ngaphambi kokuchaza ayini amandla adonsela phansi , kubalulekile ukubheka umqondo wamandla adonsela phansi futhi kulesi sihloko sizoba nethuba lokwazi ngalinye lala maphuzu. Asibone:
Amandla adonsela phansi
Siyaqonda nge amandla adonsela phansi kuleso senzakalo semvelo lapho izingqikithi ezinobunzima zikhangwa phakathi kwazo, umphumela ophawulekayo ikakhulukazi ekusebenzelaneni phakathi kwezinkanyezi, i-nebulae nezinye izakhiwo ze-cosmos. Ingenye yezindlela ezine zokusebenzelana ezibangela ukushesha okubonwa yinyama ngaphandle kwesikhungo sesayensi yezinkanyezi. Kuphinde kuqokwe ukusebenzisana kwamandla adonsela phansi noma ngendlela efanayo ne-gravitation.
Uma isilwane esikhulu sitholakala emaphethelweni omhlaba, umbukeli osendleleni engaguquki esuka emhlabeni uzobala isivinini sento ebuswa ibheke emhlabeni. isifunda emaphakathi wathi Astro, uma into ingekho ngaphansi komphumela wamanye amandla. Endaweni yoMhlaba, isivinini esibangelwa amandla adonsela phansi singama-9,80665 m/s².
Umsuka wamandla adonsela phansi
Amandla adonsela phansi acatshangwa njengokunye kokusebenzelana okune okubalulekile okubonwa endalweni. Ibangela imisinga ngezinga elikhulu eliphawuleka endaweni yonke: ukuzungeza kweNyanga eduze noMhlaba, ukuzungeza kwezinkanyezi ezizungeze iLanga, phakathi kwezinye izici. KUYA izinga i-cosmological kubonakala kuwukusebenzelana okubalulekile, njengoba kubusa okuningi okuxakayo ngezikali ezinkulu (okunye ukusebenzisana okuthathu okubalulekile kuvelele ezikalini ezincane). I-Electromagnetism iveza enye ingxenye ye-anomalies enkulu, kuyilapho ukusebenzisana okunamandla nokusebenzelana okuphukayo kubalulekile kuphela ezingeni le-subatomic.
Ososayensi abasemthonjeni walokho okungamandla adonsela phansi
Igama elithi ''amandla adonsela phansi'' liphinde lisetshenziswe ukuhlukanisa umfutho kumandla adonsela phansi adidayo ngaphakathi indawo yezinkanyezi noma amasathelayithi. Ngalo mqondo, u-Isaac Newton waba ngowokuqala ukukhombisa ukuthi amandla abangela ukuthi izinto ziwe ngesivinini esingapheli eMhlabeni awusimo esifanayo futhi kulapho kukhulunywa khona ngokuthi yini amandla adonsela phansi. Kulolu hlelo lwemibono, kuphinde kuvezwe ukuthi amandla agcina amaplanethi nezinkanyezi zinyakaza abangelwa amandla adonsela phansi.
Ngokufanayo, lo mbono wamholela ekubeni asho eyokuqala i-hypothesis ephelele ye amandla adonsela phansi, ingqikithi yezinto ezixakile, eboniswe encwadini yakhe ethi Philosophiae Naturalis Emprende Mathematica.
Einstein, kuthiyori ye ukuhlobana ngokuvamile yenza ucwaningo olungalingani lokusebenzelana kwamandla adonsela phansi. Ngokwalokhu kucabangela, amandla adonsela phansi angaqanjwa njengomphumela wejiyomethri wesici sesikhathi sesikhala. Lapho iqoqo elithile lezinto lihlasela indawo yesikhathi sasemkhathini, liyibangela ukuba ingapheleli. Uma kubhekwa ngale ndlela, amandla adonsela phansi awasewona “amandla ayimfihlo athakazelayo”, kodwa umphumela obangelwa ukungapheleli kwesikhathi sendawo—esenzweni semizimba. Ngokuvumelana nalokho lo mbono oqinisekisayo, uma kubhekwa ukuthi zonke izinto ziyanyakaza ngesikhathi se-space-time, lapho lokhu konakala, indlela yalezo zizophambukiswa, kubangele isivinini sazo.
Ayini amandla adonsela phansi
Enkulumweni ye umthetho wamandla adonsela phansi, uNewton wacabanga ukuthi amandla adonsela phansi kanye nokusheshisa izinto kwakuyizinto ezimbili ezikude. U-Albert Einstein, eminyakeni engu-300 kamuva, wabonisa ukuthi kokubili okuxakayo kuwukubukeka okufanayo okufanayo. amandla kanye nesisindo esifanayo.
