Esigabeni esilandelayo funda kabanzi mayelana nokungenakuqhathaniswa izilwane ezinwabuzelayo nokuthi banokuthuthuka okuqondile kwempilo futhi behlukile kwezinye izidalwa eziyingxenye yezilwane.
Umsuka wezilwane ezihuquzelayo- izilwane ezinkulu ezikhasayo noma ezikhasayo
Ukuze uthole imbangela yezilwane ezihuquzelayo, kubalulekile ukubhekisela ekuqaleni kweqanda le-amniotic, njengoba kwavela kulo mhlangano wezidalwa, ukunikeza umuntu oyinhloko umshwalense ongenamanzi nokumvumela ukuba azikhulule esimweni solwandle, futhi ingxenye ye izilwane ezinwabuzelayo.
Ama-amniotes ayinhloko avela kuma-Cotylosaurs, avela ikakhulukazi emhlanganweni wezidalwa zomhlaba namanzi, ngesikhathi seCarboniferous, isigaba esithakazelisayo kakhulu somlando.
Lawa ma-amniote asakazeka abe amaqembu amabili ngokwezici ezihlukahlukene zogebhezi lwawo: ama-synapsid (okuye kwathathwa kuwo izilwane ezinegazi elifudumele) nama-sauropsids (iqembu okuvela kulo ama-amniote asele, okungukuthi, izilwane ezihuquzelayo ezimangalisayo ).
Kulo mhlangano wokugcina kube nokuhlukaniswa okubalulekile: ama-Anapsids, abengeza ama-turtle specimens, nama-diapsids, isibonelo, izinyoka eziphawulekayo nezilwane ezihuquzelayo ezithile, okuthakazelisayo ukuthi Izilwane zase-Afrika.
Izimpawu zezilwane ezikhasayo noma ezikhasayo
Kungakhathalekile ukuthi isimo se-anatomical ohlotsheni ngalunye lwesilwane esihuquzelayo, ngasinye singasebenzisa izenzo ezihlukahlukene ukuze sinyakaze ngokunyoka emhlabathini, isifinyezo esikhulu sezimfanelo ababelana ngaso sodwa singafakwa ohlwini. Phakathi kwabo, ama-aggregates atholakala:
Abantu abahlanganisiwe (ama-tetrapods) nabaphansi, nakuba, emibuthanweni ethile, isibonelo, izinyoka zingase zibe kude, kodwa ziseyizilwane ezinwabuzelayo..
Isimiso sokujikeleza kwegazi nengqondo kuguquke kakhulu kunezidalwa zasemhlabeni nezihlala emanzini. Ziyizidalwa ze-ectothermic, okungukuthi, azikwazi ukulawula izinga lokushisa kwazo. Ngokuvamile, banomsila omude futhi izilwane ezinwabuzelayo.
Banezikali ze-epidermal, ezingachitheka noma ziqhubeke zithuthuka empilweni yazo yonke. Imihlathi eqinile enamazinyo noma engenawo. Bahogela ngamaphaphu abo nakuba izinhlobo ezithile zezinyoka zihogela esikhunjeni sazo.
Izibonelo Zezilwane Ezikhasayo noma Ezikhasayo
Kunezidalwa eziningana ezihamba ngokukhasa, isibonelo, izinyoka, ezingenawo ama-appendages. Kunoma ikuphi, kunezilwane ezihuquzelayo ezihlukene okuthi, naphezu kokuba nama-appendages, zingaphinde zibonakale njengezigaqayo njengoba indawo yazo yomzimba ihudulwa phansi ngesikhathi sokuthutha.
I-blind Adder – Leptotyphlops melanothermus
Ichazwa ngokuthi incane ngosayizi, ayinazo izitho ezikhipha ubuthi, futhi ihlala ngaphansi komhlaba, ivame ukuhlala ezindlini eziningi. Ibekela amaqanda, okuyenza ibe isidalwa esinamaqanda.
Mayelana nohlelo lwakhe lokudla okunomsoco, indlela yakhe yokudla incike kakhulu ezilwaneni ezincane ezingenamgogodla, okungukuthi, izinhlobo ezithile zezilwane ezesabekayo.
