I-Los Izilwane Ezingenazinambuzane, yizo zonke ezinolwazi lokuhlinzeka noma ukunakekela ukudla okusekelwa ngokuphelele noma ngokwengxenye izilwane ezingenamgogodla. Okusho ukuthi, izinambuzane, ezihlanganisa ama-arachnids, izibungu kanye neminenke. Thola konke mayelana nabo lapha.
Izilwane Ezingenazinambuzane
I-Los izilwane ezinambuzane, yilabo ababhekisela kulabo Izinhlobo zezilwane noma izinhlobo. Banokudla okuyingxenye noma okuphelele, okucebile ngezilwane ezingenamgogodla. Lapho isiphetho siwukudla ngamaprotheni lawa akwazi ukuwanika. Okujwayelekile ukuthi ukudla kufana nalokhu:
- Ama-insectos
- Ama-Arachnids
- Umhlonyane
- Iminenke
Ukuba nomehluko wokuthi ngokwesibonelo kungase kube nezinhlobo ezidla izinambuzane kuphela. Nakuba ezinye ziyinhlanganisela yalezi nemifino, izithelo, iziqu, amaqabunga, phakathi kwabanye. Okusho ukuthi, zingaba inhlanganisela yezinambuzane nezilwane ezidla uhlaza, noma ingxube yezinambuzane ne-frugivore (yezithelo), ne-granivore (yezinhlamvu) noma ezinye.
Ngokufanayo, kunezinhlobo zezilwane ezidla kuzo kuphela phakathi nesigaba esisodwa sokuphila kwazo. Okwenzeka ukuthi bese bebuyela ekudleni okuvamile noma kwansuku zonke. Noma ngokuphambene nalokho, bamane bawushintshe unomphela umkhuba wabo.
Ngokwesibonelo, lezo zilwane ezihuquzelayo phakathi nesigaba sazo sokuqala noma izinyanga zokuphila zisekela ukudla kwazo ezinambuzaneni. Kukhona nabanye ukuthi, ngenxa yesidingo se-caloric ephilayo yokukhiqiza nokuzalanisa, yenza kanjalo kuphela kulesi sigaba, phakathi kwabanye. Okusho ukuthi, liziphatha njengemfuneko noma umphelelisi wesidingo esithile.
Ukumelwa ku-Ecosystem
Kufanele kuqashelwe ukuthi izinambuzane zakha isixhumanisi esiyisisekelo ochungechungeni lokudla. Ngenxa yalokhu kutholakala amaprotheni ezilwane ezidingekayo. Okubuye kube namandla okuthi akhona cishe kuzo zonke i-ecosystem kuPlanethi Yomhlaba.
Okuningi kwe izilwane ezinambuzane Akhiwe izinyoni. Nokho, izinambuzane eziningi ngokwazo nazo zifakiwe ohlwini. Kanye nama-amphibians, izilwane ezihuquzelayo, izilwane ezincelisayo, ama-arachnids, izinhlanzi futhi, nakuba kungakholeki, nezinye izitshalo.
Umnikelo obalulekile waleli fomu, indlela noma ukudla. Kuwukuthi ngalokhu kugcinwa ibhalansi noma isimiso. Ngenani lezilokazane ezikhona emhlabeni. Ngoba ukuze uthole umbono, ingqikithi yalezi zilwane ezincane iphakeme ngokumangalisayo futhi iphakeme ngendlela emangalisayo kuneyabantu.
Ziyini Izinambuzane?
Izinambuzane ziyi-arthropods futhi iyiqembu lezilwane ezihluke kakhulu ePlanethi Yomhlaba. Lezi ezincane ezinomumo womzimba wazo ohlukene, zihlukaniswe futhi zakhiwe ekhanda, isifuba kanye nezitho. Okuthi ngesikhathi sokuziphendukela kwemvelo noma ukuthuthuka kwabo kube noguquko oludala izinguquko esimweni sabo, kanye nemisebenzi. Bakhona emzimbeni wabo:
- i-antenna
- Iphiko elilodwa noma amabili
- amapheya amathathu emilenze
Phakathi kwezigaba zayo ezivelele kakhulu yilezi:
- Odonata, enamapheya amabili amaphiko afana nojekamanzi.
