Uyazazi izimfanelo zezilwane ezibabazeka kakhulu emhlabeni? Kuleli thuba sikunikeza konke mayelana nezici ze- izinyoni Raptors, sikumema ukuthi ufunde lokhu okuthunyelwe ukuze uthole ukuthi lezi zinyoni zikhethekile kangakanani. Funda ngezinhlobo zazo nokunye okwengeziwe lapha.
Ziyini izinyoni?
Ngaphambi kokuba siqale ukudiliza isihloko sethu esimaphakathi mayelana nezinyoni ezidla inyama, kufanele sibe nolwazi lwedatha ethile ezosisiza ukuba sizitholele endizeni yemvelaphi yenzalo yeqembu lezilwane elibizwa ngokuthi izinyoni.
Izinyoni, ngakolunye uhlangothi, ziphuma ezilwaneni ezihuquzelayo, lezi zibonakala ngokuba nezimpaphe eziguqukayo zisuka esikalini, zibe nenhliziyo ene-ventricle enamagumbi amabili, kanye nobuchopho obukhulu kunobezilwane ezihuquzelayo. Futhi banethambo elide lesifuba elibizwa ngokuthi lixhunywe yimisipha esetshenziselwa ukundiza "inyama emhlophe". Zonke izinyoni ekuqaleni zazikuhlomele ukundiza, nakuba ezinye njengentshe ziye zayishiya leyo ndlela yokuphila.
Izinyoni zinegazi elifudumele, izilwane ezihlala emanzini kanye nezilwane ezihuquzelayo zinegazi elibandayo, okungukuthi, izinga lokushisa lomzimba wazo lincike ekushiseni komoya okuzungezile. Yingakho izinyoka namaselesele zivilapha ekuseni, kungani zithanda ukuzijabulisa ngokushisa ilanga. Izinyoni, ngakolunye uhlangothi, zine-metabolism egcina izinga lokushisa lomzimba lingashintshi.
Ziyini izinyoni ezidla inyama?
Izinyoni ezidla inyama, noma ezibuye zibizwe ngokuthi izinyoni ezidla inyama, ziyizinyoni ezinkulu nezinkulu kakhulu embusweni wezilwane, zikhonjwa njengeqembu elihlukahlukene futhi elibanzi lezinhlobo zezilwane ezinesici esivamile sokudla inyama. Okuthi igama elithi raptor libhekiswe kubo.
Yiziphi izici eziyinhloko zezinyoni ezidla inyama?
Kunoma iyiphi i-ecosystem kukhona ubukhona bezinyoni, lezi zilwane ezimangalisayo zinezici eziphawuleka kakhulu ezizichaza kakhulu. I-morphology yezinyoni imelelwa i-phenotype efakazelwa uqhwaku oluqine kakhulu, oluvumela ukuthi yenze imisebenzi emikhulu esebenza ngokuphakelayo nokwenza imisebenzi engajwayelekile.
Ukwengeza, izinzipho zabo ziyisici esingeke sehluleke ukubalula, abasisebenzisa ngendlela eguquguqukayo emisebenzini ehlukene yokusinda nokuzingela. Ngaphezu kokuzivumela ukuthi zime futhi zimile.
Umzimba wayo uthathwa njengomude, ngokungafani nekhanda layo, elivame ukuba lincane. Okunye okumele kugqanyiswe amehlo ayo. Izinyoni zinamehlo amakhulu, lolu hlobo lwesilwane, njengabantu, luneso eliyinkimbinkimbi kakhulu, ucwaningo lwesayensi lubonise ukuthi izinyoni zinamandla okubona nokubona imibala.
Zidlani izinyoni ezidla inyama?
Izinyoni ezidla inyama zithola ubuhle ekudambiseni inyamazane ephilayo. Kucatshangelwa ukuthi awukho umkhawulo kubo wezinhlobo zezilwane ukuze bazame futhi banelise izidingo zabo eziyisisekelo njengokuphakela. Ngokuvamile, kuye ngokuthi izinyoni zihlukaniswa kanjani, zivame ukubamba izilwane ezincane. Uma nje izinyoni zinobukhulu obukhulu njengokhozi, isisulu esizikhethayo siyoba sikhulu kakhulu.