Inyoka enemithende -Philodryas psammophidea
Ebizwa nangokuthi inyoka yesihlabathi, inomzimba othambile nonwetshiwe futhi ikala imitha elilodwa. Kuwo wonke umzimba wethula amaqembu amade e-opaque shading engxenyeni engemuva futhi alula ebhandeni le-ventral.
Kahle kakhulu ingatholakala ezifundeni ezomile nasemahlathini, lapho izuza ezihuquzelayo ezihlukahlukene. I-oviparous futhi inamazinyo anobuthi ngemuva komlomo wayo (amazinyo e-opisthoglyphic).
I-Tropical Rattlesnake -Crotalus durissus terrificus
Inyoka ebulalayo yasezindaweni ezishisayo noma i-diamondback eseningizimu ichazwa njengefinyelela ubukhulu obukhulu kanye namathoni aphuzi noma ama-ocher emzimbeni wayo, avela ezilwaneni ezikhasayo.
Itholakala ezindaweni ezome kakhulu, isibonelo, ama-savannah, lapho idla kakhulu izilwane ezincane (amagundane athile, izilwane ezinegazi elifudumele). Lesi silwane esinwabuzelayo siyi-viviparous futhi sikhipha izinto eziyingozi.
Isibankwa esiluhlaza -Teius teyou
Esinye isenzakalo sezilwane ezinwabuzelayo isilwane esihuquzelayo esiluhlaza, isidalwa esiphakathi nendawo esidonsa ukunaka ngoba sinemibala eluhlaza ngokungavamile emzimbeni waso nomsila omude. Nakuba kufanele kuqashelwe ukuthi owesilisa unama-hues aluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka ngesikhathi sesigaba sokuzala.
Insimu yayo ingashintshashintsha, itholakala emahlathini nasemasimini, isibonelo. Indlela yabo yokudla incike ezidalwa ezingenamgogodla (izihlaseli ezincane ezinwabuzelayo) futhi mayelana nokwanda kwazo, ziyizidalwa ezikhiqiza amaqanda.
Isikhumba Esinemithende – Eumeces skiltonianus
Kuyisilwane esihuquzelayo esincane esinama-appendages amafushane kanye nomzimba ongaqinile. Inamathoni abuthuntu namaqembu alula endaweni yomgogodla. Ingatholakala kahle kakhulu ezindaweni ezinohlaza, ezimahhadlahhadla nezinezihlahla, lapho izuza khona ezilwaneni ezingenamgogodla, isibonelo amanye ama-arachnid nezinambuzane. Ngokuqondene nokuphindaphinda, izinkathi zasentwasahlobo nezasehlobo zikhethelwa ukukhwelana.
Isibankwa esinezimpondo - i-Phrynosoma coronatum
Lesi silwane esicwebezelayo ngokuvamile sinombala ompunga futhi sichazwa njengenendawo yekhanda enezimpondo kanye nomzimba ovikelwe ngemigogodla embalwa futhi siphakathi kwezilwane ezinwabuzelayo..
Umzimba ubanzi kodwa ubushelelezi futhi unezithasiselo ezimfushane zokuhamba. Ihlala ezindaweni ezomile nezivulekile, lapho izuza khona ezinambuzaneni, isibonelo, izintuthwane. Izikhala ezibanzi zikaMashi noMeyi yilezo eziqoqwayo ukuze inzalo iphelele.
I-Coral - i-Micrurus pyrrhocryptus
Lo modeli uyisilwane esihuquzelayo eside nesilula, esingenayo indawo yekhanda ehlukile kuwo wonke umzimba. Inomthunzi oyingqayizivele, eveza izindandatho ezimnyama emzimbeni wayo ezixutshwe namaqoqo ambalwa amhlophe.
Iphumelela kuma-scree noma emahlathini, lapho izuza khona ezibankwa ezihlukene, isibonelo, izibankwa ezithile ezincane. I-oviparous futhi inobuthi kakhulu.
Ufudu Oluvamile – Chelonoidis chilensis
Lolu fudu lwasemhlabeni luboniswa njengegobolondo elikhulu, elide nelinomthunzi. Ihlala ezindaweni lapho kugcwele khona imifino kanye nemikhiqizo ephilayo, njengoba iningi labo liyizibankwa ezidla uhlaza, ezifana ne ipulazi izilwane uhlu
Kunoma yikuphi, ngezikhathi ezithile izuza emathanjeni athile nasezinyameni. Kuyisilwane esinamaqanda futhi kulindeleke ukuthi sitholakale njengesidalwa esinobungane emizini ethile, singesinye sezilwane ezinwabuzelayo..
