqhwaku olunemibala yethambo.
Kulesi sigaba esithuthukisiwe, iris yeso iboniswa ngombala wasolwandle kuyilapho, ngakolunye uhlangothi, lezo ezincane zivame ukuveza imibala egqamile egqamile, njengasezimpapheni zazo, okunsundu okuhle ngokukhanyayo, futhi kulokhu. isigaba uqhwaku luthule Umnyama futhi unamehlo amnyama. Abanye ochwepheshe bathi umehluko omncane ngosayizi nokuma kogebhezi.
Izinkomba ezibukwayo ezingasiza ukuhlukanisa abesilisa nabesifazane yilokho okubizwa ngokuthi yi-sexual dimorphism, okuyinto kulokhu okunzima ukuyichaza, kulula ukuyibona lapho indiza ngokugcwele, ngoba i-silhouette yabo lapho isemoyeni. kubonakala ngamaphiko amakhulu amaphethelo ayindilinga aqedwe ngezimpaphe futhi ahlukaniswe ngendlela enikeza umbono odume kakhulu wezinhlobo zezilwane.
Kungaleso sikhathi lapho izimpaphe zamaphiko kanye nalezo zomsila omfishane omise okwefeni zimnyama bhuqe, imigqa emhlophe ivamile futhi okusele okusalayo kunombala onsundu ngokugqamile kokuncane futhi kumnyama kwabancane.
Lezi zilwane azibhayizi amaphiko azo anoma yiluphi uhlobo, njengoba kubonakala sengathi zizidedela kahle futhi kunjalo, imisebe yokuqala yelanga ishisa izindimbane ezithile zomoya okuthi, ngenxa yokwehluka kwezinga lokushisa nokucindezela, kwakheke. imisinga yokushisa ekhuphukayo eyaziwa kakhulu, umthombo wemvelo owazi ukuxhaphaza lezi zinyoni.
Izinzuzo zalolu hlelo lokundiza ziyabonakala, lezi zinyoni ezisindayo zithuthuka esibhakabhakeni ngokusebenzisa amandla amancane futhi uma izimo zezulu zivuma, zithatha uhambo olude zifuna ukudla, ngaleyo ndlela zikwazi ukuzihlukanisa nezidleke zazo endaweni engaphezu kwamakhilomitha ayi-100. . Imisinga ehlukahlukene isetshenziswa kuye ngezidingo zesikhashana, ezinye zisetshenziselwa ukuzuza ukuphakama.
Umoya wasekuseni uyisisetshenziswa semvelo futhi esiwusizo ngempela futhi esivamile ezintabeni. Imisinga yomoya eshayisana ezigodini nayo iyasetshenziswa futhi nakuba indlela evamile yokuhamba yenziwa ngokushintshana kwezigaba zokuphakama okuvunguzayo okulandelwa imizila emide evundlile lapho kancane kancane ilahlekelwa ukuphakama, kodwa Ziyithola kanjani le misinga yomoya futhi zifinyelele ibanga elide kangaka esibhakabhakeni?
Kuye kwaqinisekiswa ukuthi amanye amanqe abheka indawo engaphezulu kwamamitha angu-3.000 ukuphakama futhi nokuthi abona kahle kakhulu, cishe ahlala eyifinyelela ngombono othuthukisiwe wobuchwepheshe. Ukubona kubaluleke kakhulu kuwo wonke amanqe, phakathi kwawo lokhu kuwumthetho wegolide ngoba ekusebenzelaneni okubaluleke kakhulu ukungalahlekelwa ukubonana, ngakho-ke, bonke abantu eqenjini bazozama ukuthola umakhelwane oseduze.
Ngamanye amazwi, baluka inethiwekhi yamanqe axhumene futhi uma usuku lulungile, kuzothatha isikhathi ngaphambi kokuba umuntu akuthole lokho akulangazelelayo. Amanqe aziwa ngokuzinakekela ngokuba khona kwezinye izinyoni, azungeze umholi wephakethe ukuze athole ukudla. Owokuqala ukuzingela cishe njalo izimpondo, amagwababa, njll.
Esinye isici semvelo esingavamile futhi esinelukuluku ukuthi ngaphambi kokudla inyama ezingelwayo, cishe njalo kubangela umdanso othakazelisayo ezungeze inyama. Akhombisa amapeck, ukusunduza, nokuklwebheka lapho ezingela futhi aphawule imithetho ebekwe yindlala, okuwukuvula amaphiko awo kabanzi ukuze andise ubukhulu bawo futhi ngaleyo ndlela zisongele, zithuthuke futhi zelule izintamo zazo, noma zibonise izinzipho zazo ezibuthakathaka ngaphambili njengophawu lokusongela. .
Wonke lawa amasu athusayo aqondakala kalula kanye nokuthinta komzimba. Okubalulekile kumanqe wukubukisa nokuhlonishwa, uma kungasebenzi lokhu kuyawabulala kwazise nezilwane ezikhonya kakhulu azinqeni ukuwahlasela ngqo. Phakathi nokulwa, ukukhiqizwa kwamathe kwalezi zilwane kubi, konke lokhu njengokubonakaliswa kokujwayela okumangalisayo kokugaya kwalezi zilwane ezidla ezinye.