Ngakho-ke, ubuningi bobuvila buwukubekezela okulethwa ingqikithi kunoma yiluphi uguquko esigabeni salo, futhi isisindo samandla adonsela phansi siyinto eyodwa okufanele ilume ngayo abanye. Owokuqala uzenzakalela ngokuphenya inani lamandla adingekayo ukuze unikeze ukushesha okuthile entweni; okwesibili kubaluleke kakhulu ukucabanga into esekelwe umhlabathi.
Ngokunjalo, ukuxhumana phakathi kwalokhu okubili kuwubudlelwano obuvumelanayo, ngamanye amazwi, lapho ubukhulu bukhulu, amandla abalulekile ukuze ubuyisele isimo sakho sokuzola bese uyanyakaza. Ukusuka lapho kungenzeka ukuphendula ukuthi yini amandla amandla adonsela phansi.
Imithetho yesakhiwo sodumo kaNewton
Imithetho ye Newton zimelelwe kanje:
1. Umthetho wokuqala kaNewton
Umthetho wokuqala kaNewton usho lokho umzimba ku phendula iphikelela kanje uma ingaphoqelekile ukuthi iguqule futhi iqhubekisele phambili into ephilayo enyakazayo. Ukunyakazisa ngokushesha okufanayo nangendlela efanayo, uma kungadingekile ukushintsha.
2. Umthetho wesibili kaNewton
Lokhu kusho ukuthi amandla aqhubeka ku-essence ilingana nesisindo sesikhungo esiphindaphinda isivinini saso.
3. Umthetho Wesithathu kaNewton
Ebizwa ngokuthi Umthetho Wokwenza Nokusabela iqala ukuthi ngaso sonke isikhathi lapho into engu-1 inamandla kwenye i-essence eqokiwe 2, le enye into 2 izosebenzisa amandla alinganayo endaweni ephambene yento 1. Ngenxa yalokho, la mandla awavumelani njengoba kusetshenziswa imizimba ehlukene.
Umthetho we-Cosmopolitan Gravity
Okumangalisa kakhulu emithethweni yakhe kwakungowa amandla adonsela phansi endaweni yonke noma emhlabeni wonke, uNewton wathi ingxenyana ngayinye yendaba ikhanga enye ingxabano. Akukhona nje ukuthi isikhungo sensimu yama-apula sidilizwa emhlabeni, kodwa futhi i-apula ithumba umhlaba.
Lo mthetho usetshenziswa kuwo wonke amaplanethi. ILanga liyathakatha noma lihehe uMhlaba, lokhu kujabulisa iNyanga, kanye inyanga iyathakatha umhlaba. UNewton uveze ukuthi amandla phakathi kwezinhlangano ancike kubuningi bawo kanye nasekusondeleni kwawo.
Amandla adonsela phansi emhlabeni wethu
Amandla adonsela phansi avezwa ukhiye g futhi inani elihlangene lingu-9.80665 m/s. Idijithi iyalinganiselwa njengoba uMhlaba ungesiwo imbulunga ephelele futhi kukhona amaphuzu endaweni lapho amandla adonsela phansi ahlukahlukene.
Amandla adonsela phansi ezinkanyezi
Isisindo singaphansi ngokuqondile kwamandla adonsela phansi. Ngakho-ke, lapho ubukhulu bukhula, amandla adonsela phansi ayanda. Lesi yisizathu sokukhulelwa amandla adonsela phansi ezinkanyezi. Ngokuphathelene nalokhu okungenhla, amandla adonsela phansi nawo ayangenela esisindweni. Ngokufanayo, ukukhombisa ukuthi ungamandla adonsela phansi kunikeza isisindo esiye saguqulwa sisuka enkanyezini siye enkanyezini senza umthamo uqine endaweni yonke.
Iziphetho mayelana nokuthi ayini amandla adonsela phansi
Amandla adonsela phansi amandla alawula izinto ezisesimweni sokuphumula. Imiphumela yokuba khona kwamandla adonsela phansi kuwumphumela wocwaningo luka-Isaac Newton iziphetho zakhe zathuthukiswa U-Albert Einstein.
Ngokuvumelana nezindaba zangempela, uNewton, ngenkathi ebukele i-apula liwa esihlahleni, ukutholakala kokuthi uma isithelo nazo zonke ezinye izinto eziphilayo ziloywa umhlaba ngaphandle kokujabulela isivinini sasekuqaleni, Umhlaba kufanele ithathe amandla okuhlobana adinga ukuwela phezu kwayo.
Ngokufanayo, lena efanayo egcinayo inyanga emzileni oseduze nomhlaba. Kwenzeka okufanayo nangeLanga, nalo elisebenzisa amandla athonyayo ukuze lilondoloze uMhlaba nezinye izinkanyezi endaweni yawo.
Ekugcineni, uNewton wafinyelela esiphethweni sokuthi iyini amandla adonsela phansi kanye nokuthi kukhona futhi amandla alinganayo okuyenga phakathi kwazo zonke izinto eziphilayo.