I-Legless Lizard - u-Anniella pulchra
Esinye sezidalwa ezifuna ukwazi kakhulu ezikhasa ukuze zinyakaze isilwane esihuquzelayo esingenamilenze. Inendawo eyi-cephalic engabonakali kuwo wonke umzimba futhi iphetha ngephuzu.
Idinga ama-appendages ukuze ithuthuke futhi inezikali ezicwebezelayo emzimbeni, ezivezwa nge-tint empunga enamabhande aseceleni amnyama kanye nethumbu lenhlaka.
Inyoka eluhlaza -Philodryas patagoniensis
Njengoba igama layo elivamile libonisa, ngokuvamile linamathoni aluhlaza, kodwa elinamathoni amnyama azungeze izikali zayo. Ibuye ibizwe ngokuthi inyoka yasehlathini ngoba idlangile ezindaweni ezivulekile, isibonelo, ezinye izinkuni noma amasimu, lapho izuza khona ezidalwa ezihlukene (izilwane ezinomgogodla ezincane, izilwane ezinamaphiko nezilwane ezihuquzelayo, phakathi kwabanye).
Ezinye izilwane ezikhasayo noma ezikhasayo
Uhlu lwezilwane ezihuquzelayo lubanzi naphezu kweqiniso lokuthi, njengoba kuye kwashiwo ezindaweni ezidlule, akuzona kuphela lezi zidalwa ezihambayo ezihambayo. Lesi isimo somnenke waseRoma noma umgadli wasebusuku, ozwa ukugaya phakathi komzimba wawo nangaphezulu aze afinyelele isivinini esigcwele. Kule ndawo ungathola izidalwa ezihlukene ezishelelayo ukuze zinyakaze:
iguana
Ama-Iguana yizilwane ezihuquzelayo ezidla utshani ezinesikhumba esikhuluphele emphinjeni nasemigogodleni ephuma ekhanda, ezintanyeni, emhlane nasemisileni. Ama-iguana angaphila kusukela eminyakeni eyi-16 ukuya kwengama-20.
Uxamu oluhlaza ufinyelela ku-1,5 kuya ku-2 wamamitha ubude, kanti u-iguana ongu-spiny ukhula ukusuka ku-12,5 kuya ku-100 amasentimitha ubude. Uxamu osinda kakhulu uxamu oluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka, angaba nesisindo esingamakhilogremu ayi-14.
Azinabuntu, lokhu kusho ukuthi izinga lokushisa langaphandle yilona elizigcina zifudumele, njengoba zingakwazi ukulawula ukushisa kwangaphakathi ngemizimba yazo. Lezi zikhasa zitholakala eMexico, eMelika Ephakathi naseNingizimu, eziQhingini zaseGalapagos, engxenyeni yeziqhingi zaseCaribbean, eFiji naseMadagascar.
Chameleon
Kusuka emndenini wakwaChamaeleonidae, bayizilwane ezinwabuzelayo ze-Old World, ngokuyisisekelo arboreal, ezaziwa ngokukwazi ukuguqula ithoni yemizimba yazo, njengokuthakazelisa izilwane ezixubile.
Izimfanelo ezihlukene zonwabu izinyawo ze-zygodactylinear (iminwe ihlanganiswe ezinyandeni ezibuyela emuva ezimbili nezintathu), i-acrodonnate dentition (amazinyo anamathele emaphethelweni omhlathi).
Ngaphezu kwalokho, izinto ezivelele zonwabu amehlo anyakazayo ngokukhululekile, izitho ezibulalayo ezikhiqiza ubuthi obungenabungozi, nolimi olude oluncane oluhlukile futhi olufanele imizimba yazo.
I-Komodo dragon
Iwuhlobo lwesibankwa esikhulu kunazo zonke esisekhona futhi sinendawo nomndeni wakwaVaranidae. Kuyindawo yesiqhingi sase-Komodo nezinye izixhobo ezingomakhelwane zeziqhingi ezincane zase-Sunda e-Indonesia.