- I-Dermaptera, enezimpondo ezincanyana nezinde ezingavuleki, njengamadlebe.
- I-Diptera noma ama-haltere, anamaphiko amabili njengezimpukane nomiyane.
- I-Lepidoptera, njengamabhu nezimvemvane.
- I-Hymenoptera, njengezintuthwane, izinyosi kanye neminyovu.
- I-Coleoptera, okwathi ngemva kokuguqulwa kwayo, emapheya amabili amaphiko, kusele ipheya elilodwa kuphela.
- I-Orthoptera, enemilenze yangemuva ekhethekile ukugxuma njengezintethe namakhilikithi.
- Ama-Dictyopterans, njengamaphela.
Izici Zezilwane Ezingenazinambuzane
Phakathi kwezici ezimele noma ezifanele ze- izilwane ezinambuzane kukhona okulandelayo:
Isisu esiqinile, esiqinile futhi esiqinile
Ukuze sicubungule ukudla, isilwane esibulala izinambuzane sidinga ukuba nesisu esinamandla nesimelana kakhulu. Ngaphandle kokushiya eceleni ukuthi kumele ibe nogqinsi oluthile oluvumela ukuthi ibekezele futhi ithwale inqubo. Lokhu kungenxa yesidingo esidingekayo nesiphezulu sokugaya izingxenye ezinzima zempango yazo eyakhiwe "chitin". Okuyisici esitholakala emzimbeni we-arthropod esidliwe.
Futhi nokuba yingxenye yokuthi lezi zilwane zidliwa ngokuphelele futhi ngokushesha. Ngakho-ke, isisu kufanele futhi sihambisane nenqubo yokugaya, ngokungangabazeki iyinkimbinkimbi futhi idinga.
Izinzwa
Izilwane ezinalokhu kudla zinendawo yokuthola inyamazane yazo ngokusebenzisa izinzwa zazo. Kukhona ezinye ezigqamayo ngomuzwa wazo wokuhogela omuhle kakhulu, othuthuke kakhulu, lapho zingathola khona inyamazane yazo nangaphansi komhlaba.
Umbono wabo usengubuhle obukhulu, ngoba bayakwazi ukubona ukunyakaza okuncane kakhulu ezindaweni ezikude. Ukwazi ukuthola kalula isinambuzane abazosigwinya ngokuhamba kwesikhathi.
I-Echolocation iyindlela yabo eyinhloko yokubeka noma ukuthola inyamazane yabo, ikakhulukazi ebusuku. Ngenxa yekhono elinamandla lokwazi imvelo ngokuphuma kwemisindo nokuchazwa kwe-echo.
Ulimi Olulungisiwe
I-Los izilwane ezinambuzaneZinolimi oluguquguquke ngokuphelele uma kuqhathaniswa nezinye izinhlobo zezilwane. Ukuqaphela ukuthi yinde kakhulu, futhi iyanamathela (iyanamathela).
Isibonelo salokhu yileso esivezwa ezilwaneni eziningi ezihuquzelayo, Izinhlobo zezinyoni, izilwane ezincelisayo kanye nezilwane ezihlala emanzini.
Ngakolunye uhlangothi, uma isilwane singenalo ulimi olusivumela ukuba sithathe ukudla okuncane noma okuncane kude. Ngeke kube yisithiyo ukuyithola ngoba emzimbeni wakho uzoba nokunye ukuthuthuka okuzokwenza kube nesidingo esifanayo. Njengoba kunjalo nge-Aye Aye Monkey, enomunwe omncane kakhulu futhi omude, onikezwe isipikili esibukhali.
Izinwele Ezizwelayo
Lezi zinwele ezibucayi, ezibizwa ngokuthi "vibrissae", zitholakala kokunye kwalokhu okulandelayo, ngaleyo ndlela kube lula ukutholakala kwesinambuzane esisondelayo esakha isisulu saso. Lezi zingatholakala phakathi kokunye ku:
- izitshalo ezibulala izinambuzane.