Amajusi ayo ayinkimbinkimbi asebenza njengesidakamizwa semvelo ngokumelene nezifo ezibulalayo zemvelo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, kungabhekwa ukuthi amanqe adlala indima ebalulekile ekugcineni isimo sezempilo semikhakha yethu kanye nomhlaba wonke, i-ecosystem.
Inqe lizibonakalise lithembele kakhulu emihlambini yemfuyo yabantu futhi, uma iminyaka emnyama yobhubhane lwezinkomo nezingulube isinqotshiwe, isimo samanqe siphinde sizinze ngendlela emangalisayo, nakuba usongo oluqhubekayo lwezitha zalezi zinyoni lungabangela. izisulu eziningana ziwa futhi zibenze ingxenye yesistimu yakho yokudla okukhethekile.
Izinhlobo zamanqe
Uma kuthiwa amanqe, kubhekiselwa kumabili Izinhlobo zezinyoni abangenabo ngempela ubuhlobo obuhle komunye nomunye, la maqembu angabizwa ngokuthi awezwe elidala nalawo omhlaba omusha, kwelinye ngalinye kukhona uchungechunge lomehluko omkhulu:
- Amanqe Omhlaba Omdala: Kungaba yilawo manqe angakubo I-Accipitridae lapho ama-eagles nama-goshawks afakiwe, ngokuvamile lezi zinhlobo zitholakala emazwenikazi ase-Afrika, e-Asia nase-Europe.
- Amanqe Omhlaba Omusha: Leli qembu lesibili lihlanganisa okuthiwa amanqe aseMelika, ahlanganisa nama-condor. Eqinisweni, amanqe aseMelika awahlobene ngempela namanqe Ezwe Elidala. Babizwa kanjalo ngoba iningi labo lihlala eMelika.
Ukudla
Imibhoshongo yemvelo iyindlela engokoqobo yokuqonda umjikelezo wokuphila oyinkimbinkimbi wale nto, lowo wokudla nokungadliwa. Izilwane ezizingelayo kanye nezilwane ezizingelayo ezinkulu ziphila ukuphila okusekelwe ekuxosheni, ekuzingeleni nasekubulaleni ezinye izilwane njengoba zidla kuzo.
Amandla kuleli cala asakazwa ngokuyisisekelo ngokungenisa inyama, ama-ghouls noma izinyoni ezidla ukudla Bathwesa umqhele we-trophic pyramid, laba abadla izidumbu abanolwazi bafeza umsebenzi obalulekile wenhlanzeko emvelweni, ngaleyo ndlela basuse imithombo ethathelwanayo kanye nodoti ukuthi abakwenzayo kungcolisa iplanethi.
Ukuzala
E-Spain, ikoloni elisekela inani elikhulu kakhulu labantu balolu hlobo linamapheya angaphezu kuka-680 abhalisiwe kuze kube manje futhi izimpilo zabo ziphawulwe ngokujulile ngesikhathi sokuzala. Intshiseko, ukuzalela kanye nokukhuliswa kwamatshwele kucabanga ukuzinikela okuphelele cishe kwezinyanga eziyisishiyagalolunye eziqhubekayo lapho kungezona ezinsikazi kuphela eziphethe ukunakekela amaqanda, kodwa futhi namaduna anomsebenzi.
Ekuqaleni kukaDisemba, abantu abadala abahlaliseki futhi ukundiza okuhambisanayo kungenye yezinto ezikhethekile zenqe mayelana nokuqomisana, ngoba kwesinye isikhathi iduna nensikazi bayathintana phakathi nendiza. Okukodwa kwe izici zezinyoni ukuthi ezinye izinhlobo zezilwane kuphela, ukuthi ama-pair of vultures athembekile impilo yonke futhi abathandi bafinyelela umvuthwandaba wabo we-acrobatic nge-domes ephindaphindiwe edwaleni.
Indlela lezi zilwane ezikhetha ngayo ukuhlala kuzo ngalezo zinsuku ezifanayo ngoDisemba lapho zilungisa isidleke, nakuba ngalo mqondo zingezona abakhi abahle kakhulu, kodwa zinika isikhathi endaweni efanele yesidleke, zihlale zigwema ukubheka enyakatho futhi ngifuna lapho kungenzeka khona izindonga ezifulelwe ngisho nemigede. Uma lokhu sekwakhiwe, babeka iqanda elilodwa elingamasentimitha angu-9.
Owesilisa nowesifazane bahlanganyela umsebenzi wokuqinisekisa ukuthi izinga lokushisa kweqanda alehli ngaphansi kuka-42 degrees Celsius isikhathi eside njengoba lokhu kungase kubaluleke, futhi nakuba insikazi izohlale ibonisa ukuzinikela okukhulu kulokhu phakathi naso sonke isikhathi sokuzala, bobabili abazali. Bazoncika ngokuphelele komunye nomunye futhi imvula noma iqhwa ngeke livimbele laba bazali abanenkani ekutholeni isimangaliso sokuphila ngemva kwezinyanga ezimbili ezinde.
