Ngiyakumema ukuba ufunde lesi sihloko esithakazelisayo mayelana Nenyoni Yenqe Elinentshebe. Inokubonakala okuyingqayizivele nokuhlukile. Ngaphambili kwakuyizinhlobo eziningi kakhulu zezilwane ezwekazini laseYurophu, kodwa namuhla isizoshabalala. Lapha uzofunda mayelana nezici zabo zomzimba, izici, indawo yokuhlala, indawo nokunye okuningi. Ungayeki ukuyifunda!
inyoni enentshebe
Inyoni enentshebe iyisilwane somndeni wakwa-Accipitridae, igama layo lesayensi yi-Gypaetus barbatus. Yinqe elifana nokhozi impela. Kulula kakhulu ukuhlukanisa. Ngakho iyinyoni ebonakala ihluke kwamanye amanqe. Banikezwa leli gama elingelona iqiniso ngenxa yokuziphatha abakubonisayo. Kungokwe-oda i-Accipitriformes. Ngokuvamile le nyoni ibonakala ngokuphakamisa amathambo kanye ne-carapace yezilwane ezifile endaweni ephakeme kakhulu ukusuka phansi.
Ukuze uwajikijele kamuva ukusuka phezulu abheke ematsheni futhi uwahlukanise, ngale ndlela uwadle ngokudla kwawo. Sikhuluma ngesilwane esisengozini yokushabalala. EYurophu kwakukhona izinyoni ezimbalwa zalolu hlobo, kodwa namuhla seziphelile ezindaweni ezihlukahlukene zaleli zwekazi. Namuhla izinyoni zamanqe anentshebe seziphinde zagcwala ezindaweni ezihlukahlukene. Lezi zindawo ezifana nalezi: Greece, kusukela e-Anatolia kuze kufike ezintabeni ze-Himalaya kanye ne-Tian Shan, i-Alps, eNyakatho Afrika naseNingizimu Afrika.
Izici
Ububanzi bamaphiko bulinganisa phakathi kwamamitha angu-2,50 kuya kwangu-3. Ingaba nesisindo esingamakhilogremu angu-4 ukuya kwangu-7. Le nyoni ibonakala ngokuthi ikhanda layo limbozwe izimpaphe, okwenza lolu hlobo lwezinyoni luhluke kwezinye izinyoni ezidla inyama. Uhlobo lwamaphiko enawo lude futhi luncane, kuyilapho umsila wayo unephrofayili yesikwele. Inqe elinentshebe lihlala linezimpaphe zekhanda nentamo yalo, njengoba lingangeni emizimbeni yezilwane ezibolile. Ngokuba uhlobo lwezinyoni emhlabeni osekelwa cishe ngokuphelele ngamathambo.
Ukudla
Ngaleso sikhathi lapho izilwane ezidla ezinye nezinyoni ezidla inyama seziqedile ukudla inyama yezilwane ezifile. Inqe elinentshebe lingena endaweni yesigameko lifuna ukudla kwalo (amathambo). Uma kwenzeka ukuthi amathambo amade kakhulu, kuwathatha afinyelele ukuphakama okuphezulu. Bese ewabamba ngezinzipho azijikijele ematsheni. Ukuze uthole izingcezu ezincane futhi uziqoqe kalula. Lo msebenzi awenzayo uwunjongo yokuziphilisa.
Nakuba abantu abaningi becabanga ukuthi benza lokhu ukuze bathole umnkantsha ethanjeni. Kodwa lokhu kuyinganekwane nje. Njengoba okwenziwa inqe elinentshebe kuwukuphuca ucezu lwethambo, olungafinyelela kumasentimitha angamashumi amabili. Kucatshangwa ukuthi ukudla kwabo kwakhiwe amakamela angama-75% nezilwane ezinonya. Okunye ukudla kusekelwe kulwelwesi nodoti wenyama. Idla nezilwane ezihuquzelayo ezincane namagundane.
Izici zomzimba
Inemibala ekhetheke kakhulu, le ingashintsha njengoba iminyaka ihamba. Kufakazelwe ukuthi amanqe anentshebe angaba nokuguqulwa okungafika kwe-4 empilweni yawo. Izibonelo ezincane ezindala zinebala lomhlaba eliphaphathekile esiswini. Umbala onsundu ngemuva kanye nokucasha kwamaphiko. Ngakho inombala omnyama ngemuva, ekhanda nangemuva. Ngemuva ungabona ihawu lezimpaphe ezimhlophe. Lapho iminyaka emithathu yokuqala yokuphila idlula, umbala wayo usemnyama.
