Besilokhu sithathekile izilwane zasogwadule futhi umbuzo olandelayo uvame ukuvela: bakwazi kanjani ukuphila ezindaweni ezimbi kangaka? Kulokhu okuthunyelwe sizozama ukucacisa lokho nokunye ukungabaza.
Ziphila kanjani izilwane zasogwadule?
Izingwadule izindawo ezinezici zazo, ezivame kakhulu kunalokho okuvame ukucatshangwa. Futhi, ngokuphambene nenkolelo evamile, zingatholakala kokubili ezindaweni ezishisayo nezibandayo, ezaziwa ngokuthi izingwadule eziyiqhwa noma ezishisayo. Nakuba kuzo zombili izimo babelana cishe ngokungabi bikho kwemvula.
Ngendlela yokuthi inhlabathi yezingwadule iwugwadule, yomile futhi ilukhuni. Nokho, lesi simo esibucayi asikuvimbi ukuba khona kwezilwane nezitshalo kulezi zindawo. Nokho, kokubili izitshalo nezilwane zalo kuye kwadingeka zivumelane nezimo ezinzima.
Kodwa izidalwa ezihlala kulezi zindawo ezingathandeki azivamile njengoba ngokuvamile kucatshangwa. Nakuba kufanele kuqashelwe ukuthi azihlukene kakhulu, ikakhulukazi uma ziqhathaniswa nezinhlobonhlobo ezinkulu zezinhlobo eziqoqwa amahlathi namahlathi.
Lokhu kwenzeka ngoba amahlamvu asogwadule anemithombo yamanzi eyivelakancane, ngakho ukukhula kwawo kuhamba kancane. Lokhu kungabonakala endaweni ecishe ibe ngenalutho, enikeza amathuba ambalwa okuthi izilwane zidle. Kodwa futhi akubavumeli ukukhetha okwengeziwe ukuze bavikeleke elangeni nasemoyeni.
Ngaleyo ndlela abakwazanga ukwenza ngaphandle kokuzivumelanisa nezimo ezingezinhle zokushisa. Ziyakwazi nokukhuthazela izinsuku zonke zingaphuzile amanzi, kuyilapho kufanele zikwazi ukuthola ukudla ebusuku, ukuze zigweme ilanga elishisayo.
Ngakho, ukuphila kwezilwane zasogwadule kwenziwa umhlatshelo ngokwedlulele, ngenxa yezinambuzane nezilwane ezincelisayo ezinkulu. Nokho, uhlobo ngalunye lunezici zalo eziluhlukanisayo kwezinye. Kodwa sizokhuluma ngalokho maduze.
Izilwane zasogwadule: izibonelo nezici
Lapha sizobhekisela ezibonelweni ezithile futhi izici zezilwane zasogwadule, kodwa ezingwadule ezishisayo, njengoba ezindaweni ezishisayo ziyindlala kakhulu, ngakho sizozishiya kwesinye isenzakalo.
Ikhamela
Akungabazeki ukuthi amakamela angesinye sezilwane zokuqala ezifika engqondweni lapho sizwa igama elithi ugwadule. Njengoba kwaziwa iningi, lezi zilwane ezidumile zingaqongelela inqwaba yamafutha ku-hump yazo. Kungamafutha kamuva azoshiswa futhi aphinde agaywe umzimba wakho, njengoba ungakwazi ukuthola ukudla.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, amakamela anezinwele eziwugqinsi ezindlebeni zawo, okuvimbela isihlabathi ukuba singangeni ezindlebeni zawo. Kwenzeka okufanayo ngezinkophe zakhe, nazo eziwugqinsi futhi zinde.
Kodwa kukhona ukujwayela okumangalisayo nakakhulu kulokhu kuqala ohlwini lwezilwane zasogwadule. Sikhuluma ngolwelwesi olukhethekile abanalo emehlweni nasezinselweni. Lezi zifeza imisebenzi efanayo yezicathulo abantu abazisebenzisayo ukuhamba eqhweni.
Dingo
Okulandelayo kulolu hlu lwezilwane zasogwadule, ziphuma ezinjeni ezifuywayo. Kodwa laba bahlala ezindaweni eziwugwadule e-Australia, lapho bengakala khona amamitha angu-1,5. Ama-Dingoes ahlala ngamaqembu emindeni, nakuba angahlanganiswa ngamaphakethe amakhulu ukuze enze ukuzingela kuphumelele.
Ekuqaleni lezi zilwane zazisekela ukudla kwazo kuma-kangaroo, nakuba lapho umuntu efika emazweni azo abanzi, ukunambitheka kwazo kwashintsha, ngakho manje sezithambekele kakhulu ezimvini nakonogwaja.
Peccary
Kuyisilwane esincelisayo esinikezwe uhlelo lokugaya ukudla oluqine ngokwedlulele, kangangokuthi siyakwazi ukumunca i-cacti ngaphandle kokuthintwa yinqwaba yalezi zitshalo.
Njengoba kungase kubonakale, kuyindlela eyeqisayo yokuphila, njengoba i-cacti, ngaphezu kokuba umthombo wokudla, iphinde inikeze i-peccary, njengezinye izidalwa, ngenani elikhulu loketshezi olubalulekile.
Ganga
AmaGanga yizinyoni ezihlala ezindaweni ezomile kakhulu e-Asia naseNyakatho Afrika. Okumangazayo ngalezi zinyoni ukuthi izimpaphe zesisu zazo zinomshini ozivumela ukuba zimunce futhi zibambe amanzi amancane.
Amaduna aziwa ngokusebenzisa lezi zimpaphe njengezipontshi, ukuthwala amanzi ezidlekeni zawo futhi abelane ngawo nabalingani bawo kanye namatshwele.
Ohamba ngomgwaqo
Manje sizobona esinye sezilwane zasogwadule ezidume kakhulu: umgijimi womgwaqo. Lena inyoni evamile endaweni eyome kakhulu eNyakatho Melika. Lezi zilwane ezinhle azigcini nje ngokuhambisana ne-coyote edumile, kodwa futhi ziyakwazi ukuphila ngaphandle kokumunca amanzi.
Lesi simangaliso semvelo singenzeka, ngenxa yokuthi bathola uketshezi olubalulekile ekudleni kwabo. Kodwa njengazo zonke izinhlobo zezilwane, le nsiba esheshayo futhi ehlakaniphile idinga ukukhipha amaminerali engayidingi. Inkinga ukuthi awukwazi ukukwenza ngomchamo, njengoba lokhu kungaba ukumosha uketshezi okungenakuxolelwa.
Ngaleyo ndlela, umgijimi womgwaqo ugxilisa wonke la maminerali ethonsini elilodwa loketshezi, alikhipha njengezinyembezi endlaleni eseduze kwamehlo.
inyoka yesihlabathi
Lesi sakhamuzi sasogwadule singenye yezinyoka ezibulala kakhulu emhlabeni. Ukubulawa kwayo kungenxa ye-hemotoxin eyikhiqizayo, ekwazi ukubulala noma iyiphi inyamazane cishe ngaso leso sikhathi.
I-sand viper isekela ukudla kwayo ezilwaneni ezincelisayo ezincane, kanye nezinyoni nezibankwa. Ihlala ogwadule lwaseSahara futhi ingafinyelela ku-35 cm ubude. Ibuye ibonakale ngekhanda layo elingunxantathu namehlo amancane.
Amabhungane
Kulezi zidalwa zasogwadule kunezinhlobo eziningana. Njengesibonelo nje singacaphuna ibhungane lobulongwe noma i-Stenocara gracilipes beetle.
Ibhungane lobulongwe, noma i-acatanga, lalimelela uphawu oluhloniphekile eGibhithe lasendulo. Lo mncane wasenganekwaneni owasinda udla indle yezinye izilwane zasogwadule. Ngenxa yalokhu bavame ukubumba indle efana nebhola bese bephushela emgodini wabo, okusuka kuwo igama labo.
Ngakolunye uhlangothi, i-Stenocara gracilipes iyindawo ehlala ogwadule lwaseNamib, eningizimu ye-Afrika. Ngenxa yokuba seduze kolwandle, lo mkhathi obanzi uzuza enkunguni yasolwandle ekuseni kakhulu. Kungale nkungu lapho la mabhungane ethola khona amanzi awadingayo ukuze aphile ogwadule.
Wenza kanjani? Hhayi-ke, mhlawumbe awukholwa. Kuvele ukuthi lezi zidalwa zihlala isikhathi eside zinganyakazi ukuze inkungu ibambene emizimbeni yazo. Khona-ke, lapho sekudaliwe amaconsi ambalwa, amabhungane aqeda ukoma kwawo ngamanzi ahlanzekile futhi kuze kube ngakusasa, lapho, njengoba usuvele ucabanga, kufanele ngaso sonke isikhathi uvuke ekuseni.
I-Adax
Okulandelayo kulolu hlu lwezilwane zasogwadule uhlobo lwenyamazane ehlala eSahara eyomile nebulalayo. Yi-addax, isidalwa esisengozini yokushabalala ngenxa yokuzingela ngokungakhethi. Njengamanje sekusele amakhophi angaba ngu-500 kuphela. Basuka eMauritania, eChad naseNigeria.
Lezi zilwane ezinhle zasogwadule zibonakala ngezimpondo ezisontekile noboya obuphaphathekile, yingakho zibuye zibizwe ngokuthi. inhlwathi emhlophe.
Ukudla kwabo kusekelwe emakhambi, amaqabunga kanye nezitshalo ezivamile zasogwadule. Okumangazayo ukuthi lesi silwane esincelisayo sikhipha amanzi amaningi esiwadingayo ekudleni. Ngendlela yokuthi bangasinda ekuntulekeni okukhulu kwamanzi okuphawula iSahara.
Ama-Varanids
Umndeni we-Varanidae uhlanganisa ndawonye izinhlobo eziningi zezibankwa ezivela e-Afrika, nakuba iningi lazo lihlala ogwadule lwase-Sahara. Babonakala ngokuba nobuthi futhi benza ngobudlova lapho bezizwa besongelwa. Inegazi elibandayo, okuphoqa ukuthi ilale phakathi kukaMandulo no-April.
Lezi zilwane ezihuquzelayo zisekela ukudla kwazo kumagundane kanye nezinhlanzi namaqanda. Kodwa ngokulinganayo, futhi uma isimo sivuma, zingadla izinyoni nezilwane ezincelisayo ezincane. Angakwazi ukukala phakathi kwemitha elilodwa namabili ubude.
intshe enentamo ebomvu
Le nyoni yaseNyakatho Afrika ingenye yezinkulu emhlabeni. Ingafinyelela kumamitha angu-2,7 ubude. Intamo yayo imbozwe izimpaphe ezibomvana nezibomvu. Ngenkathi amaduna, kuwo wonke umzimba wawo aveza izimpaphe ezimnyama nezimhlophe, ezishintsha zibe mpunga uma kwabesifazane.
Izitho zayo ezinde neziqinile ziyenza ibe ngesinye sezilwane ezisheshayo eSahara, njengoba ingafinyelela isivinini esingu-64 km/h, okuyibeka ezingeni lezinsephe.
Ngolunye uhlobo lwezilwane ezisengozini ngenxa yokuzingela okungekho emthethweni kanye nokushabalala kancane kancane kwezindawo zokuhlala. Izintshe okwamanje zikhona kuphela emazweni ayisithupha kwayishumi nesishiyagalombili ezazihlala kuwo.
IHyrax
Lesi esinye sezilwane zasogwadule isilwane esincelisayo esidla uhlaza esitholakala eningizimu yeSahara naseMpumalanga Ephakathi ngokuvamile. Kunezinhlobo ezine zalezi zilwane, ezivame ukuhlala emifantwini phakathi kwamadwala, ngamaqembu angafinyelela ama-specimens angu-80.
Ukugxila okunjalo kungenxa yokuthi i-hyrax ayinalo uhlelo olwanele lokulawula izinga lokushisa layo. Ngale ndlela yokuthi baphoqeleke ukuthi bahlale besondelene kakhulu ukuze bagweme ukulahlekelwa ukushisa komzimba.
Singakhohlwa ukuthi ogwadule amazinga okushisa avame ukwehla kakhulu ebusuku, ngisho nangaphansi kuka-0° Celsius, okuyinselele enkulu yokuphila kwalezi zidalwa nezinye eziningi.
insephe evamile
Eyaziwa nangokuthi i-dorca, i- common gazelle iwuhlobo lwensephe ehlala eSahara futhi iphakathi kwezinhlobo ezisengozini yokushabalala. I-IUCN.
Namuhla kunamakhophi aphakathi kuka-35 no-40 kuphela. Kodwa-ke, i-gazelle evamile ijwayele kakhulu izimo zasogwadule, kangangokuthi ikwazi ukubekezelela impilo yayo yonke ngaphandle kokufaka amanzi.
Ukuze zisebenze kangcono, lezi zilwane zasogwadule zihlala zimatasa phakathi kokuhlwa nokusa. Ngalesi sikhathi zifuna futhi zidle amaqabunga, izithelo nezimpande, nanoma yiluphi olunye uhlobo lwezitshalo olutholakalayo.
izimpungushe zasogwadule
Phakathi kwalezi zilwane ezihlakaniphile zasogwadule, i fenek futhi i impungushe ephaphathekile. Ngokuqondene neyokuqala, kufanele kushiwo ukuthi yilungu elincane kakhulu lama-canids. Kuyimpungushe yemvelo evela eGibhithe, Morocco, Nigeria naseKuwait.
Inikezwe izindlela ezenza kube lula ukuthi baphile kulezi zimo zezulu ezome kakhulu. Phakathi kokuzivumelanisa okunjalo, izindlebe zabo ezinde ziyagqama, okubasiza ukuba bakhiphe ukushisa emzimbeni wabo.
Idla izinyoni, amagundane ngisho nezinambuzane. Ezimpungusheni eziphaphathekile, zihlala endaweni ephakathi kweSenegal neSudan. Zinoboya obulula kakhulu, obufana nombala wesihlabathi, okwenza kube lula kuzo ukufihla.
I-Saharan Cheetah
Phakathi kwezilwane ezinkulu ezidla ezinye ezenza ukuphila eSahara, ingulule yendawo ingenye evelele kakhulu, ikakhulukazi endaweni emaphakathi-ntshonalanga lapho ihlala khona.
Ngeshwa, lezi zilwane zasogwadule nazo zibalwe njengezisengozini yi-IUCN. Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi namuhla kunezibonelo zabantu abadala eziphakathi kuka-250 no-300 kuphela. Lo mzingeli owesabekayo udla antelope. Ivamise ukuyofuna inyamazane yayo ebusuku, iyodwa.
Ingulule yaseSahara ihlukaniswa kwezinye izinhlobo ngombala wayo. Kuvela ukuthi iphaphathekile kunamanye, ngakho amachashazi namadeshi angabonakali.
coyote
Izimpungushe, njengezimpungushe, zingamalungu omndeni we-canid, ngakho-ke zifana kakhulu nezinja, nakuba lezi ziyizilwane zasendle. Ingenye yezinhlobo ezimangalisa kakhulu, njengoba ikwazi ukujwayela cishe zonke izinhlobo zesimo sezulu, kusukela ezindaweni ezineqhwa kuya ezindaweni eziwugwadule.
Kodwa futhi ingahlala ezindaweni ezihlala abantu, nakuba ikwazi futhi ukuhlala yodwa. Ngendlela yokuthi umthamo wayo omkhulu wokuzivumelanisa nezimo ungaqondwa. Kepha lapho zihlala ogwadule, lezi zilwane zidla amagundwane, nawofezela, Izinyoni ngisho nezilwane ezihuquzelayo. Awedluli amakhilogremu angama-25 ngesisindo eminyakeni yawo eyishumi nantathu yokuphila okujwayelekile.
indlovu yasogwadule
Lesi silwane esikhulukazi sihlala ezindaweni eziwugwadule enyakatho-ntshonalanga yeNamibia. Ingenye yezinhlobo ezimbalwa zezindlovu ezijwayele isimo sezulu sasogwadule.
Ukuze aphile, kuye kwadingeka alungise umzimba wakhe kanye ne-metabolism. Into yokuqala okumele uyiqaphele yizitho zayo, ezinde futhi eziyisicaba kunezabanye abazala bayo. Ushintsho oluzivumela ukuthi zihambe ngokushelela esihlabathini.
Kodwa ukuze zikwazi ukumelana kangcono nezimo ezinzima zasogwadule, zaba zincane kunezinye izinhlobo zezilwane, okuzivumela ukuba zikwazi ukuphila endaweni eyihlaza ewugwadule.
gerbil
Lawa magundane amahle athandwa kakhulu, ngoba avame ukuba yizilwane ezifuywayo njengomzala wawo ama-hamster. Kodwa-ke, ama-gerbil aphiwe ngokomzimba ngendlela yokuthi akwazi ukuphila endle ngaphandle kokungenelela komuntu.
Izidalwa ezincane ezinjalo zitholakala ogwadule lwase-Afrika, e-Asia naseMpumalanga Ephakathi. Ukudla kwabo kusekelwe ezithelweni, izimpande, imbewu nezimbali. Nakuba lokhu kungashintsha kancane kuye ngezimo zezulu. Kunjalo ukuthi bangadla izibungu nezinambuzane, uma isimo sifuna. Ama-Gerbils awakhuli abe ngaphezu kuka-17 cm ubude, kanti uboya bawo bungaba nsundu okhanyayo, ompunga noma omhlophe.
I-peregrine falcon
Le nyoni ebabazekayo iyakwazi ukuphila cishe kuzo zonke izinhlobo zemvelo esemhlabeni. Lokhu kungenxa yekhono layo lokuzingela, elisekelwe ejubaneni layo elikhulu.
Ngalo mqondo, kufanele wazi ukuthi i-peregrine falcon ibhekwa njengeshesha kunazo zonke izinyoni, njengoba ingandiza ngesivinini esingaphezu kuka-140 km/h. Kodwa kuleso sivinini esibulalayo kufanele kwengezwe umbono ongenakuqhathaniswa, okuvumela ukuthi zithole inyamazane ebangeni elingamamitha angu-300 bese uyibamba kalula.
Phakathi kwalezi zilwane ezineshwa eziphenduka isidlo sazo sakusihlwa, ezinye izinyoni ziyagqama, ikakhulukazi amajuba, nakuba zihlanganisa namagundane nezibankwa ezincane ekudleni kwazo.
i-emperor scorpion
Ingenye yama-scorpions amakhulu, afinyelela ubude obungama-21 cm nesisindo esingama-30 g. Umbala wayo uzohluka ukusuka komnyama kuye kunsundu, kuye ngendawo yokuhlala.
Ubuthi bayo abuzange buqine njengobofezela, kodwa ukuntinyela kwayo kusebuhlungu kakhulu. Kuwuhlobo olujwayelekile lwaseNtshonalanga Afrika, nokho sebedumile njengesilwane esifuywayo sangaphandle.
usathane onameva
Lesi sidalwa esiyinqaba sihlala ngokwemvelo kuphela oGwadule Lwesihlabathi Olukhulu lwase-Australia. Inombala onsundu kanye nezitho ezithile zomzimba ezimnyama.
Nokho, okuphawuleka kakhulu lesi silwane sasogwadule esinelukuluku inqwaba yemigogodla evala umzimba waso, engasetshenziswa kokubili njengesivikelo nokugcina amanzi.
Udeveli omdala onameva angafinyelela ubude obungamasentimitha ayishumi. Ngenkathi insikazi ingaba ngokulandelana kwama-cm angamashumi amabili. Zidla izintuthwane kuphela.
Ufudu lwasogwadule lwaseMojave
Kuyisilwane esine-carapace ensundu emnyama enamabala asawolintshi noma aphuzi. Idabuka ogwadule lwase-Mojave e-US, inoboya obugqinsile kakhulu nezitho zangemuva ezinde, ezacile, evame ukuzisebenzisa ukumba phansi.
Bangakwazi ukukala phakathi kuka-25 no-36 cm ubude, cishe ngo-15 cm ubude. Eyakhe kodwa ngokuvamile ifinyelela ku-23 kg.
Puma
Le feline enonya yaziwa nangokuthi ibhubesi lentaba noma ibhubesi laseMelika ngoba idabuka kulelo zwekazi, lapho iyinkosi engenakuphikiswa. Izilwane ezixakile. Zingezinye zezilwane eziyingozi kakhulu zasogwadule, ezikwazi ukuba nesisindo esingamakhilogremu angu-120 futhi zilinganise u-2,8 m ubude, okuzenza zibe izilwane ezidliwayo okufanele ziqaphele. Okufanele kwenezelwe umuzwa wakhe obukhali wokuzwa ngenxa yezindlebe ezicijile.
Zinoboya obunsundu, nakuba bunokuhlukahluka okuhlukile. Ngokuthakazelisayo, leli kati elikhulu alikwazi ukubhonga, nakuba likwazi ukwenza eminye imisindo enjengokubhonga nokubhodla. Ungumzingeli ozingela yedwa futhi obulalayo.
inhlwathi
Lesi sidalwa esisheshayo singesinye sezilwane izilwane zasogwadule zaseMexico nase-Arizona, eU.S.A.Onojeke abakhulu ababonakala kalula ngezindlebe zabo ezinde kakhulu nezicijile. Umbala wayo ungahluka phakathi kompunga, onsundu, owolintshi ngisho nomhlophe.
Idla ngokuyisisekelo i-cactus namaqabunga amaqabunga asogwadule ayivelakancane. Nakuba ngokumangalisayo baye babonakala bedla emhlabeni ukuze bathole amaminerali.
IGuanaco
Leli yicala elixakile, ngoba ngaphezu kokuhlala ezindaweni zase-Andean e-Argentina, ePeru naseBolivia, uphakathi kwamazwe. Izilwane zasogwadule zaseChile, i-Atacama, eyome kakhulu emhlabeni.
Kuyilungu lomndeni wakwaCamelidae, ngakho-ke kungaba ikamela laseNingizimu Melika. Kuyisilwane sasendle esiphambene nomzala waso i-llama, okungowasekhaya. Ilinganiselwa ku-1,60 m ubude futhi inesisindo esingama-91 kg. Kuyamangaza ukuthi ingesinye sezilwane ezincelisayo ezimbalwa ezikwazi ukuphuza amanzi anosawoti ngaphandle kwenkinga, okuyenza ibe ngesinye sezilwane ezincelisayo. Izilwane ezingavamile evela eNingizimu Melika.
ezinye izilwane zasogwadule
Ukuqeda sengeza abanye izilwane ezihlala ogwadule ongadinga ukwazi:
- I-Dromedary (Camelus dromedarius)
- american black vulture
- i-scorpion enomsila onamafutha
- i-yellow palestinian scorpion
- isibankwa se-armadillo
- I-Mojave Rattlesnake
- imfezi yaseGibhithe
- isicabucabu bekamela
- inqe elivamile
- isiqophamithi sasogwadule
- ugwadule
- I-Sonoran Owl
- isikhova sikaFaro
- i-western desert tarantula
- ibhungane laseNamibia
- Ama-tarantula okuzingela iminyovu
- ilulwane lasenyakatho
- Ikhangaru ebomvu
- iguana yasogwadule
- igundane lasogwadule
- i-cape fox
- Igundane Losawoti
Sithemba ukuthi lokhu okuthunyelwe kube usizo kuwe ukwazi yiziphi izilwane ogwadule.