Uma kucatshangelwa ukuthi ubukhulu enabo buyivuna ngandlela thize njengoba inkulu, inamathuba amakhulu okuzingela izilwane ezinkulu. Ngenxa yezinzipho zayo ezihlaba umxhwele, iyakwazi ukuklebhula inyamazane, iklebhule inyama yayo ngoqhwaku olukhulu oluyisiza ukuba sihlahlele isisulu. Lolu hlobo lwenyoni luvame ukundiza Izintaba.
amaqembu ezinyoni ezidla inyama
Ngenxa yezici ezithile ezidume kabi ngempela, izinyoni zihlukaniswa ngamaqembu amabili avumela ukuba zihlukaniseke kalula, la maqembu acwaningwa ngokwesayensi, ngenxa yezinyoni eziveza izici eziphawuleka kakhulu, ezivumela ulwazi lokucabangela ukuthi beka inyoni ngayinye ngaphandle kokuchitha isikhathi, bese wazi ukuthi yimaphi la maqembu esikhuluma ngawo:
izinyoni zasebusuku
Leli qembu lezinyoni libonakala ngokuthuthukisa imodi nendlela yokuphila eziqhuba ukuba zithole ukulingana okukhulu nokuxhumana nobusuku nobumnyama. Izilwane ezingaphakathi kwesigaba sezinyoni eziqinile ezaziwa kangcono njengezikhova, njengezikhova ezibonakala ngokuba yinyoni yasebusuku engaphakathi kwesigaba se-titonidae.
Banokuxhumana okuhle nokwaneliseka kokuchitha ubusuku ebukhulu bobusuku. Ngokuphathelene nokuma kwazo, lezi zinyoni zinoqhwaku olufushane noluyisiyingi, iqiniso elizivumela ukuba zithole ubuciko obukhulu lapho zizingela, zishesha ngokuphelele lapho zizingela inyamazane yazo. Lezi zinyoni ziyakwazi ukubona futhi zizwela kakhulu uma kuziwa kunoma yikuphi ukunyakaza.
izinyoni ezidla inyama
Ngokungafani nezinyoni zasebusuku, lezi zinhlobo zezinyoni zichazwa ngokuba nokuba nokwehlukahlukana okukhulu okuzenza zihluke ngokuphelele ezinyonini ezishiwo ngenhla. Lokhu kubonga ngenani lezinyoni ezivezwa emkhakheni wezinyoni ezidla ukudla. Enye yezinyoni ezaziwa kakhulu emhlabeni, futhi ehlaba umxhwele ngokuphelele futhi ebabazekayo, ukhozi, olumelela uhlobo lwenyoni engase ikwazi ukuzingela, ehlala kunoma yiluphi uhlobo lwe-ecosystem.
Ngohlu olubanzi lokuhlukanisa, izinyoni ze-diurnal zibizwa ngokuthi izinyoni ze-necrophagous, leli gama libonisa ukuthi izinyoni zivame ukudla ama-scavengers, futhi azidingi ukuqeda inyamazane ukuze zidle kuyo. Kulokhu sikhuluma ngezinyoni ezifana namanqe noma amacondor.
Leli qembu lezinyoni lihluke kakhulu kunezasebusuku. Phakathi kwezinyoni ezidla inyama, ngokuvamile zithandwa kakhulu, ezaziwa kangcono ngokuthi ama-eagles, okuyizinyoni ezizingelayo ezinobukhulu obukhulu futhi ezivame ukuhlala kuzo zonke izidalwa eziphilayo, noma ama-falcons nama-kestrels, aphakathi kwezinyoni ezisheshayo emhlabeni.
izinhlobo zezinyoni ezidla inyama
Njengoba sazi, izinyoni zimelela futhi zakha inani elikhulu lezinhlobo ezihlukahlukene ezenza ukuphila emhlabeni wonke, ezigabeni ezilandelayo uzothola uhlu lwezinhlobo zezinyoni ezidla inyama ezikhona, phakathi kwazo sithola okulandelayo:
Ukhozi Lwegolide
Ingenye yezinyoni ezinendawo enkulu emhlabeni, ehlala inqwaba yemvelo, esingayithola isatshalaliswa emazweni alandelayo:
- I-México
- United States
- Ezwekazini lase-Asia ihlala eJapane
- Ezwekazini laseYurophu ikakhulukazi e-Central Europe
Nakuba kufanele kuqashelwe ukuthi izinkozi zegolide ziye zanciphisa indawo yazo yokuhlala kulelo zwekazi ngenxa yemikhuba yabantu kanye nemisebenzi yezimboni ethinta kakhulu i-ecosystem. Olunye uhlobo lokhozi olwaziwayo ukhozi okuthiwa i-harpy, nalo olungatholakala kulo I-Ecosystems yaseMexico.
