Njengoba nje ibhubesi liyinkosi yasehlathini, uKhozi Lwegolide luyindlovukazi yasemoyeni. Inendiza ebukekayo ngokwedlulele, cishe iyisilwane esizingelayo esikhulu kunazo zonke, ngaphezu kokuba inyoni enamandla kakhulu futhi enkulu kunazo zonke engaba khona, ingasaphathwa eyokuthi iwuphawu oluyinhloko lwe-United Mexican States. Ngezansi ungathola ulwazi olwengeziwe futhi wandise ulwazi lwakho mayelana Nezici Zokhozi Olugolide.
Ukhozi Lwegolide
Lezi zinkozi ezinkulu ziyingxenye yomndeni wezinyoni ezidla inyama, okuthiwa i-Accipitridae, lesi yisigaba esikhulu futhi esibanzi sezinyoni, ezimweni eziningi ezingahlobene. Ukulandela umsuka walolu khozi lwegolide, kunezinhlobo ezingaphezu kuka-60 zezinkozi zizonke, ezisatshalaliswa e-Asia, eYurophu nasezingxenyeni ezahlukene ze-Afrika, ngaphandle kwalezi zifunda ungathola okungenani izinhlobo eziyi-14 zezinkozi, ezimbili zazo ziphelele. ezaziwa kakhulu e-United States naseCanada, ezinye izinhlobo eziyisishiyagalolunye zitholakala kalula eMelika Ephakathi neseNingizimu, ingasaphathwa eyokuthi ezintathu ezisele zise-Australia.
Mayelana ne-taxonomy yalesi silwane esikhulu, kutholakala ukuthi igama lesayensi le-Golden Eagle ngu-Aquila Chrysaetos, futhi libizwa njalo ngokuthi uKhozi lweCaudal. Njengoba kushiwo ngaphambili, lena ingxenye yomndeni we-Accipitridae, uhlobo oluhlala enyakatho nenkabazwe yeplanethi. Abantu abaningi bavame ukuyibiza nge-Mexican Royal Eagle, ngenxa yokubukeka kwayo njengophawu oluyinhloko lwefulegi laseMexico.
Izici
Ukuze kubonakale ukhozi olusagolide, kudingeka ulwazi lwangaphambili ngezici zalo ezimbili eziyinhloko, lezi ubukhulu balo obukhulu kanye nombala oyingqayizivele wezimpaphe zalo. Lezi zimpaphe ezifanayo zinsundu ngokumnyama kakhulu, zinezimpaphe ezilula kakhulu futhi, entanyeni nasekhanda, zinezimpaphe ezifinyelela umbala osagolide.
Umbala wezimpaphe zayo ubonakala kahle ngobuhle bayo obukhulu, ikakhulukazi lapho ukukhanya kuyishaya ngokuqondile futhi kubonakale amathoni akhanya kakhulu, ahlaba umxhwele kakhulu. Ngenxa yalesi sizathu, Ukhozi Lwegolide lubuye ludume ngokuthi Ukhozi Lwegolide. Singathola futhi izimpaphe ezimhlophe ngaphansi komzimba walo nasemilenzeni yalo, ngaphezu kwalokho izinhlobonhlobo zalolu khozi ziye zabonakala zinemilenze emhlophe ngokuphelele.
I-Anatomy
I-Golden Eagle ine-anatomy enhle evumela ukuthi ibe enye yezinyoni ezinamandla kakhulu emhlabeni futhi, kososayensi, ibe isilwane esiphelele, njengoba uKhozi Lwegolide lusetshenziselwa ukusiza abalimi futhi lusetshenziselwa ukwenza izinto ezihlukahlukene. izifundo zesayensi.
Isisindo
Singaqala ukuchaza indlela le nyoni emangalisayo siqale ngesisindo sayo. I-Aquila Chrysaetos inesisindo esingaphakathi kwesilinganiso uma kubhekwa ubulili bayo. Kufanele kukhulunywe ukuthi kulolu hlobo, njengakwezinye, kuzobonakala ukuthi abesilisa bancane kakhulu kunabesifazane. Kumele kuqashelwe ukuthi lesi senzakalo sibizwa ngokuthi "i-dimorphism" ngokobulili besilwane.
Amaduna ajwayele ukuba nesisindo esiphakathi kuka-4 – 4.5 kg, inqobo nje uma esendaweni yawo noma ku-ecosystem eyayicatshangwa ngaphambilini. Ezisikazi ngokuvamile zifinyelela ku-6 kg, esigabeni sazo esidala, futhi inqobo nje uma zisesimweni esifanele sokukhula kwazo okuhle. Njengoba kubonakala ezibonelweni, umehluko phakathi kwabesilisa nabesifazane uphakathi kuka-2 - 3 kg kuphela.