Nokho, umbala wezimpaphe uqala ukulula, ngakho uphenduka ube mhlophe. Njengomsila, inomlotha kancane. Ngemva kweminyaka emithathu kuya kweyisithupha, izimpaphe zamaphiko alo ziba mpunga. Ngakho intamo iphinde ibambe umbala onsundu futhi kamuva ibe blonde. Umhlane nezimpiko ziba mnyama ngokuhamba kweminyaka. Izibonelo ezindala kuneminyaka engu-6 zinamaphiko amancane amancane kanye nomsila. Ezinye izingxenye zomzimba ziphuzi ngokuphelele ezimhlophe.
Okuwukuphela kwento ehlukile amehlo akhe, akha i-gambox emnyama eduze kwakhe. Nakuba ngezinye izikhathi kwakheka i-choker yezimpaphe entanyeni kuze kufike ku-pectoral. Ayini amaphiko nangemuva ithoni empunga, kodwa ngemuva inombala ompunga oholayo. Uma kungenjalo, i-Gypaetus barbatus evuthiwe iboniswa ngemigqa emnyama ekhanyayo ezingxenyeni zendlebe. Lolu hlobo lubonakala ngokuba nalezi zimpawu ezingenazo i-subspecies. I-subspecies itholakala ezindaweni zaseNingizimu Afrika nasempumalanga.
Incazelo kanye nokuziphatha
Lelinqe elinentshebe alikhombisi ukuhluka kulo i-physiognomy yangaphandle ngocansi. Ngakho abasenyakatho babonakala ngokuba nezimpaphe eziningi emilenzeni naseminweni. Ngokungafani nalokhu, e-Afrika, kukhona enye i-subspecies engenazo izimpaphe. Kuye kwafakazelwa ukuthi umbala wayo wemvelo umhlophe. Njengoba amanqe amancane anentshebe asevele aziwa ngokuba nezimpaphe zekhanda elimnyama. Lolu hlobo lubuye lubonakale uma selukhulile lunezimpaphe ezimhlophe. Isizathu sangempela sokushintsha umbala abanaso.
Ngakho kuwumphumela wento yangaphandle futhi iwukuba lezi zinyoni zizihlanze odakeni. Ngoba iqukethe i-iron oxide eningi, eshintsha umbala wayo. Akuvamile ukuthi isifanekiso sidale uhlobo oluthile lomsindo, ngakho-ke uma lwenza, kungenxa yokuthi luzizwa lusaba. Ungenza i-piteo encane. Kodwa lokhu akubalulekile kakhulu, ngoba lolu hlobo luxhumana namehlo nezimpaphe zekhanda laso.
Imininingwane yezinhlamvu zamehlo akhe inombala obomvu oqinile kanye ne-iris ephuzi ekhazimulayo. Nakuba kumatasa ngenxa yezizathu eziningi. Okufana nokucasuka, ukufuna umshado noma ukumane ucindezeleke. Ngaso sonke isikhathi lapho ejatshuliswa yilokhu, izimpaphe emakhaleni akhe zisukuma ziqine.
Habitat
Lolu hlobo lutholakala ezindaweni ezifana nezintaba eziwumqansa, ezimangelengele. Lezi zindawo zikunikeza izimo ezidingekayo. Ukuze bethule inyamazane yabo abazingelwayo emihosheni noma emigwaqweni. Iphinde ikhethe izingxenye ezinemigede, yakhe isidleke sayo lapho ingeke ihlushwe khona. Lesi sibonelo ngokuvamile sihlala endaweni efanayo nezinyamazane nezinyamazane ezihlala ezintabeni.
Ezindaweni ezakha kuzo izidleke nokudla kwazo, zingase zilahle uma kungekho hlaka lwamathambo olutholakala eduze. Nokho, ngokushesha iqala ukusesha kwayo ukuze ibambe inyamazane ethile. Kuye kwenziwa ucwaningo ezingxenyeni eziseningizimu ye-Afrika. Lapho kuqinisekiswa khona ukuthi inyoni enentshebe yasenyakatho ingandiza iye emuva naphambili iye ezindaweni ezikala amakhilomitha-skwele angamashumi amathathu. Lolu hambo lwenziwa ngenjongo yokufuna ukudla kuphela.
Amanqe amasha anentshebe ahlukana nabazali bawo, futhi athatha uhambo olude. Kodwa lapho sezikhulile ziyabuya ziyofuna umngane womshado futhi zihlale esidlekeni. Izindawo aya kuzona aziningi, ngakho uhambo lwakhe lungowokungcebeleka.