Isikhova saseRoyal
Isatshalaliswa ngobuningi ezwekazini lase-Asia, futhi ithola ubukhona bayo futhi ihlala Izwekazi lase-Afrika futhi ngokwaseYurophu. Zibonakala ngobukhulu obukhulu, ziyizikhova ezinkulu. Abuye afuyelwe ekuthunjweni.
ingcuba
Njengesikhova, inyoni i-buzzard vulture nayo ibonakala njengenyoni enobukhulu obukhulu, itholakala ezwenikazi lase-Afrika, indiza endaweni ephakeme ye-savannah nezindawo zayo, ezingeni le-morphological lenyoni inesimo esingavamile kakhulu, esintula. izimpaphe ezisibekela, uqhwaku lwalo oluthile luhluke ngokuphelele kolwezinye izinhlobo zamanqe.
Ukhumbula ukuthi isilwane sinoqhwaku olunamandla kakhulu, olulinganiselwa kumasentimitha angu-12, leli thuluzi linikeza inyoni inzuzo enkulu uma kuziwa ekuzingeleni nasekushwabadleni inyamazane yayo, ihlephule futhi ingene emzimbeni wesilwane esizingelayo okwenza kube lula kakhulu bona inqubo yokondla izilwane ezifile.
i-sparrowhawk evamile
Ingenye yezinyoni ezincane kunazo zonke ezidla inyama, evame ukutholakala endaweni enkulu yendawo, ikakhulukazi phakathi kwamazwekazi amabili, ukusuka eYurophu kuya eJapane singathola indawo yokuhlala yale nyoni. Iyinyoni ekhetheke ngokuphelele, ngenxa yezimpawu zayo nezimpaphe, ithola izimpaphe ezimpunga ezinezinhlaka eziluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka ezibuye zihlangane emugqeni obucayi wamachopho awolintshi.
I-peregrine falcon
Alikho iphuzu eliqondile lalolu hlobo lwenyoni edla inyama esingabalula njengendawo yokuhlala. Kucatshangelwa ukuthi indawo yayo nendawo yayo kunwebeka kakhulu kuwo wonke umhlaba. Ibhekwa njengesigaba esaziwa kakhulu noma iqembu lezinyoni.
Baveza izici ezimangalisa kakhulu, lapho befika ebudaleni bavame ukushintsha i-phenotype yabo, kulesi sigaba bahlakulela izimpaphe endaweni yomhlane wabo eziphenduka zibe mpunga ngokuthinta okuluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka, zifinyelele emzimbeni ongaphezulu (ikhanda) lombala omnyama. .
Ngaphezu kwalezi zici ezishiwo, i-Falcon ithathwa njengenyoni eshesha kakhulu futhi eshesha kakhulu emhlabeni. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, ngokumangalisayo, abesifazane balolu hlobo ngokuvamile bakhulu kunabesilisa, lokhu ohlotsheni oluvame ukubizwa ngokuthi yebo, oluvame ukudla izinambuzane nezinye izilwane ezihuquzelayo ezinobukhulu obuphakathi.
isikhova sase-Europe
Inyoni edla inyama etholakala endaweni yase-Afrika, kanye nasendaweni yaseYurophu, igqama kakhulu ngamehlo ayo aphuzi, kanye nokuba nesitayela sezimpaphe ezinsundu, esihambisana nethunzi elimhlophe. Yinyoni elinganiselwa ku-22 kuya ku-26 amasentimitha ubude.
isikhova sesibaya
Yinyoni ejwayele ukuhlala ezindaweni ezinamasimu amakhulu nezindawo eziluhlaza, kanye nasezivinini noma ezindaweni ezitshalwe kakhulu. Le nyoni eyaziwayo yenza ubukhona futhi itholakala emazwenikazi angu-5. Esinye sezici esingazigqamisa ngaso amandla okuzwa amakhulu okuchazayo. Iyingxenye yezinyoni ezihlukaniswa ngemodi yasebusuku noma isici.