Uma ukuncelisa kulungile, ingane ishintsha ukubukeka kwayo ngokushesha nangempumelelo, idlula amakhilogremu angu-2 ezinsukwini ezingu-30 zokuqala. Ukugadwa kwabantu abadala kubaluleke kakhulu kulesi sigaba sokungakwazi ukuzivikela, njengoba ukunyakaza okungahlelwanga kahle, noma ilukuluku nje lengane, kungabangela ukuwa esidlekeni kube nemiphumela ebulalayo.
Nsuku zonke ilanga elikhazimulayo nemisebe yalo lingaba nomthelela omkhulu futhi uma sengeza kulokho imvula nomoya onamandla wasezintabeni, kuyokwazi ukuqonda ukuthi kubaluleke kangakanani ukuthi lezi zilwane zithembele endaweni yokukhosela yemizimba emikhulukazi. abantu Abadala.
Ezinyangeni ezimbalwa zokuqala abazali bayoba yikho konke okwenqe elincane, balethe ukudla osekulindelwe isikhathi eside futhi osekunesikhathi eside kulindelwe okugcinwe ngobusuku bawo, futhi lapho isikhathi sokuzala sesiphelile, izidleke ezilahliwe kanye nezinsalela ezihlakazekile ezizungeze imvelo zikhumbuza. ukuthi ukukhululwa kwabantu abasha, izindiza zabo zokuqala, nakuba zixakile, ngokushesha zibaholela ekuhloleni amakhona aseduze ngaphambi komhlaba.
Ekupheleni kwalesi sigaba, balungiselela ukuthatha uhambo olude lokufuduka oluya e-Afrika, noma okungenani yilokho okwenziwa iningi lalezi zilwane, inselele ezizoyidinga ukuze zilawule kahle imithetho yomoya, ezidinga, nazo, umnikelo omkhulu wokudla okuqinisekisa ukumelana nakho.
Ukuzivocavoca amaphiko kubalulekile futhi amanqe ayakwazi, yingakho lokhu kuba isenzo sansuku zonke salezi zilwane, zishiya izingane ngemuva zingena enkathini yobusha okuyothi ngemva kweminyaka emine ifinyelele umvuthwandaba ngokushisa kwazo kokuqala, umzuzu lapho zizobukeka khona. kumngane womshado futhi bazame ukwelula umkhaya wabo ezintabeni noma ngisho naso isidleke esawabona ezalwa futhi ezala.
ULeonardo Vulture
Izinhlobo ama-gyps Fuvus Njengoba isayensi yazi i-griffon vulture, uhlobo lwalo lunwebeka kuyo yonke indawo ye-arctic ephaphathekile nasenyakatho-ntshonalanga ye-Afrika, lufinyelele enkabeni ye-Asia, Arabia nase-Iran. Inani labantu base-Iberia elibalulekile, elisentshonalanga kakhulu, limelela i-95% yabo bonke abantu baseYurophu, kuyilapho eSpain okwamanje ikhula kancane futhi nakuba kuvamile kakhulu ukuthi lezi zilwane zivumelane nezimo ezigudle ugu, zisanda kufinyelela eziQhingini zaseBalearic. okusho ingqopha-mlando.
Ukunqamuka kwemifula nezimiso zezintaba zazo zonke izinhlobo kuye kwavuselelwa ngempumelelo eminyakeni engu-30 edlule, lokhu kuye kwabangela ukuba kwezinye izindawo isigaba sazo sangaphambili sezinhlobo ezisengozini yokushabalala sithathelwe indawo izinhlobo ezithakazelisa ngokukhethekile.
Ukuvikelwa okunikezwa yile ndlela yokuphila eyingozi yenqe kungenye yezihluthulelo zempumelelo yalo njengohlobo lwezilwane, ngale ndlela bakhetha izindonga ezime kakhulu kanye nemiphetho evelele kakhulu ukuze bahlale ezindaweni ezijabulisa ngempela lezi zilwane, ngoba bazofuna induduzo yabo nalapho bezizwa bekhululekile.
Ezindaweni zabo zokuhlala, eduze kwabo noma lapho amabala amhlophe ebonakala khona kunoma yiliphi idwala, intaba noma phansi, kufana nokuthi amanqe ahlala lapho ngoba la mabala abangelwa ukunqwabelana kwendle futhi lokhu kuwumkhondo olula. noma kuphi. Ngokuvamile kuyahlekisa ukubona lezi zinyoni zangempela eziphila buqamama, ukuphila kwazo kuxhumene ngokujulile nezinqaba ezinkulu zamatshe ezilenga esibhakabhakeni ezimelelwe njengezidleke zazo.
Nakuba kunezimo ezimbalwa zokuhlalisana kweqembu ngaphakathi kwe-oda lezinyoni ezidla inyama ezidlayo (into ezinye izinhlobo ezingena eqenjini lezinyoni ezihlanganyela nayo). ama-raptors asebusuku), inqe izisebenzisa ngokunenzuzo izinzuzo ezinikezwa ukuphila emphakathini, lolu hlobo lwakha izindawo eziqinile ezihlala kuzo izinyoni eziningi ngezinye izikhathi.