Intshiseko ngobukhulu obuphelele be-creeper kanye nokuthambekela konya kwayo kuye kwavumela lezi zilwane ezisengozini ukuba zibe intokozo yokuvakasha kwemvelo, okuthuthuke ukuphepha kwazo.
Imindeni yabantu abadala idla abantu abancane bezinhlobo zayo futhi, kwezinye izimo, kubantu abadala abahluke kakhulu. Bangakwazi ukugijima ngokushesha futhi ngezikhathi ezithile bahlasele futhi benze izenzo ezisongela ubuqotho bomzimba bomuntu.
Iziqhingi zaseGalapagos Ufudu Olulukhulu
Mhlawumbe yizinhlobo ezidume kakhulu eGalapagos. Iqiniso liyatshelwa, igama elithi Galapagos livela egameni leSpanishi elidala elithi “isihlalo sehhashi”, elibhekisela esimweni samagobolondo athile ezinhlobonhlobo zezimfudu ezinkulu.
Namuhla, lolu fudu lukwazile ukumela ubungqayizivele nobukhazikhazi bempilo eziqhingini zaseGalapagos. Izidalwa zazizulazula engxenyeni ebalulekile yomhlaba ngaphambi kokungena kweHomo sapiens.
Namuhla, atholakala kuphela eziqhingini ezimbalwa ezihlukene ezindaweni ezishisayo, okuhlanganisa iGalapagos Archipelago, Seychelles, kanye neMascarene Islands.
I-Galapagos Marine Iguana
Uxamu wasolwandle ungolunye uhlobo oludumile lweGalapagos. Lesi silwane esinwabuzelayo esivamile siyisibankwa esibalulekile sasolwandle futhi singatholakala ogwini olumangelengele phezu kwenqwaba yeziqhingi.
Uxamu wasolwandle usejwayele ukuzulazula olwandle efuna ukudla, ukuthambekela okuthakazelisayo okuwunikeza ukufinyelela emthonjeni ocebile wokuziphilisa njalo.
Ukudla kwazo okunomsoco kuncike ekukhuleni okuluhlaza okuvela emadwaleni ngisho nezimbaza ezincane. Abafana abakhulu babonakale begxuma befika ekujuleni okungamamitha angamashumi amane futhi bahlala ngaphansi kwamanzi imizuzu efika kwengama-60.
Anaconda
Ohlotsheni lwe-Eunectes, ingenye yezinhlobo ezimbili zezinyoka ezicindezelayo, ezithanda amanzi ezitholakala ezindaweni ezishisayo zaseNingizimu Melika. I-constrictor eluhlaza (i-Eunectes murinus), ebizwa nangokuthi i-Goliath constrictor, i-brincho noma i-kamudi yamanzi.
Kuyi-olive green boa eshintshanisa amabala amnyama ayisiyingi. I-constrictor ephuzi noma eseningizimu (E. notaeus) incane kakhulu.
Ama-constrictor aluhlaza ahlala kuwo wonke amanzi ashisayo empumalanga ye-Andes nasesiqhingini sase-Caribbean saseTrinidad. I-green constrictor iyinyoka enkulu kunazo zonke emhlabeni. Le constrictor ingakwazi ukulinganisa ubude obungaphezu kwamamitha ayi-10.
boa
I-Boa igama elivamile lezinhlobonhlobo zezinyoka eziqinile ezingenabuhlungu. Kunezinhlobo ezingaphezu kuka-40 zama-boas. Ngaphezu kwalokho, i-boa ingaphinde ibhekisele emaqenjini amabili ahlukene ezinyoka: i-Mascarenas, noma i-boas encane (i-ground and wood boas yomndeni we-Tropidophiidae).
Abantu bomndeni u-Boinae bagijima ukusuka kumitha elingu-1 (3,3 ft) ubude esizukulwaneni esithile kufika kumamitha ambalwa. Nakuba lezi zinyoka ngezinye izikhathi zidlula amamitha angu-3,3 (amafidi angu-11) ubude, ezinye zifinyelela ngaphezu kwamamitha angu-5.
cobra
Imfezi ingenye yezinhlobo ezimbalwa zezinyoka ezibulalayo, iningi lazo ezimila izimbambo ezintanyeni zazo ukuze zenze ukhuni. Nakuba i-hood ijwayelekile kuma-cobras, akuwona wonke ahlobene ngokuqinile.