I-Wingspan
Ngokuphathelene nobukhulu be-Golden Eagle, kubalulekile kuqala ukucabangela ukuthi uma ukhuluma ngalokhu, ubukhulu benyoni kufanele bucatshangelwe, kusukela ekhanda layo kuze kube sekupheleni kwezimpaphe zayo, kanye nokwandiswa kwayo phakathi kwenyoni ngayinye. amaphiko. Uma kuqhathaniswa nezinye izinhlobo ezikulesi sigaba, Ukhozi Lwegolide lunobukhulu obukhulu. Ziyakwazi ukukala ubude bemitha, okuyizinto ezizimele futhi kuncike ocansini lwenyoni.
Ukuze ube nenombolo efanele yobukhulu boKhozi Lwegolide, kufanele uvule amaphiko womabili, lapha singathola izilinganiso ezingadlula amamitha amabili, futhi zifinyelele ngisho namamitha amabili nesigamu. Lokhu kuyamangaza noma ubani oze ezowabona endiza, ngenxa yobukhulu bazo lapho evula amaphiko awo.
izimpaphe nokundiza
Izimpaphe zalezi zinkozi zingahlukahluka kuye ngobulili eziyilo, njengoba kokubili abesilisa nabesifazane bangasibona isici sombala onsundu kakhulu; Naphezu kwalokhu, uma ubhekisisa, ezinsikazi phakathi kwemilenze nangaphansi kwamaphiko ngokuvamile zinezimpaphe ezimpunga, kuyilapho amaduna evame ukuba nezimpaphe ezimhlophe kakhulu, umbala obuye uvele ku-nape nasezihlokweni zamaphiko.
Njengoba kubonakala, Ukhozi Lwegolide lundiza oluthambile, nakuba lungabizwa nangokuthi indiza enhle. Isivinini sabo esijwayelekile siphakathi kwamakhilomitha angama-45 - 55 ngehora. Naphezu kweqiniso lokuthi lezi zingafinyelela ngokumangazayo amakhilomitha angu-240 uma zizingela, leli jubane elimangalisayo linikezwa i-aerodynamic physiognomy enayo.
Amaphiko Okhozi Olugolide enza inhlanganisela ekahle namaphiko amakhulu le nyoni enawo, lokhu kuyivumela ukuba ibe nokulinganisela okuphelele nokuhlela. Njengoba le nyoni iqala ukundiza, ifinyelela ukuvumelana okukodwa phakathi kokubhakuzisa kwayo nokukhuphuka kwayo, okuyenza ibe nkulu.
uqhwaku nezinzipho
Elinye lamaphuzu ahlukanisa kakhulu Ukhozi Olugolide uqhwaku lwayo oluthile, lona olunombala omnyama ngokuphelele, oqala ukuphenduka ube mhlophe futhi uphethe ngokuba phuzi kakhulu. Njengoba iyinyoni edla inyama, inoqhwaku olucijile kanye nejika elishoyo elibheke phansi. Uqhwaku lwayo luklanywe ngokuphelele ukuzingela nokuhlinza noma iyiphi inyamazane, njengoba lukhula ukhozi, ijika lalo ligqama kakhulu, lungalimaza ngisho nesifuba salo.
Uma ubheka izinzipho zalo, ungabona ukuthi zibukhali kangakanani, okuvumela ukhozi ukuba lubambe inyamazane yalo kalula nangokunemba okukhulu, lufake kuzo inani eliphumelela kakhulu lomonakalo okungenzeka ngokuphazima kweso. Lezi zinzipho zingaba namandla namandla adlula amandla aphindwe kashumi kwesandla somuntu wesilisa. Ukukwazi ukuwathatha njengesikhali esibulalayo.
Ukudla
Lapho kuhlaziywa ukuphakelwa kwe-Golden Eagle, kungachazwa ngokuningiliziwe ukuthi azinakho kanjani ukudla okuhleliwe, okubonisa ukuthi noma yisiphi isilwane singaba phakathi kwezisulu zabo, ngoba lezi ziyizilwane ezidla inyama, empeleni, ngokusho kwamarekhodi ahlukene kukhona ezingaphezu kuka-200. izinhlobo zezilwane ezincelisayo nezinyoni ebezisohlwini lwazo lokudla, okulenza libe ngesinye sezilwane eziyingozi kakhulu kuyo yonke indalo.
Njengezinye izinkozi eziningi, Ukhozi Lwegolide lungadla onogwaja, izingwejeje, amagundane ngisho nezinhlanzi ezithile. Naphezu kwalokhu, ngenxa yamandla ayo amakhulu okuzingela, i-Golden Eagle ingakwazi ukuzingela kusukela kumawundlu kuya kwezimpungushe ezincane. Inyoni eyesabekayo, uma ilambile ngeke ilahlekelwe ithuba lokuzingela ngisho nezinye izinyoni phakathi nendiza.