- Izilwane ezincelisayo (ekhanda, izingxenye zezitho noma ezindebeni).
- Izinyoni (phansi kwezimpaphe zamaphiko, imilenze noma phansi koqhwaku).
- I-Diptera, eduze kwayo nomgodi womlomo, phakathi kokunye.
Izindlela Zokuzingela
Izindlela ezisetshenziswa ukubamba noma ukuzingela inyamazane izilwane ezinambuzane Zihluke kakhulu komunye nomunye. Kukhona okufana nalokhu okulandelayo:
- Yethula ulimi njengokudubula ukusuka ebangeni elibalulekile, uvumele inyamazane ukuthi ihlale inamathele ngenxa ye-viscosity yayo. Njengoba iyiyo esetshenziswa amaxoxo namanyonga.
- Ngokuthungatha, ukuphishekela kanye nokubanjwa okulandelayo, lapho kalula kukhishwa ukudlidliza okukhiqizwa yinyamazane ngokuhamba kwayo. Izicabucabu zinhle kakhulu ekubambeni ukudlidliza.
Ukulawulwa kwezinto eziphilayo
Lokhu kwenziwa ngokungeniswa endaweni edingekayo yezinhlobo zezinambuzane. Ngayo kungenzeka ukulawula ukuhlanganiswa okuphezulu kwezinambuzane endaweni.
Lapho inzuzo iwukuthi aziqedwa ngokuphelele njengoba kwenzeka ngokusetshenziswa kwezibulala-zinambuzane noma izibulala-zinambuzane. Kodwa ubuningi bayo buncishisiwe, kudala isimo kanye nokulawula okuphelele kwezinto eziphilayo. Ngaphezu kokunciphisa ngokuphelele izindleko, njengoba kuyinto engokwemvelo.
Izibonelo Zezilwane Ezingenazinambuzane
Okulandelayo yizibonelo ze izilwane ezinambuzane:
AmaMamferfer
Ezilwaneni ezincelisayo ezikhona, kunezinhlobo ezingaphezu kuka-400 eziyizinambuzane, ngaphandle kokuthi zincane kakhulu kulezi zinhlobo. Phakathi kwazo kukhona:
- I-Armadillo
Ngaphandle kokuthanda izimpande ezinesifo sofuba, lesi silwane sikhangwa kakhulu izilwane ezihlala emanzini nasemanzini, izilwane ezihuquzelayo, kanye nezinambuzane. Lapho okudliwayo ikakhulukazi kwenziwa imisundu, amabhungane, umuhlwa, izintuthwane, izikelemu, izibungu, izintethe neminenke.
- UMurciélago
Lesi ngesinye sezilwane ezincelisayo okuthi, kuye ngezinhlobonhlobo, wukudla kwaso. Mayelana namalulwane abulala izinambuzane, lezi zihlanganisa ukuhlukahluka okunamandla ekudleni kwawo, okugqamayo, izinambuzane, amabhu, amasele, izinyoni ezincane. Njengomiyane, amanye amalulwane, izinhlanzi, amabhungane, izibankwa, amabhu, phakathi kwabanye.
Ama-Amphibians
Ama-amphibians angenazinambuzane agqama ngokuba nolimi olunamathela kakhulu, oluzisiza ngokuphelele ukuze izinambuzane zihlale zinamathelene ngaso leso sikhathi. Izibonelo zalokhu yilezi:
- I-Salamander
Le-amphibian enezinambuzane ine-predilection yokudla ama-coleopteran njengama-ladybugs namabhungane. Ama-gastropods afana neminenke, ama-oligochaetes afana nezikelemu zomhlaba. Izinhlobonhlobo ezinkulu zezinambuzane, izicabucabu, izikelemu, phakathi kwabanye.
- Inkunzi yesele
I-bullfrog iyingxenye ye izilwane ezinambuzane edla izicabucabu, amalulwane, izinyoni ezincane, izimfudu, izinhlanzi, amagundane, izinyoka. Futhi izibankwa, iminenke, izibankwa, phakathi kokunye.
Inhlanzi
Lezi zinolimi oluzivumela ukuthi zizingele inyamazane yazo, zikwazi ukuzilandela. Phakathi kwazo kukhona okulandelayo:
- Carp
Ngaphandle kokudla izitshalo zasemanzini, le nhlanzi ikhangwa kakhulu izinambuzane, izikelemu, izikelemu, kanye ne-zooplankton nama-crustaceans.
- Inhlanzi Yezembe
I-hatchet fish ihlanganisa ekudleni kwayo, izibungu, izibungu zomiyane, izimfanzi, izimpukane zezithelo, izimpukane ze-vinegar, phakathi kwabanye.
Iziqubuzelayo
Eziningi zezilwane ezihuquzelayo zisekela ukudla kwazo ezinambuzaneni. Kodwa-ke, kukhona nalabo abadla ngale ndlela kuphela phakathi nezinyanga zabo zokuqala zokuphila bese beshintsha umkhuba wabo ngokuphelele ngemva kokufinyelela izinga elithile lokukhula. Phakathi kwezilwane ezihuquzelayo ezingenazinambuzane kukhona okulandelayo:
- Chameleon
Unwabu ungomunye wabo izilwane ezinambuzane enokudla okuhlukahlukene kakhulu, lapho ukubikezelwa kwayo kusekelwe kumakhilikithi, amaphela, ama-silkworms. Kanye nezimpukane zezithelo, ama-lobster, izimpukane zeviniga, izibungu ze-wax, i-zophobas kanye nezibungu ze-tenebrio, izintethe, phakathi kwabanye.
- inyoka enesisu esibomvu
Ngaphandle kokudla ezinye izinyoka, zihlanganisa amaxoxo, izilwane ezihuquzelayo ezincane nezilwane ezincelisayo. Kanye nezibankwa, izinyoni, phakathi kwabanye.
Aves
Izinyoni ezidla izinambuzane zinekhono elikhulu ekubambeni inyamazane yazo. Ngalokhu, zisebenzisa uboya obuncane obuzwelayo obutholakala ngaphansi koqhwaku lwazo, oluzivumela ukuba zibambe ukundindizela okukhishwa ukubhakuzisa kwamaphiko ezinyamazane zazo. Uqhwaku lwayo yilona bhande layo elingcono kakhulu, futhi liyabasiza lapho bebheka lezi phakathi komhlaba. Izibonelo zalezi zinyoni yilezi:
- Ukugwinya
Este isilwane esingenazinambuzane idla ukudla okunhlobonhlobo, okugqama kakhulu izimpukane, izintethe, izintuthwane endizayo. Kanye nojekamanzi, izimvemvane, omiyane, amabhungane, onyendle, amabhu, phakathi kwabanye.
- Umqophamithi
I-woodpecker inyoni esekela ukudla kwayo ezinhlobonhlobo zezinambuzane, umuhlwa, izibungu zakho zombili izintuthwane namabhungane. Ngokufanayo, ufisa ngokuqhubekayo izibungu, amabhungane amadala, Izintuthwane ezindizayo, Izibankwa. Igcwalisa ukudla kwayo ngezithelo, umpe wezimbali, ubisi lwesihlahla, phakathi kokunye.
Ama-insectos
Izinambuzane eziziphatha njengazo izilwane ezinambuzaneBafaka nemifino ekudleni kwabo, okuhlanganisa ebolayo, izidumbu ngisho nezinkuni. Isibonelo sazo yilezi:
- Impukane yedrako
Lesi sinambuzane esibulala izinambuzane sidla izimpukane, amabhu, omiyane, izimvemvane, izinyosi, izibungu zomiyane, izinambuzane zasemanzini, tadpoles, izinhlanzi ezincane. Futhi mayflies, omiyane, izinambuzane ezincane, phakathi kwabanye.
- Iminyovu
Imivi, ngaphandle kokufaka impova yezimbali, izithelo kanye nenyama efile ekudleni kwayo. Okukhethayo kusekelwe izibungu zezinye iminyovu, izinambuzane ezincane, amakhilikithi, izimpukane, amacimbi, izicabucabu, phakathi kwabanye.
Ama-Arachnids
Cishe wonke ama-arachnid ayizinambuzane, izibonelo zazo yilezi ezilandelayo:
- I-Tarantula
Le arachnid isekela ukudla kwayo kumakhilikithi, izintethe, amaphela, izikelemu, izinkumbi, izimpukane zezithelo, izikelemu, ama-zophobas. Futhi amabhu, izikelemu zoju, amaselele, izibankwa, amagundane, amaxoxo, amabhungane namanye ama-arachnids.
- Scorpion
I-scorpion ekudleni kwayo ihlanganisa izinambuzane ezihlukahlukene, amaphela, amakhilikithi, ama-lobster, izikelemu, izibankwa, amaxoxo, amabhungane, izicabucabu, phakathi kokunye.
Izimila
Izitshalo ezihlukile kwezinambuzane ezidlayo zivame ukubonwa "njengezidla inyama". Kubo, lokhu kudla kumelela ukudla okuvamile, ngoba, njengezinye izitshalo ezisePlanethi Yomhlaba, umthombo wazo ophelele wamandla uvela enqubweni ye-photosynthesis. Phakathi kwezitshalo ezihlukaniswa njengezinambuzane kukhona okulandelayo:
- I-Aldrovanda
Lesi sitshalo sasemanzini, esivame ukubizwa ngokuthi isondo lamanzi. Isebenzisa izikhali zayo zokubhukuda ukuze isondele kakhulu phezulu. Ibe isisebenzisa amaqabunga ayo anamathelayo ukuze ibambe inyamazane yayo, eyidla ngosizo lwamazinyo ayo azungezwe amazinyo. Igqama ngokufaka izibungu zomiyane ekudleni kwayo, kanye namazeze avamile amanzi.
- UDionaea muscipula
Lesi sitshalo esibulala izinambuzane, esidabuka e-United States of America, siwukuphela kwezinhlobo ze-monotypic genus Dionaea. Ivamise ukuhlonzwa ngamagama athi "Dionea flytrap" noma "Venus flytrap". Ukudla kwabo kusekelwe kakhulu ezinambuzaneni ezinjengezimpukane nama-arachnids. Inqubo yayo yokugaya ukudla ngemva kokungenisa ukudla ithatha cishe izinsuku eziyi-10, okuyilapho ibuya khona izozingela inyamazane yayo entsha.
Incazelo ye-Entomophagy
Leli gama lamagama yilelo elichaza abantu abathambekele ekusebenziseni kokubili izinambuzane nama-arachnid njengengxenye yokudla kwabo. Lapho izifundo zicacisa khona, ukuthi kumzimba womuntu lokhu kumelela i-gastronomy ecebile ngemisoco yekhwalithi ephezulu kakhulu. Kanye namaphesenti aphezulu amaprotheni, nawo aqinisekisa ukuthi ukunambitheka kwawo kumnandi futhi akufani.
Ukuba njengoba eceliwe kakhulu izitsha, for ukunambitheka omele yayo futhi ungalokothi ngenxa yokushoda kokudla, ibhungane nge amaphesenti isicelo 31%. Izimvemvane namabhu alandela ngo-18%; iminyovu, izinyosi nezintuthwane ezine-14%. Intethe ngo-13%. Ama-aphid, izimbungulu nama-cicadas ane-10% kanti amanye ane-14%. Amazwe okujwayele ukusetshenziswa kuwo yilawa alandelayo:
Mexico, South Africa, Egypt, Somalia, Thailand, Chile, Uruguay, Brazil, Democratic Republic of Congo, Morocco, Angola, Japan. Kanye neNdiya, i-United States, iChina, iCentral African Republic, iGhana, iCameroon, iPhilippines, i-Australia, phakathi kwabanye.