i-kestrel evamile
Iyinyoni enezici ezilula futhi ezinesizotha, inekhanda elinezimpaphe ezinsundu, amaphiko ayo aqukethe izimpaphe ezinhle kakhulu ezihlanganisa imithunzi ewolintshi, ebomvu, ekhopha kanye nephuzi. Indawo yayo yenziwa kakhulu emazwenikazi, e-Asia, e-Afrika naseYurophu.
i-goshawk evamile
Inyoni enesitayela sezimpaphe ezincike emithunzini emnyama, enesisu esinezimpaphe ezimhlophe ezinamabhande athile amnyama, isitayela sayo samaphiko sivame ukuba mfushane, esivumela ukuthi indize futhi inyakaze kalula. indiza yayo indiza ibheke ezifundeni ezihlinzekiwe Izintaba kanye namahlathi aminyene kakhulu.
I-Andean condor
Ingenye yezinyoni ezihlukile kakhulu futhi ezihlukene ezivame ukuhlonzwa ngokushesha njengoba enye yezimpawu zayo ezivelele ukuntuleka kwezimpaphe ekhanda layo. Njengeqiniso elimangalisayo, umbala enawo kule ndawo engenhla unobomvu, nakuba ngokuvamile ungewona umbala ongashintshi, njengoba uvame ukuhluka kuye ngesimo sengqondo inyoni ebonakala ngaso ngezikhathi ezahlukene.
Yinyoni enobukhulu obumaphakathi, indawo yayo iphakathi kweYurophu neNingizimu Melika. Ikakhulukazi ezintabeni zase-Andes.
Inyazi
Iyinyoni etholakala enkabeni yeYurophu, izimpaphe zayo ziphenduka phakathi kwemibala emibili ensundu ngokukhopha, nezinye izimpaphe ezimhlophe, ivame ukuhlala ezindaweni ezinamadlelo abanzi.
Osprey
Lolu hlobo lwenyoni yinqe elingenazo izici ezifanayo nezinye izinhlobo zamanqe ezishiwo ngenhla. Igama enalo libhekisela ezenzweni ezenzayo lapho idla. Ukuba nekhono lokuphakamisa amathambo, kanye nezinye iziphetho ezinezici eziqinile, ezishaya amatshe noma ama-pavements ukuze awaphule futhi adle ngokugculisayo kuwo.
Njengamanje ingelinye lamaqembu ezinyoni ezisengozini yokushabalala ezwenikazi lase-Europe, kodwa ukuba khona kwayo kungaqinisekiswa kwezinye izifunda noma izindawo, njenge-Afrika.
Ukhozi oludobayo
Inyoni edla inyama ephakathi nendawo, efana nesikhova, itholakala emazwenikazi amaningi.
amagama ezinyoni ezidla inyama
- ukhozi olumabala
- isikhova se-magellanic
- isikhova sasekapa
- California condor
- ukhozi olunesibindi
- isikhova esinamadlebe amafushane
- Isikhova Esincane noma i-Alpine
- isikhova esinemigqa
- i-malagasy kestrel
- isikhova sokhozi lwasemalaya
- isikhova se-ashen
- ukhozi
- i-african falcon
- Isikhova Esincane
- pomeranian ukhozi
- isikhova sobisi
- ukotini ongenalutho
- i-australian falcon
- isikhova esibukwayo
- i-jungle aura
- isikhova esikhulu esinezimpondo
- i-falcon
- i-griffon vulture
- California condor
- Ukhozi
- Isikhova samaMoor
- i-bat falcon
- isikhova sokhozi bengal
- saker falcon
- American vulture
- Ukhozi lwaseKapa
Lezi zimelela amanye amagama ezinyoni ezikhona ku-ecosystem yomhlaba esatshalaliswa phakathi kwamazwekazi amahlanu. Kucatshangelwa ukuthi, njengoba sike sasho ngaphambili, izinyoni azihlukaniswa phakathi kweqembu le-taxonomic, zihlukaniswa ngokwezinhlobo zezinyoni ezikhona.
Izinyoni zakha inqwaba yezinhlobo zezilwane, ngayinye inezici zayo kuye ngokuthi izinyoni zikuphi. Ngobukhulu balokho ezikumelelayo, zigcwalisa ingxenye enkulu yeplanethi yomhlaba ngobukhona bazo, ngaphandle kokungabaza iyinkimbinkimbi ehlukahlukene futhi eningi yezilwane.