Izimfezi zitholakala ukusuka eningizimu ye-Afrika ukuya eningizimu ye-Asia ukuya eziqhingini zaseNingizimu-mpumalanga ye-Asia. Ubulili obuhlukahlukene buyizinketho ezingcono kakhulu zama-snake charmer.
Inyoka
Inendawo nomndeni wakwaViperidae. Kungenzeka ukuthi kunoma yiziphi izinhlobo ezingaphezu kuka-200 zezinyoka ezinobuthi ezinendawo enemihlangano emibili: i-pit viper (umndeni omncane we-Crotalinae) kanye ne-Old World viper (umndeni omncane wase-Viperinae), ochwepheshe abathile abayibheka njengemindeni engayodwa.
Zidla izilwane ezincane futhi zijahe futhi zishaye futhi zonakalisa inyamazane yazo. Izinyoka zama-garter zimelelwa ngamazinyo amabili amade, angenalutho, agcwele ubuthi axhunywe emathanjeni ahlukahlukene omhlathi ongenhla (i-maxillae), agoqa abuyele emlonyeni lapho engasetshenziswa.
isikhumba
Kusukela emndenini wakwaScinidae, ingenye yezinhlobo ezingu-1.275 zezilwane ezihuquzelayo. Ama-Skink ama-squatters angaqondakali, noma ama-burrowers, atholakala engxenyeni enkulu yomhlaba, kodwa ahluke kakhulu eNingizimu-mpumalanga ye-Asia naseziqhingini ezihlobene nayo, izingwadule zase-Australia, nezindawo ezipholile zaseNyakatho Melika.
Izinhlobo ezinkulu kakhulu zama-skinks zifinyelela ubude obungama-intshi angu-30 (76 cm), nokho izinhlobo eziningi zingaphansi kwama-intshi angu-8 (20 cm) ubude. Ezinye izinhlobo ze-skink zingase zibe nezici, isibonelo ama-appendages anciphile noma angekho kanye nama-eardrums ahlehlisiwe.
Isibungu Esinemilenze Emibili
Cishe kuwuhlobo lwesilwane esivame ukutholakala ngobuningi, nokho, kuyivelakancane etholakala ngezikhathi ezithile emikhakheni ethile yomhlaba. Umcwaningi uPapenfuss waqoqa izibonelo ezingu-2.719 1982 ekuphenyweni okubanzi kwezinhlobo zezilwane azihola ngo-XNUMX.
ingwe ufudu
Iwuhlobo lofudu olukhulu kunawo wonke eningizimu ye-Afrika. Iwuhlobo lomzali wezinhlobonhlobo ze-Stigmochelys futhi imvamisa igcinwa njengesidalwa sendawo ngenxa yekhono layo lokuzivumelanisa nokuboshwa, lapho izidalwa ezinjalo zikhuliswa khona ngokuphumelelayo.
UGecko
I-Gecko yinoma yisiphi isilwane esihuquzelayo somndeni wakwaGekkonidae, esihlanganisa izizukulwane ezingaphezu kwe-100 kanye nezinhlobo ezicishe zibe yi-1000. Ikakhulukazi, ziyizilwane ezihuquzelayo ezincane zasebusuku ezinezikhumba ezithambile nezihlabayo ezikhanga amehlo alabo abazincomayo ngobuhle nemibala yazo.
Futhi banomzimba omfushane, oyisigqiki, ikhanda elikhulu, futhi ngokuvamile nezitho ezikhule kahle. Izinhlobo eziningi ziphakathi kuka-3 no-15 cm ubude, kuhlanganise nobude bomsila.
I-Phrynocephalus noma i-Arabian agama
Lezi zidalwa zibizwa nangokuthi ama-chameleon e-Old World ngenxa yekhono lawo elimangalisayo lokushintsha ithoni yemizimba yazo. Ngokuvamile ziba nomzimba onwetshiwe, oqinile, osezingeni futhi, isikhathi eside, umsila othambile obekwe phansi.
wake wazibuza kusho ukuthini ukukhasa?, Ukwakheka okuqinile kwalesi silwane kusivumela ukuthi senze lesi senzo ngaphandle kokuphazamiseka, kuyingxenye yemvelo yaso enyoka.