Indawo
Lesi sifanekiso siyinyoni etholakala ezindaweni eziningi zezwekazi lase-Asia. Konke kusuka eTurkey kuya eChina. Isibe yiqiniso eMpumalanga Afrika naseNingizimu Yurophu. Ngakho-ke, eMedithera, lolu hlobo alukakashabalali kuma-rustic Pyrenees. Kule ndawo, eNavarre, naseCatalan kukhona cishe amapheya angamashumi ayisishiyagalombili angazalana. lapho inyoni i-osprey Lelijuba, ngokwesilinganiso senkululeko, litholakala ezindaweni ezinjengezintaba ze-Alps naseziqongweni zaseYurophu ezizokhuliswa ngaphandle kokuphazamiseka.
Njengoba nje kunemibiko yamajuba ezingxenyeni zesigodi saseRudrón. Ezintabeni zemifula yaseCalahorra. Ngesikhathi esifanayo isakazeke ngokuphelele kuso sonke isiqhingi sase-Iberia esasingasekho ngaphambili. Konke lokhu kwenzeka ngokuyinhloko ngenxa yezinto ezinobuthi, ama-specimens ashiye izidleke zawo ezisakwazi ukubonwa. E-Marbella kukhona okungenani amapheya amabili amanqe anentshebe, ayevame ukuba seSierra Blanca. Itholakala ngaphambi kweNhlonhlo Yase-Iberia lapho kusenezinsalela zokuzalela.
Kusukela ekuqaleni kwekhulu lama-XNUMX, amanqe anentshebe aqala ukugcwala izintaba zaseCazorla. Ikakhulukazi ezinsimini zezithelo zemvelo yaseSegura naseSifundazweni saseJaén. Njengamanje, e-Andalusia kunezilwane okungenani ezingamashumi amane zalolu hlobo.
bazalana kanjani
Ekuqaleni kokukhula kwayo, inyoni enentshebe ifuna umngane wayo ukuze bakwazi ukuphila ukuphila kwayo konke ndawonye. Lezi zinyoni zimi endaweni eyodwa. Ngakho bahlala lapho futhi banda. Bakha indawo yabo yokuhlala eminyango yemigede nasekhoneni lapho bekhosela khona emoyeni onamandla. Isigaba somsebenzi siqala phakathi kukaSepthemba no-Okthoba siqinisekisa imininingwane yokugcina yokubekela amaqanda. Zivamise ukubeka amaqanda ama-2 kuphela enyangeni kaZibandlela ukuya kuNdasa.
Okumangaza kakhulu ukuthi izithandani zisuke ziphethe ukufukamela amaqanda, zishintshane izinyanga ezimbili. Lapho nje inkonyane selizelwe, bathatha isibopho sokulinakekela ndawonye njengombhangqwana. Nokho, ziyabuka futhi zivimbele inzalo enamandla kakhulu ekubulaleni ezintekenteke kakhulu, ngokungafani nezinye izinyoni ezidla inyama. Njengoba ichitha izinyanga ezine endaweni yayo, inyonyane esaphila iba umuntu omdala.
Ungaphinda uqale umdlalo wakho wokuqala wokundiza. Nakuba abazali babo beqhubeka nokubaxhasa ngokudla. Njengoba efunda ukudla yedwa, uzohamba nabo okwesikhashana. Lesi sigaba siqhubeka cishe izinyanga ezintathu kuya kweziyisishiyagalombili, bese sizimele.
inhlangano yabantu
Nakuba lolu hlobo lwezilwane luye lwesatshiswa kakhulu mayelana nenani labantu ezwenikazi laseYurophu. Ngakho-ke, inqe elinentshebe liwuhlobo oluningi kakhulu. Ngokufanayo itholakala kuzo zonke izingxenye zezwekazi lase-Asia nase-Afrika. Ngendlela yokuthi ngo-2013 lolu hlobo lwalungakhathazeki kakhulu. Nakuba ngo-2014 kwakungashiwo okufanayo, kwakusengozini yokushabalala ngokuphelele.
Lokhu kumenyezelwe yi-IUCN (International Union for Conservation of Nature) International Union for Conservation of Nature and Birdlife International. Ngakho-ke ukunyamalala kwenyoni yenqe elinentshebe esizweni kwase kubonakala kakhulu. Ngendlela efanayo kunezinhlangano eziningi ezizinikele ekulondolozweni kwezinhlobo zezilwane. Njengoba okwamanje isengozini yokushabalala. Ukunakekela kwakho emhlabeni kubaluleke kakhulu.
Ingozi yokuqothulwa
Ubuhlungu ngenxa yezinombolo eziphansi zalolu hlobo bukhulu. Kunezici eziningi ezibangele ukushabalala kwezindawo ezihlukahlukene zomhlaba. Sekuseduze nokunyamalala kwalolu hlobo. Baqala ukunquma ukuthola izinsongo ezicasha ngokulondolozwa kwenqe elinentshebe.
Njengamanje, izici ezibangela ukufa kwenyoni enentshebe sezihloliwe esizweni saseSpain. Bakhe uhlelo olunobuchwepheshe obusezingeni eliphezulu olune-tracker. Ngoba yini ehlanganisa ukuklanywa kwepherimitha lapho behlala khona. Lokhu kukuvumela ukuthi udale usesho futhi uthole isayithi lapho atholakala khona. Lezi zifanekiso zingalandelelwa ngesiteji esiphakathi kweminyaka emine. Ngobude obude obukhulu.
Izinsongo zokufa
Inyoni enentshebe ihlolisisiwe kuyo yonke le minyaka engamashumi amabili ePyrenees. Ngakho kutholwe izibonelo zabashonile abangamashumi amabili nesishiyagalombili. Izizathu zokufa zihlukahlukene. Nakuba abayishumi nesikhombisa kubo bafa ngokudla izinto ezinobuthi, lokhu kufana no-60,7%. Abanye aba-3 nabo bawathole elele phansi, okungu-10,7%. Njengoba bebulewe ngezibhamu.
Abanye abangu-2 bakhahlanyezwe ngogesi, okungu-7,1%. Oyedwa ushone ngesikhathi eshayisa izikhala zikagesi ezingu-1%. Ezinye izizathu zokufa azikaziwa. Isizathu esiyinhloko sokufa kwalezi zibonelo sihlobene nokusetshenziswa okungekho emthethweni kwezithiyo ezingcoliswe izinto ezinobuthi. Lokhu kuhilela kanzima ukuthuthukiswa kwezibonelo kwezinye izindawo ezifana neSpain. Ubuthi ngokuyinhloko buthinta inqe elivuthiwe elinentshebe. Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi bajwayele ukuthola izinsalela zabafileyo.
Lokhu kuvame ukwenzeka ngesikhathi sokuzala, okuba nomphumela ongemuhle isiqeshana esithandeka kakhulu salesi sifanekiso, esiyinzalo yaso. Iphinde ilahlekelwe ulwazi ngendawo yokuhlala yayo yemvelo, okungukuthi, ayiboni indawo lapho ihlala khona. Ukuthintwa yinqubo ye ukuzala, ukusetshenziswa kwezinto eziningi ezinobuthi kuwukubonakaliswa okusobala kokweqa umthetho okungathi sína. Umthetho owadalwa kusukela ngonyaka we-1995, kusukela ukuzingela kwaba ikhono elingathandeki, eliye lalimaza ukuphila kwamakhulu ezilwane zasendle kulo lonke elaseSpain.
Lokhu kuhlanganisa izilwane eziningi, kodwa ikakhulukazi izilwane ezinonya, izilwane ezidla inyama nezinyoni ezidla inyama. Ngaphezu kwakho konke, bakwenza nezilwane ezinyamalalayo, njengenyoni yenqe elinentshebe esendleleni yokushabalala. Leli phutha elibi yilo elidala ukuthi bafe, ngaphandle kwesizathu esingokwemvelo. Umsebenzi abawenzayo uhlobene nezinhlelo zakudala eziphathelene nokuseshwa nokushushiswa kwezilwane. Lesi sibopho siwela ezinhlanganweni nakubantu abangazi lutho ngendaba yemvelo.
Abanaso isipiliyoni ezindabeni zokongiwa kwemvelo nakho konke okuhlobene nakho, ngakho benza ngale ndlela. Isizathu esilandelayo esenza kube nokufa kwabantu abaningi kangaka ngenxa yalezi zinhlobo ezingezona ezemvelo ukuthi kunezintambo eziningi ezinamandla kagesi eSpain. Lezi zitholakala ezindaweni ezinezintaba ezihambisana namagquma noma ukwehla kosayizi omaphakathi ngobude. Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi ziyizingxenye lapho lesi silwane sijwayele ukuhamba khona ezindizeni zaso. Ngakho-ke ukufa kwenzeka ngenxa yokushaqeka nokushaqeka kukagesi.
vimbela ukushabalala
Izinkampani zikagesi zizama ukuqhamuka nokuthile okusha nokusha kakhulu. Ngokomthethosisekelo waseYurophu. Bavuma ukusebenzisa imibono ethile eqinisekisiwe. Lokhu kunganciphisa igalelo elibhekana nalo emvelweni yezilwane. Ukwesekwa kwalezi zinkampani kufanelekile njengokubalulekile. Ukuze ube nesilwane esihle sokuhlenga. Njengalezo ezitholakala kulezi zimo. Lokhu kunjalo ngenqe elinentshebe, uhlobo olusengozini yokushabalala.
Ukubanjwa kwalolu hlobo akukho emthethweni. Ngakho-ke, kucatshangwa ukuthi esinye sezimbangela ezithole ukubusa okukhulu ngokumelene nalesi sifanekiso indawo yokunwetshwa kwayo. Lokhu kuhlasela kwehlile ngoba kukhona ukwesekwa nosizo lwezilwane. Bonke labo abayingxenye yalabo abazinikele ekuzingeleni izilwane bazisiwe. Okuhle kunakho konke, baye bazwela emvelweni.
Abazingeli abangochwepheshe baye behliselwa phansi isikhathi eside. Kodwa aziyona imbangela yakho konke, njengoba isintu siye sakwenza kwavela. Ukuthobela nenhlonipho kuqala ngokuziphatha okuhambisana nolwazi. Bonke abantu noma imindeni ehlobene ne-ecosystem kumele ibe nalokhu. Ukuzinza okufanele kube nakho inqe elinentshebe ukuze liqhubeke liphila kubekwa engozini ngokulinganayo.
Ukulahlekelwa indawo yabo yokuhlala
Izizathu zibangelwa izakhi eziphazamisayo, njengoshintsho kanye nokuntuleka kwendawo yazo noma indawo yokuhlala. Kusukela eminyakeni yamuva nje benze izakhiwo ezintsha nezinkulu kakhulu zezidingongqangi. Ngoba benza lezi zakhiwo ezindaweni ezinezintaba, okuyindawo yabo yemvelo. Ukucasuka okudalwa ngokusobala kubangelwa umsebenzi womuntu. Ngokulandelayo, benza kanjalo ezingxenyeni ezibuthakathaka njengamatshe amatshe kanye nama-depressions.
Okungakhululeki kakhulu ngenyoni enentshebe, eyayijwayele ukuhlala nabafuyi. Ngoba uphila ngale ndlela, njengoba ezinye izindawo ezisele zodwa. Ziningi izinguquko ezenzeke eziye zaba yizici ezinkulu ekuqothulweni kwazo. Sesiside isikhathi iyeka ukufuya izinkomo njengoba kwakwenziwa ngokwesintu. Ngakho-ke bakhethe ukushintsha imisebenzi yabo eminingi yokufuya. Ngokungafani nomsebenzi oqeda amandla wesitebele.
Into edabukisa kakhulu eyenzeke enyonini enentshebe ukulahlekelwa indawo yayo yokuhlala. Eminyakeni yokugcina yekhulu le-XNUMX, lesi sifanekiso samanqe amaningi anentshebe sasifakiwe. Zase zande kakhulu e-Andalusia, zatholakala ngobuningi kulo lonke idolobha. Nokho, ngenxa yesikhubekiso sokuzingela nokucupha ngokungemthetho, lokhu kwavulela ithuba lokunyamalala kwalolu hlobo lwezilwane.
ngendlela efanayo amaqanda abo aphangwa futhi athathwa kubo. Ngo-1987 lolu hlobo lwalungasekho. Ngakho-ke, lolu hlobo lwezilwane lwalungasabonwa kubantu base-Andalusia. Izakhamuzi zase-Andalusia zaphawula ukuthi lesi sifanekiso sase sishabalala. Ngesikhathi senqubo eyayidalelwe ukuzala kabusha noma ukuthutha amanqe anentshebe. Ngohlelo olubandakanya ukunakekela itshwele.
Ngemva kokuba umdlwane unakekelwe yodwa. Ukuze ke bazikhulule endaweni efanele okungeyendawo yazo yemvelo. Ngisho nalezi zinyathelo kwadingeka zifike futhi zenze isinqumo esinjalo ngabachwepheshe bezemvelo ukuze bathole futhi bagcine intshebe iphila. Ngakho-ke, ukuba khona kwayo emhlabeni kuyoqhubeka kulinganiselwe.
Uma lesi sihloko sikusiza, ngikumema ukuba uqhubeke ufunda. Ngakho nazi izixhumanisi ukuze uthole ulwazi olwengeziwe: