I-Lacandon Jungle iyisifunda esibalulekile eMexico esinomthelela omkhulu kwezemvelo eChiapas, ngaphezu kokuba indawo yokuhlala yezinhlobo eziningi zezilwane. izilwane ze-Lacandona Jungle. Ukukhululeka kwayo kanye nesimo sezulu kwenza ukulingana kulesi simiso sezinto eziphilayo esenza kube lula ukuphila kwayo, okwengeziwe ngaleli hlathi kuzochazwa lapha.
Ihlathi laseLacandon
I-Lacandona Jungle noma Ugwadule LwaseSoledad olusendaweni yaseMexico, ikakhulukazi esifundazweni saseChiapas, iyisifunda okwamanje esingesona ngisho nengxenye yobukhulu esasiyiso emashumini amane eminyaka edlule, lokhu kungenxa yokuthi siye sagawulwa amahlathi, kuye kwaba khona. ukuzingelwa ngokungemthetho ezindaweni zabo, abantu babasa umlilo ngisho namaqeqebana ahlala khona ngokungemthetho. Lesi yisifunda esihlanganisa cishe u-13% wendawo yesifunda esishiwo ngenhla.
Kusukela ngo-1960, ukufuduka kwezizwe zomdabu ezinjengamaCholes namaTseltals kwaqala ukugcwala kulezo zindawo zasehlathini laseLacandon ezazingahlali muntu ngaleso sikhathi, lezi zizwe zahlala ezindaweni ezifana neLacanjá-Chansanyab, Naha, Metzabok kanye neBethel. nenani elikhulu labantu elinabantu abangaphezu kuka-500.
Cishe eminyakeni engu-20 kamuva, izakhamuzi zale ndawo zase zingaphezu kwezi-4.900 eNueva Palestina nezingaphezu kwezi-3.100 e-Corozal Border. Ekupheleni kwawo-80, lezi zakhamuzi zazingaphezu kuka-5.000 izakhamuzi. Bahlala kulezi zindawo ezinezindlu zasemaphandleni ezinokhuni njengezindonga, uphahla lwe-guano futhi phansi kuwukungcola kuphela.
Ukubaluleka kwalesi sifunda kulele kumthethonqubo we-hydrological ewenzayo, ekulawuleni ukuguga kwenhlabathi, ukugcinwa komswakama wayo futhi ezinye izifundo ziphethe ngokuthi ikhava yaso yemifino ithonya umjikelezo wemvula ohlanganisa isikhungo se-Chiapas, lezi zimbobo zikhiqiza. amandla kagesi ezweni lonke (amandla kagesi angaphezudlwana kuka-30% akhiqizwa ohlelweni lwe-Alto Grijalva).
Isimo sezulu
El Isimo sezulu sehlathi laseLacandona Kunomswakama kakhulu, nakuba kunezindawo ezithile ezinesimo sezulu esifudumele nesifudumele kancane, isimo sezulu esivelele siyinhlanganisela yakho kokubili, isimo sezulu esifudumele nesinomswakama lapho izinga lokushisa elivamile lingu-22 C °, ngokuvamile imvula yonyaka ingu-1500 mm. noma kufika ku-3000 mm (yize yokugcina ifinyelela kulawa magugu kuphela enyakatho yehlathi). Ngokuqondene nezindawo lapho indawo iphakeme khona, izinga lokushisa lihlala liphakathi kuka-18 C° no-22 C°.
Ngokuqhubekayo nezimvula, lezi zivame kakhulu phakathi nenkathi yemvula eqala lapho kusehlobo futhi iqhubeke kuze kube maphakathi nekwindla. Phakathi kukaMeyi noNovemba ungabona iziphepho zasezindaweni ezishisayo, konke lokhu kanye nomswakama, amazinga okushisa aphezulu kanye nokukhululeka kusiza ukuguqulwa kwamaminerali atholakala ezweni labo, kanye nokuwohloka kwezinto eziphilayo ezitholakala ngobuningi lapho. .
Nciphisa
Iningi lehlathi laseLacandon lonakaliswe imisebenzi yabantu njengoba kushiwo ekuqaleni kwalokhu kungena. Lapho uhlaza luqedwa, inhlabathi yonakaliswa ukuncishiswa kwezinto eziphilayo eyayinazo, ngaphezu kokuthi amanzi ajikeleza ngendlela ehlukile, lokhu kusiza ukuthuthukiswa kobumba lwe-plinthite oluthanda ukwanda kwe-asidi emhlabeni.
Empeleni, lesi sifunda sintekenteke ngokwezinto ezenziwa abantu enhlabathini yaso, nakuba siyi-biome ehluke kakhulu futhi eyinkimbinkimbi. Kungenzeka ukubona izinhlobo ezimbili zokukhululeka kule ndawo ngaphezu kokudangala, ngayinye inohlobo oluthile lwezitshalo:
- Imithambeka itholakala entshonalanga nasenyakatho-mpumalanga yaleli hlathi, yilezo zindawo eziphakeme ezinama-degree angaphezu kweshumi okuthambeka kusukela ngokuhamba kwesikhathi zakha phezu kwamatshe e-limestone, ngakho-ke imihosha ivame kakhulu, nakuba lezi zingekho ngaphezu 10 amamitha. Izigodi eziyimpumputhe nazo ziyingxenye yalolu hlobo lokuqala lokukhululeka.
- Amathafa atholakala emagqumeni akhiwe amadwala e-dolomitic limestone, anokubonakala okunezinyathelo ezinganikeza amathafa ukuphakama okungafika ku-1.400 m. Zakhiwa ngenxa yokuthi amatshe avela ezintabeni ancibilika ngokuhamba kwesikhathi ngenxa yesimo somswakama wehlathi laseLacandona, isimo sezulu esifudumele kanye nenani elihle lezinto eziphilayo.
Izinhlobonhlobo zezinto eziphilayo ze-Lacandona Jungle
Isembozo sezitshalo sehlathi laseLacandon sivumela ukuhlukahluka okukhulu kwezitshalo, phakathi kwezitshalo ezingama-265 nezinhlobo zezihlahla eziyi-160 kuyo yonke indawo yalo. Lezi zinhlobonhlobo endaweni encane kakhulu azitholakali kwenye indawo emhlabeni. Ngokuqondene nezilwane zehlathi laseLacandona, kungenzeka ukuthola izinhlobo eziningana zezilwane ezincelisayo, izilwane ezihuquzelayo, izinambuzane nezinyoni, ezinye zazo zizoshiwo ezigabeni ezihambisanayo ezichazwe ngezansi:
Izimbali zehlathi laseLacandona
- Isihlahla se-Mahogany: Lolu hlobo lokuqala isihlahla Bangafinyelela kumamitha angama-50 ukuphakama.
- Imisedari: Izinhlobo eziningana zemisedari ziye zachazwa ehlathini laseLacandon, lezi zihlahla zingafinyelela kumamitha angu-50 ukuphakama.
- I-Rosewood: Lolu uhlobo oluvame ukwaziwa ngegama le-tipuana, ubude abangafinyelela kulo ngamamitha angu-18.
- I-Bromeliads: Lezi yizitshalo zomndeni wakwaBromeliceae, ukutshala kwazo akudingi ukunakekelwa okukhulu, ngakho-ke abantu bavame ukuzigcina ngaphakathi kwamakhaya abo.
- Ezinye izitshalo: Kungenzeka ukuthola lapha izitshalo like the fern, ama-mosses, izinhlobo ezihlukahlukene zama-orchid, ama-lichens nezinhlobo ezifana ne-Lacandonia schimatica, okuyisitshalo esingaba amasentimitha angu-5 ubude, ayashintshashintsha, ucwaningo oluningi luye lwenziwa ukuze kukhishwe ukuthi kwakuwuhlobo lwesikhunta.
Lolu uhlobo olusha olukwazile ukuhlukaniswa phakathi komndeni omusha wezitshalo emashumini amathathu eminyaka edlule, kodwa inani lalo alidluli ngisho nama-specimens angu-30. Kanye nezinye izinhlobo zezilwane zasehlathini laseLacandona, lezi zitshalo zisengozini yokushabalala.
Izilwane zasehlathini zaseLacandon
Izilwane zehlathi laseLacandona zihlukahlukene kakhulu, kuphela kuzilwane ezingenamgogodla isamba sezinhlobo zezinhlobo ezingaphezu kuka-5.000, kuyilapho kuchazwe izinhlobo ezingu-40 zezinyoni nezilwane ezincelisayo ezingu-20, ezinye izilwane zehlathi laseLacandona yilezi:
- I-Jaguar: Lolu hlobo olusengozini yokushabalala luye lwabonwa eLacandona Jungle yaseMexico, ama-jaguar angaphezu kuka-100 ahlala kulesi simiso semvelo esikahle ukuze aphile. Njengoba lesi yisifunda esithathwa njengekhaya elibalulekile lezinsikazi ezifana nalezi.
- I-Ocelots: Lezi zinhlobo ezifana ne-jaguar zihlala kule ndawo nezinkawu zesicabucabu, ama-opossum, izinkawu, nezinye izinhlobo ezingu-20 zezilwane zasehlathini zaseLacandona eziyizilwane ezincelisayo.
- I-Scarlet Macaw: Lolu olunye uhlobo lwalesi simiso sezinto eziphilayo ezingena ohlwini lwe izilwane ezisengozini ehlathini laseLacandona. Nokho, njengoba kuwuhlobo olunezimpaphe ezinemibala egqamile, kulesi sizwe ukuzingela ama-macaw abomvu kuhlawuliswa iminyaka efinyelela kweyisishiyagalolunye ejele.
Ama-Macaw ahlanganyela lesi sifunda nezinkozi, ama-quetzal, ama-toucan, ama-parrot, ama-parakeet, phakathi kwezinye izinyoni. Ngokuqondene nezinye izinhlobo zezilwane, kungenzeka ukuthola amabhungane, amaxoxo anamehlo abomvu, izimvemvane, izinhlobonhlobo zezintuthwane nezinye izinhlobo zezilwane ezingu-5.000 XNUMX zehlathi laseLacandon eziyizilwane ezingenamgogodla.