Ukuzingela
Indlela lolu khozi oluzingela ngayo iyathakazelisa impela uma luhlaziywa, luqala inqubo yalo ngokundiza okuphansi futhi okunensayo, lusondela emithambekeni yentaba ukuze luyibone kabusha indawo, engaba ngu-100 km². Ngenxa yombono wayo omkhulu, ikwazi ukubona ngeso lengqondo inyamazane yayo eqhele ngamakhilomitha ambalwa, ngemva kokuyibona, yenza ukuwa kwamahhala ngesivinini esimangalisayo, okugcina ngokuhlasela okuphumelelayo nokumangalisayo.
Lusebenzisa izinzipho zalo ezicijile ukhozi luqinisekisa ukuthi isisulu salo asiphunyuki lapho luhlangana khona okokuqala. Izinzipho zalolu khozi zingaba namandla angama-200 kilograms ku-inch ngayinye yokucindezela, zingafinyelela ku-340 kilograms, okuyinto enhle kakhulu. Uma kwenzeka inyamazane ikwazi ukuphunyuka, ukhozi luyilandele isebenzisa izinzipho ukuze luyinqume futhi lusebenzise uqhwaku lwalo olucijile, luze lukwazi ukuyisa esidlekeni salo.
Kumele kuqashelwe ukuthi isisindo esilinganiselwe senyama ye-Golden Eagle singaba phakathi kwesigamu sekhilogremu namakhilogremu amane, ukhozi lungakwazi ukuhamba ngisho nenyamazane enesisindo esikhulu kunesalo. Lapho luzingela izilwane ezinkulu kakhulu njengama-morrocoyes noma izimbuzi, ukhozi luyaziphakamisa futhi luzehlisele phezulu, oluzibulala ngokushesha futhi lusindise umzamo wokuzihlukanisa. Lapho isisulu sisinda kakhulu, ukhozi ludla lokho olukwaziyo endaweni yokuzingela ngaphambi kokuya esidlekeni salo.
Ngokusobala, lapho inyamazane incane, bayayibulala futhi bayiyise esidlekeni kalula, ngisho nezinsuku ezimbalwa. Ngokocwaningo oluhlukene mayelana nalezi zinkozi ezimangalisayo, kuyenzeka ukuthi kuqoshwe izikhathi lapho lezi zinkozi zizingela ndawonye, okuyinto emangalisayo emehlweni omuntu, futhi kungabhekwa nendlela ezijaha ngayo inyamazane yazo kuze kube yilapho ekugcineni isiqeda, nje. ngaleso sikhathi bayahlasela.
Imvelo kanye Nokusabalalisa
I-Golden Eagle iyinyoni, kusukela ekubukeni kwayo eminyakeni eminingi edlule, ithuthukise ikhono elingavamile lokuzivumelanisa nezimo ezihlukahlukene, ezinesimo sezulu esihlukile. Lokhu kwenza kube lula kakhulu ukuzithola eduze nezwekazi ngalinye kwayisihlanu namuhla. Ngokujwayelekile, zivame ukutholakala ezindaweni ezihlukene ezivulekile noma ezivulekile, kunoma yikuphi, kuyohlale kuyindawo lapho zizokwazi khona ukubona inyamazane yazo kahle, zikwazi ukundiza ngokukhululeka, futhi zibe nokuhle. ipulani yezulu nomhlaba ikakhulukazi lapho sifuna ukudla
Njengomphumela walokhu kwakamuva, ukhozi luzokhetha izindawo ezinokwehlukahlukana okukhulu kwezilwane ezincelisayo, konke lokhu ukuze lenze ukudla okunomsoco futhi lwanelise isifiso salo sokudla esikhulu. Ngokusekelwe esifundeni somhlaba lapho behlala khona, i-subspecies eyisithupha okwamanje ihlukaniswa:
- I-Homeyeri: Kuyo yonke iNhlonhlo Yase-Iberia naseNyakatho Afrika
- I-Chrysaetos: Itholakala kulo lonke elaseYurophu nase-Asia
- I-Daphanea: Ihlala e-Asia Ephakathi
- I-Japonica: Itholakala kokubili eKorea naseJapane
- I-Kamtschatica: Ihlala eSiberia
- I-Canadensis: Yizinhlobo ezitholakala eNyakatho Melika yonke
Maqondana nenqubo yokujwayela Ukhozi Lwegolide, luvame ukuhlala eduze nezindawo zezintaba, ikakhulukazi izindawo eziphakeme, ngaphezu kwezindawo ezihlukene zezihlahla, ezivimbela ukuba zibe nombono omuhle ngenyama yazo kanye nalapho abantu bengakwazi. bafinyelele.
Lolu hlobo olukhulu lokhozi, ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, luye lwasakazwa kulo lonke elaseYurophu nase-Asia, lukwazi ngisho nokufika e-Afrika, engxenyeni esenyakatho yezwekazi. Kodwa naphezu kwalokhu, kuse-United States lapho kuye kwaba nokusabalala okukhulu, ngenxa yokuminyana okukhulu kokuzalela nokukhiqizwa kwezinhlobo zezilwane.
I-Golden Eagle ngokuvamile ayiyona inyoni elula kakhulu ukuyibona njalo, kodwa njengoba iyingxenye yezinqubo zokufuduka, ezinye izakhamuzi zivame ukuba njalo. Lokhu ngaphezu kwanoma yini ngezikhathi zokukhiqiza kanye nokuzalela; Njengomphumela wesimo sezulu esingaphansi kuka-0 °C ezindaweni ezifana neRussia noma i-Alaska, lezi zinkozi zivame ukufudukela ezindaweni eziseningizimu, ukuze zigcine izinga lokushisa elikahle, kodwa isizathu esiyinhloko yinala yokudla ezindaweni eziseningizimu. Nokho, izinkozi ezazihlala kulezi zindawo azivamile ukufuduka.
Ukuziphatha
Lolu hlobo lokhozi luvamise ukuba lodwa, luhlala ngababili noma ngamaqembu amancane impela. Esimweni sokugcina, ngokuvamile kungenxa yenala yokudla, noma amazinga okushisa abandayo kakhulu, okubaphoqa ukuba baphephe phakathi kwabo. Kubalulekile ukusho ukuthi lezi zinyoni ngokuvamile azikwazi ukuxhumana ngamazwi, kuphela esigabeni sokuzalanisa; izifundo ezahlukene ziye zakwazi ukuthwebula izingcingo ezahlukene zezinkozi ukuze zixhumane namaphuphu azo.
Ngokuqondene nokuzivikela kwazo noma lapho zimaka indawo yazo, kuye kwaboniswa ukuthi lezi zinkozi azikhiphi noma yimuphi umsindo, zenza uhlobo oluthile lokundiza oluyisici esibizwa ngokuthi i-undulating, lapho benza lokhu kundiza kwenza kucace kakhulu ukuthi. lena insimu yabo.
Ukuqomisana
Nakuba le nyoni izimele yodwa, esinye sezici zayo eziyinhloko zezenhlalo ukuthi ukuganwa komuntu oyedwa kudlangile, ngoba bavame ukuhlala nomlingani oyedwa iminyaka eminingi. Kulula kakhulu ukwazi ukuthi lezi zinkozi ziqomisana nini, ngoba lapho isikhathi sokuzala siqala ukuqoma kuqala ngokushesha, abesilisa bavame ukwenza izinhlobo ezahlukene zezindiza ezihlukile, ngamagagasi, ukuphenduka okuphelele ngisho nokujaha okulingiswayo.
Ngaphandle kokukhombisa amakhono abo okundiza, baphinde bagqamise izinzipho zabo futhi benze imisebenzi ehlukene ukukhombisa amakhono abo, phakathi kwabo ungabona indlela ababamba ngayo itshe baliwise ukuze balibambe ngaphambi kokuba lishaye phansi. Lezi zinkozi zenza umbukiso omangalisayo, konke ukuze zihlabe umxhwele ezinsikazi futhi zizenze zizalele.
Uma lesi sigaba sokuqomisana sesiphelile, amapheya alungiselela ukukhetha indawo ekahle yokwakha isidleke sawo. Njengoba kushiwo ngaphambili, bahlala bekhetha izindawo eziphakeme kakhulu ezinokubonakala okukhulu, njengamatshe. Izidleke zezinkozi zegolide zakhiwe ngokusondelana nobukhulu bazo, okubonisa ukuthi ziyizidleke ezinkulu kakhulu, ngaphezu kweqiniso lokuthi zakhiwe ngenhloso yokuzisebenzisa iminyaka eminingi.
Ukugcwaliseka kwalesi sidleke, endabeni yalolu hlobo lokhozi, ngenxa yoqhwaku lwaso, azikwazi ukwaluka izidleke; abakwenzayo, ukubeka amagatsha ngendlela ephelele futhi ehlelekile ukuze kube lula ukwakheka kwesidleke, emva kwalokho bafake amakhambi ahlukene ukuze basenze futhi basenze samukeleke kakhulu bona.
Ukuzala
Uhlobo lokuzala olwethulwa yiGolden Eagle yi-oviparous, okukhomba ukuthi zizala ngokubekela amaqanda, ngaphandle kwalokhu, isikhathi sokuzala kanye ne-incubation siyahluka kakhulu kuye ngendawo lapho zitholakala khona. Ezinsikazi zingabekela amaqanda amane, nakuba isilinganiso sivame ukuba amaqanda amabili, abekwe ngezikhawu cishe izinsuku ezintathu kuya ezinhlanu. Yonke inqubo yokufukamela iqala kusukela ekubekeni kweqanda lokuqala, futhi iphetha esikhathini esilinganiselwa ezinsukwini ezingama-40 kuya kwezingama-45.
Amatshwele amancane alezi zinkozi azalwa enezimpaphe ezimhlophe ezithambile, futhi ngokuvamile lawo aqala ukuchamusela aba makhudlwana kunalawo achanyuselwa ekugcineni. Ngemva kokuzalwa kwawo, emasontweni ayishumi alandelayo la maphuphu amancane ayosuthiswa ngoqhwaku lwabazali bawo, abashintshana ngokufuna ukudla nokunakekela imidlwane yabo.
Ngemva kwesonto leshumi, abasha baqala ukufunda ukundiza futhi kamuva, lapho sebenezimpaphe ze-Golden Eagle, bazoqala ukuzimela ukuze baqale ukufunda kwabo mayelana nokuzingela. Isigaba sokuzala salezi zinkozi ezincane siqala ngemva kweminyaka emine noma eyisikhombisa, ngemva kokuba izimpaphe zazo sezifinyelele esigabeni sobudala futhi ukukhula kwazo sekuqhubeke kakhulu.
Isimo Nokulondolozwa kwezinhlobo zezilwane
Sekuyiminyaka eminingi uKhozi Lwegolide luyisakhamuzi esiphikelelayo eNyakatho Melika, eNyakatho Yurophu nase-Asia, naphezu kwalokhu, lezi zinkozi ziye zafudukela ezindaweni eziseningizimu ngezizathu ezahlukene. Phakathi kwazo kukhona iqiniso lokuthi lezi zisetshenziselwa ukukhiqiza ama-falconry, futhi ziphinde zibe yizisulu zokuzingela ngokungakhethi, ngenxa yokuthanda kakhulu uqhwaku, izinzipho nezinsiba zale nyoni ebabazekayo.
Kuze kube manje, kunezindawo ezihlukene lapho bafuna ukwethula lezi zinhlobo zezilwane, njengase-Ireland noma emazweni aseNordic afana neDenmark neSweden. Kubalulekile ukusho ukuthi e-United States, le nyoni ayibhekene nezinsongo ezinkulu ngoba ivikelwe umthetho walelo zwe.
Izinsongo
Ukuba neqhaza lokuba inyoni edla inyama, ayinazo izitha eziningi emvelweni, naphezu kwalokhu, ibhere le-Grizzly kanye ne-wolverine yibo kuphela abakwazi ukuyinika impi enkulu ngezikhathi ezahlukene. Nokho, akunakunakwa ukuthi abantu ngokwabo bawusongo olukhulu kuKhozi Lwegolide, ngenxa yesifiso esiqhubekayo sokuluzingela futhi luhlasele indawo yalo ukuze lubambe amaqanda abo.
Isici esinquma kakhulu ekulondolozweni kwalolu hlobo yizo zonke lezi zinyoni okuye kwadingeka ukuba zikwenze, ngenxa yokuhlasela kwendawo yazo ukuze kwandiswe ukuhlelwa kwamadolobha emadolobheni athile, enye yezinto ebangele lokhu ukuthi izinkozi zibanjwa ugesi ngenxa yezinhlelo ezahlukene zikagesi ezitholakala endaweni yazo.
Nakuba I-Golden Eagle ivikelwe ngaphansi kwemithetho yase-United States ne-Mexico, umthetho wamazwe ngamazwe nawo usungulwe owenza kube yicala ukutholakala noma ukusatshalaliswa kwalolu khozi, kunoma iyiphi iminyaka futhi ngaphandle kwemvume yokudlulisa ekhethekile. Ngokujabulisayo, lolu hlobo lwezilwane alukho engcupheni yokushabalala ngenxa yomthamo walo ophezulu wokuzivumelanisa nanoma yisiphi isimo sezulu noma isifunda somhlaba, nokho-ke, uma ukuhlasela kwendawo ohlala kuyo kuqhubeka nokukhula, kunobungozi bokuthikamezeka ngokungenakulungiseka lolu hlobo.
Ukuxhumana Namasiko Esintu
I-Golden Eagle iyinyoni ebilokhu ikhona kusukela ekuqaleni kwesintu njengoba sisazi, ngenxa yalesi sizathu, emlandweni wonke iye yaba nokubaluleka okukhulu ezimpucukweni ezahlukene, nasezigabeni ezahlukene zomlando, mhlawumbe iqala umlando wayo njengophawu oluvela emlandweni. Ikhulu lokuqala emva kukaKristu.
I-Symbology
Emakhulwini eminyaka adlule, uKhozi Lwegolide lwaluwuphawu olucacile lwesibindi nodumo, konke lokhu ngokuphathelene nobuciko balo obukhulu, ubukhulu, amandla kanye nobuqili olwakha ngalo izidleke zalo. Ezikhathini zoMbuso WamaRoma, phakathi kwekhulu lokuqala nelesine ngemva kukaKristu, uKhozi Lwasebukhosini lwaba uphawu oluvuthayo oluhlobene nenkolo, ezombangazwe nezempi, njengoba lenyoni yaba uphawu oluyinhloko loMbuso, Futhi Ngokuhamba kweminyaka yonke. , futhi yaba uphawu lwemibuso ehlukahlukene, iwuphawu oluyinhloko lwalowo nalowo mbuso phakade.
Ezombusazwe
Kuwo wonke umlando, i-Golden Eagle ibiyisilwane sikazwelonke kanye nophawu lwamazwe ahlukene emhlabeni wonke, sinezibonelo ezicacile zase-Albania, e-Austria, eJalimane, eKazakhstan nalapho cishe idume kakhulu, iMexico. Ngaphezu kwawo wonke la mazwe, le nyoni iwuphawu lwamazwe amaningi, angazange ayiqambe ngokuthi iyisilwane sesizwe.
Ngokusobala sinaso isimo saseMexico, lapho kuxoxwa khona ngomlando wale nyoni enkulu, uKhozi Lwegolide, lapho ekugcineni kwase kunqunywe ukuthi kwakhiwe iMexico City, lapho kwakuzotholakala khona uKhozi Lwegolide, lumi phezu komdolofiya. phezu kwenyoka. Ungabona futhi amazwe ase-Arab, lapho anesiko lokudumisa i-Golden Eagle njengophawu lwamandla, ngaphezu kwanoma yini enye izinkondlo, konke lokhu ngenxa yokufundwa okudumile kweSaladin. Kumelwe kuphawulwe ukuthi, eMexico, naphezu kokuba iyisilwane sesizwe, yona le nyoni isengozini yokushabalala.
Inkolo
Enkolweni yamaKhatholika, uKhozi Lwasebukhosini luwuphawu, olumele umphostoli omncane kunabo bonke, uSaint John, ngisho nangaleso sikhathi kwakunguPapa Alexander VI owagunyaza amakhosi angamaKhatholika aseSpain ngekhulu leshumi nanhlanu ukuthi abeke uKhozi lukaSaint John njengo ijazi lezikhali zobukhosi.
Lapho kuhlolwa izinhlanga ezihlukene zabomdabu, kuyabhekwa indlela abaluhlonipha ngayo uKhozi Olugolide. Esicini sezenkolo zibhekwa njengezilwane ezingcwele, njengoba izimpaphe ezinhle nezinezici zalezi zinyoni ziwumfanekiso omkhulu wale nyoni ngaphakathi kwamakhanda kanye nendlela yokugqoka yalaba bantu bomdabu. Ayengase abhekwe angcwele kangangokuthi angafaniswa neBhayibheli, noma ngisho nokubethelwa esiphambanweni.
Kubaluleke kakhulu ukusho ukuhlobana okukhulu kwale nyoni ngaphakathi kwesiko lama-Aztec, ngoba imele ukuhlakanipha, umbono kanye nesibindi amalungu amaningi alesi siko azibonakalise ngawo ngezenzo zawo ezinkulu, izenzo noma ngisho , imicabango.
Izimpawu
Ukhozi Olugolide olubabazekayo noluhle luyinyoni yesishiyagalombili esetshenziswa kakhulu emhlabeni wonke ukumela izitembu zokuposa ezihlukene. Kuhle ukusho ukuthi e-United States kubalulekile futhi kuwuphawu ukuba nesigxivizo esinobuso bale nyoni, isitembu esithathwa njengento yomqoqi.
I-Flconry
Njengoba kushiwo ngenhla, izinkozi bezilokhu zibhekwa njengezinyoni ezinkulu kakhulu nezinamandla ngendlela emangalisayo, ngaphambilini ngeNkathi Ephakathi zazisetshenziselwa ukuzingela nokusekela ukudla kwe-falconer, kodwa okokuqala kwakudingekile ukubamba inyoni, uma lokhu sekwenziwe inqubo yenziwa. yokuqeqeshwa okukhethekile noma ukubusa, ukuze lezi zinyoni zifunde ukwenza zonke lezi zenzo nemisebenzi.
I-Falconry iyingxenye yesiko elidala kakhulu, elisukela eminyakeni eyi-2.000 edlule, emazweni ase-Asia anjengeKyrgyzstan, Kazakhstan noma iMongolia, indlela eyingqayizivele emhlabeni ngaleso sikhathi. Ngokwezazi-mlando ezihlukene, amadolobhana amancane kakhulu ayethembele ngokuphelele ekhonweni lenkosi yamakhothane noma njengoba libizwa kanjalo kule ndawo, iBerkutchi, nenyoni yakhe enkulu nebulalayo. Lo thisha ubenomthwalo wemfanelo wokuphakela isigodi sonke inyama nezikhumba, ikakhulukazi uma kufika ubusika, lapho ukudla kuyindlala.
I-Falconry kanye nabo bonke ubuciko bokuzingela nezinyoni ezidla inyama, kuwumkhuba obuyela emuva eminyakeni eminingi edlule, futhi phakathi neminyaka edlule iye yathuthukiswa ikakhulukazi kulo lonke elase-Eurasia, kusukela ikakhulukazi eYurophu Ephakathi. , ukuwela yonke iNhlonhlo Yase-Arabia, eChina futhi ekugcineni Korea.
Kuyaphawuleka ukuthi e-Kazakhstan petroglyphs (imidwebo efakwe etsheni) itholwe nezibalo zama-falconers ezihlehlela emuva okungenani eminyakeni eyinkulungwane yokuqala yenkathi yethu, kanye nezindaba ezinhle kakhulu ezihlotshaniswa nezinkondlo zaseTurkey naseMongolia ezivela. ekhulwini le-XNUMX liye laqhubeka liqoqa yonke le misebenzi esekhona nanamuhla.
Ezindaweni ezihlukene zale ngxenye ye-Asia, kunezizwe ezihlukahlukene zamaKyrgyz namaKazakh asakazwa kuwo wonke amazwe akubo, futhi kanjalo nasezifundeni zaseMongolia, eHong Kong naseShayina, ezigqama kakhulu ekuqeqeshweni nasekuthuthukisweni okukhulu. ukuphathwa kwalezi zinkozi ukuze kuzisize zisinde. Konke lokhu kuqeqeshwa kanye nokusetshenziswa kwama-falconry kwalolu hlobo olukhulu nolubabazekayo kuyisici esiyingqayizivele sale ndawo, futhi akwenzeki ngaleyo ndlela noma kuphi emhlabeni.
Ukhozi phakathi komjikelezo wempilo
Ngokuqondene nayo yonke into ehlobene nomjikelezo wokuphila walezi zinyoni, kuyabonakala ukuthi izinkozi ezidla inyama, kuhlanganise noKhozi Lwegolide, zimi kanjani ekuqaleni kochungechunge lokudla, njengoba kulezi zinkozi, noma yisiphi isilwane singase sibe yidamu. Yilapho ukubaluleka okukhulu koKhozi Lwegolide kulele khona, lusiza ukulondoloza ibhalansi yemvelo mayelana nokuzala kwezinhlobo ezithile zezilwane, njengamagundane, amagundane kanye nonogwaja, isici sabo esiyinhloko siwukuthi bavame ukuzala ngendlela engalawuleki.
Ngokwezifundo ezihlukahlukene mayelana nezinkozi zegolide, lezi zibhekwa njengezinyoni, kodwa ziphelele, kangangokuthi ngokwemibandela ye-ecology lezi zibizwa ngokuthi "i-ecological barometers", konke ngenxa yokuziphatha kwabo, okusiza ososayensi ukuba banqume futhi baqonde impilo yanoma iyiphi indawo yokuhlala. . Ngisho nalezi zinyoni ezinkulu zingazwela kangangokuthi ziyakwazi ukubona noma iyiphi ingxenye yanoma yikuphi ukuhlasela kwamakhemikhali nanoma yiliphi izinga lokungcoliswa, zinikeze isixwayiso sangaphambi kwesikhathi sanoma iluphi usongo olungase lube semoyeni.
Lapho kuhlaziywa indawo yezolimo, ukwazisa okukhulu abalimi abafanayo abanazo ngalezi zinyoni ezinkulu kubonakala, lokhu kwazisa kuvela eqinisweni lokuthi kunezilwane ezihlukene ekudleni koKhozi Lwegolide, okungaba yingozi futhi kube yingozi zonke izitshalo zokudla ezinkulu zohlanga lwesintu. Kuze kube namuhla, abalimi abasezindaweni eziseduze nezidleke ze-golden eagle banikezwa iziyalezo ezihlukene ukuze bafunde ukusebenzisana ngokunenzuzo nezimpawu zale nyoni ebalulekile.
Uma umlimi othize efinyelela lokhu kuvumelana okukhulu nokuzwana noKhozi Lwegolide, kungase kumlethele izinzuzo ezimangalisayo, njengokuthi angaphinde asebenzise noma yiluphi uhlobo lwesibulala-zinambuzane esinamakhemikhali olungalimaza ingxenye enkulu yesivuno, esikhundleni salosisi sibulala-zinambuzane. ubuqili bale nyoni, futhi ngaleyo ndlela ikwazi ukugcina isivuno esiphelele, ngaphandle kwamakhemikhali, ukusebenzisa indlela ezenzakalelayo nemvelo ngokuphelele.
Iqiniso lokwazi
Ngaphakathi kolwazi olungatholakala mayelana noKhozi Lwegolide olubabazekayo, kukhona ulwazi mayelana nokuphila isikhathi eside ukuthi lolu khozi lungaphila, kuyaziwa ukuthi lezi zinkozi zingaphila iminyaka engu-70 ubudala, kodwa ukuze lokhu kwenzeke, kuyadingeka. ukuze inyoni yenze inqubo efanele yokuvuselela lapho ineminyaka engama-40 ubudala.
Njengoba iGolden Eagles iba mude uqhwaku lwalo lukhula, kufika lapho luba lude ngokwedlulele, kangangokuthi lukwazi ukugoba ngendlela yokuthi lo mlomo ulimaza isifuba sokhozi, ngaphezu kwalokhu, nge-Advanced ubudala, izinzipho zabo ziba zinde ngokumangazayo, okuzenza zibe nzima kakhulu futhi azisafani nomugqa futhi zingasebenzi kahle kakhulu ekubambeni inyamazane.
Khona-ke, izimpaphe zivame ukuba nzima futhi zibe nzima, okwenza ukhozi lulahlekelwe yi-aerodynamics, ukuphaphatheka kwalo ekundizeni kwalo kuthinteka kakhulu futhi luhamba kancane kakhulu lapho luzingela. Ngokwemithombo yolwazi eyahlukene, uKhozi Lwegolide lunesinqumo phakathi kokuzivuselela noma ukufa, ukuze konke lokhu kwenzeke, ukhozi kufanele luye endaweni eseceleni ngokuphelele ukuze luqhube lolu hlelo olude lokuvuselela, inqubo engahlala ingapheli. kuya ezinsukwini eziyi-150.
Lolu wuhlelo olunzima ezinkozini, ngenxa yesikhathi esisihlanganisayo, nangenxa yokuthi kumele zihlehle ziye entabeni, okumele ikude kakhulu futhi iphakeme kakhulu, lapho ukuzingela kwenziwa lula, ngoba lapho zizothola khona. izinyoka, izibankwa nezibankwa ezizokuvumela ukuthi udle ukudla okunempilo ngesikhathi osichitha ezintabeni.
Ngomlomo walo omkhulu nocijile, ukhozi lusika izinzipho zalo ezinde, zize zibe mfishane kakhulu, emva kwalokho luzosusa izimpaphe eziminyene ezithintwa ukuphila kwalo okukhulu, okuthatha ukushesha kwalo, luqede ukukhipha izimpaphe zalo uze ube mbalwa. kungenzeka.
Ngaso sonke isikhathi lapho izinzipho nezimpaphe zikhula, uKhozi Lwegolide luphethe kuphela ukuzitholela ukudla bese lushaya uqhwaku lwalo emadwaleni entaba, luzishaye luze luqathake ngokuphelele, uma sekwenzekile lokhu. , ukhozi lulinda isikhathi esidingekayo ukuze uqhwaku lwalo olusha luqede ukukhula lulingana noma lube luhle futhi lubabaze kakhulu kunolo lwangaphambili. Uma sekuqediwe, kuyinqubo ende futhi enzima, Ukhozi Olugolide luqala ukundiza kwalo futhi ngaleyo ndlela luqale uhambo lwalo lokubuyela ekhaya, luba neminyaka engamashumi amathathu ngaphezulu yokuphila okuhle phambi kwamehlo alo.
Naphezu kwakho konke lokhu, ngeshwa abukho ubufakazi besayensi bokuthi lena ngempela inqubo eyenziwa yilezi zinkozi, kodwa, kuhle, kuyiqiniso elikhulu nelimangalisayo elinelukuluku, iqiniso elidalula le nyoni ebabazekayo edla inyama, enobukhulu obukhulu, amandla futhi amandla, njengesibonelo esicacile sawo wonke amasiko abantu.
Kungashiwo kalula njengelinye iqiniso elimangalisayo lokuthi kwakukhona i-subspecies ye-Golden Eagle, eyayibizwa ngokuthi i-Aquila chrysaetos simurgh. Lokhu okwamanje i-subspecies engasekho ngokuphelele, eyayinobukhulu obukhulu, lezi zinhlobo ezincane zazihlala emhlabeni wonke ePleistocene kanye neHolocene yokuqala kusukela esiqhingini saseKrethe.
I-Simurgh ingelinye lamagama amaningi anikezwa i-Ruc, inyoni yasenganekwaneni enkulu kangangokuthi, ngokusho kwezinganekwane nezindaba ezikhuluma ngayo, le nyoni yasenganekwaneni iyakwazi ukuyisa indlovu esidlekeni sayo, bese ishwabadela. ngokuphelele. Konke lokhu njengomphumela wokuthi esiqhingini esifanayo futhi ngaleso sikhathi kwakukhona i-subspecies eyaziwa kancane yendlovu, okwakuyindlovu eyayincane, kungenzeka ukuthi lapho ubuka le nyoni ezingela inzalo yalokhu noma Intsha. amadoda e-proboscide ezikhathini zasendulo akhiqize le nganekwane edumile neyasendulo.
Uma ufuna ukwandisa ulwazi lwakho, futhi ngaphezu kwakho konke, funda okwengeziwe ngezinyoni nezinhlobo ezahlukene ezikhona emhlabeni wonke, ungangabazi ukufunda lezi zihloko: