Kunezinhlobo ezihlukahlukene zokuhlobisa ezisetshenziselwa ukuhlobisa kwangaphakathi nengadi, njengalokhu i-Birch, isihlahla esimhlophe esincane esibukeka kahle, ngaphezu kwezakhiwo zayo ezinkulu zokwelapha, sazise lapha kulesi sihloko konke mayelana nalesi sihlahla esithandwayo, i-Birch.
i-birch
I-birch ibhekwa njengenye yezihlahla ze-fagales oda, iyingxenye yomndeni wakwaBetulaceae, owaziwa nangokuthi ama-betula. I-birch ingesinye sezihlahla ezivame kakhulu ezwenikazi laseYurophu, ngokuba yingxenye yezingadi eziningi ezichayeka esimweni sezulu esipholile.
Izakhiwo i-Birch enazo zikhethekile kakhulu ngoba zimane ziyigxolo elimhlophe eduze kwesiqu sayo, futhi inokubukeka kwekwindla okukhethekile. Ifunwa kakhulu ngoba idinga indawo encane yokuthuthukisa, ngakho-ke, ungaba nomphakathi omkhulu wezihlahla ze-Birch, unikeze indawo yokuthinta ipharadesi elihle lamasimu namahlathi aseduze.
Ngokuvamile, i-Birch ingafinyelela ezindaweni eziphakeme kakhulu ngezinhlobonhlobo eziningi zezimbali zesifazane nezimpawu, ingasetshenziswa futhi ukuthola izinzuzo ezihlukene ezifana nokhuni, izimpande, amaqabunga kanye nobisi, konke okusetshenziselwa kabanzi ukwakhiwa okuhlukahlukene okwenziwayo. ngaphandle emphakathini.
Ama-Birches agqama ngezakhiwo zawo zokwelapha, ngenxa yokuqukethwe kwawo okuphezulu kwevithamini C, i-methyl salicylate, ama-resin namafutha abalulekile, ethula izinzuzo ezahlukahlukene zomzimba kanye nezifo ezahlukahlukene, ngakho-ke izifundo eziningi zenzelwe izakhiwo ze-Birch. emkhakheni wesayensi yezitshalo, imithi kanye ne-biochemistry, egqamisa ukubaluleka kwayo okukhulu emphakathini.
Umsuka kanye Nezimpawu
I-birch ingaziwa ngokuthi i-birch evamile, i-birch yaseYurophu, i-birch ekhalayo, i-white birch, i-pendulum birch, i-poplar yasendle, i-biezo, i-beduch, i-alder emhlophe, i-albar kanye nokunye, igama layo lesayensi elithi Betula pendula, lihambisana nesihlahla esinqunywayo ngoba ngesikhathi esisodwa. ngesikhathi sonyaka ilahlekelwa amaqabunga ikakhulukazi ngezikhathi zasebusika kanti amanye aze alahlekelwe amaqabunga awo ngezinkathi ezomile.
Isihlahla esidabuka eYurophu, singabonakala naseNyakatho Afrika naseNingizimu-ntshonalanga ye-Asia, izinhlobo zezilwane zazibonakala nasenyakatho yeTurkey, eCaucasus naseCanada. Ukuba isihlahla esinesici kakhulu sezindawo ezibandayo kanye nezimo zezulu ezipholile kakhulu.
Ibonakala ngokuba nesiqu esincanyana kakhulu (cishe amamitha angu-2 ububanzi) iba namagxolo amhlophe qwa uma isikhulile futhi ibe nsundu lapho isencane, igcina indawo emnyama bhuqe phansi kwesiqu esiqhekeka ngokukhula. isikhathi kanye nobudala. Ngokuvamile zikhula emiphakathini yama-birch, njengoba zizacile kakhulu kuzivumela ukuba zithathe indawo encane futhi ngenxa yalokho zingancintisani nomhlaba eziwuhlanganisayo.
Endabeni yomqhele i-oval ngokuphelele futhi inamaqabunga kakhulu kodwa ivame ukuba nomthunzi omncane kakhulu, ngaphezu kwalokho ukuma kwamagatsha awo aqondile futhi anamaqabunga afinyelela kumasentimitha angu-6, angathatha isimo se-cylindrical, futhi ifinyelela emaphethelweni eqabunga, inombala oluhlaza ofiphele oshintsha ube phuzi ngokwethonya lezinkathi zonyaka ngaphambi kokuwa ngokuphelele.
Igqama ngokuqhakaza ekupheleni kobusika, lapho izimbali zesilisa zivela phakathi nekwindla zihlezi, zifinyelela kumasentimitha amathathu noma ayisithupha; Ngokuvamile izimbali ezi-3 zivame ukuvela ngama-bracts ayisisekelo ezimbali ezithintana namaqabunga). Endabeni yezimbali zesifazane, zivame ukuvela kuma-catkins (ama-spikes akhiwe izimbali zobulili obufanayo) cishe amasentimitha angu-1,5 kuya ku-3,5, angenziwa ngezimbali ezi-3.
Izitshalo Nokunakekela
Zonke izitshalo zinempatho ekhethekile uma kuziwa ekulinyweni njengendlela yokuhlobisa noma ingxenye yengadi yasekhaya, uma kwenzeka ama-birches avelele ngokunakekelwa okukhethekile.
Indawo
Izihlahla ze-birch kufanele zihlale zitholakala ezindaweni zangaphandle zamakhaya, zitshalwe engadini, zihlale zichayeka ngokuphelele elangeni, ziqokomisa iqiniso lokuthi ziyizihlahla ezinde kakhulu futhi zidinga indawo eyanele yokukhula. Kumele zitshalwe okungenani amamitha ayisithupha ukusuka endlini, nakuba izimpande zazo zingahlali endaweni enkulu uma zivame ukuvala ingxenye enkulu yezwe.
Imvamisa
Umhlabathi ungenye yezinto ezibalulekile okufanele zicatshangelwe lapho utshala i-birch noma isiphi isitshalo, kulokhu, inhlabathi emisha ikhethwa futhi inothile ngezinto eziphilayo, kufanele ibe ne-acidic pH ephakathi kuka-4 no-6. kufanele kusetshenziswe i-limestone ephezulu, ukugwema ukuminyana ngaso sonke isikhathi ukuze kube lula ukugeleza kwamanzi.
Ukunisela
Ukuchelela kuhambisana nenani lamanzi okumele afakwe ezitshalweni.Endabeni yamaBirches, kuyancomeka ukuthi kutshalwe endaweni lapho ukuchelela kuvame kakhulu, okungcono eduze nemifula, uma ungenawo umthombo.consisa futhi amanzi emvelo, ukuchelela kufanele kube njalo, okungenani izinsuku ezi-4 kuya kwezi-5 ehlobo.
Umbhalisile
Obhalisile uhambisana nesiteji sokwelashwa kwenhlabathi, engeza izakhi ezidingekayo zokucebisa inhlabathi kanye nokukhula kwezitshalo, esimweni se-loas birch, obhalisile kufanele enze ekuqaleni kwentwasahlobo kuze kube maphakathi nesizini. ehlobo, umanyolo we-organic uvame ukusetshenziswa kanye nomquba
Isikhathi sokutshala
Izikhathi zokutshala isihlahla se-Birch zizoncika ezinkathini zonyaka kanye namazinga okushisa angaphansi kwawo, kulokhu kunconywa ezikhathini zasentwasahlobo, ngoba isikhathi seqhwa sesidlulile futhi ukwakheka kwayo kuyathandwa.
Izihlahla
Ukuthena kunomthwalo wemfanelo wokugcina ukuhlanzeka eduze kwesihlahla, ngaleyo ndlela kunciphisa wonke amagatsha omile, anesifo noma ngisho nalawo abuthakathaka, angaphinde awele ekwindla noma ebusika, kodwa kuhle ukugcina isihlahla esimweni esihle kakhulu ukuze sithande ukukhula kwaso.
Ukuphindaphinda
Ukuphindaphinda kuhlobene ngokuphelele nokukhiqizwa ngokocansi okungenziwa isihlahla se-Birch, esingenziwa ngezindlela ezimbili:
- Imbewu
Kunconywa uma usebenzisa ukuphindaphindeka kwezihlahla ze-Birch ngembewu, kuyadingeka ukuthi uqale uzihlukanise, okungukuthi, ukuthambisa imbewu isikhathi esithile, kulokhu kuhle ukubeka imbewu emazingeni okushisa aphansi njengokugcina imbewu. esiqandisini isikhathi esithile cishe izinyanga ezintathu, ngemva kwalokho singangcwatshwa ebhodweni futhi iniselwe njalo.
Ngemva kokubona ukuthi imbewu iqala ukuhluma ku-seedbed, qhubeka uyigcwalise ngengxube yamaparele, wengeze ungqimba oluhle kakhulu lwesibabule noma ithusi futhi ngaleyo ndlela ugweme ukubonakala kwesikhunta bese ufutha amanzi kuwo wonke umbhede wembewu, ekugcineni Kufanele ibekwe. elangeni ngaphandle.
- Izithelo
I-cuttings yilawo ma-protuberances angabonwa esiqwini somuthi, kubhekwa njengendlela yokukhiqiza kabusha kwe-asexual. Kubhekwa njengendlela evamile yokuphindaphinda ama-birches, ikakhulukazi ngesikhathi sasebusika. Inqubo yenziwa ngokusika igatsha elingamasentimitha angama-40, khona-ke amahomoni akhethekile ayimpuphu kufanele engezwe eduze kwesisekelo, bese ekugcineni ahlwanyele ku-substrate.
- Okuhleliwe
I-Layering ihambisana nendlela yokwenziwa yokufeza ukusakazeka kwezitshalo, ukulawula izinga layo lomswakama, inani lenhlabathi kanye nezinga lokushisa; lapho ukubonakala kwezimpande kuvunyelwe ngokuhamba kwesikhathi. Ezihlahleni ze-Birch, ukubeka komoya kuvame ukusetshenziswa entwasahlobo.
Inqubo okufanele ilandelwe ukusika indandatho egxolweni ububanzi obuyisentimitha elilodwa noma amabili ububanzi ukusuka kwelinye lamagatsha anempilo, bese ufutha amanzi bese wengeza amahomoni ayimpuphu, uthathe isikhwama sepulasitiki esimnyama, usivule bese usibeka egatsheni. intambo. Okokugcina, isikhwama se-substrate kufanele sigcwaliswe esifakwe ngaphambili bese siniselwa ngesirinji.
Izinhlobo ezisetshenziswa kabanzi njenge-bonsai
Igama elithi bonsai livela ku-bon elisho "ithreyi" nelithi sai "lima", kubhekwa njengobuciko obenziwa imvelaphi yaseJapane ukutshala izihlahla nezihlahla, ngale ndlela ungakwazi ukulawula ubukhulu obuyigcina buncane kakhulu kunezimo zayo zemvelo, usebenzisa okukhethekile. amasu okongiwa kwayo njengokuthena, ukubopha, ucingo olucijile, phakathi kokunye. Uphawu oluyinhloko lwe-bonsai ingunaphakade, futhi libhekwa njengebhuloho phakathi kokomoya nomuntu.
Phakathi kwezinye zezihlahla ezisetshenziswa kakhulu njenge-bonsai ama-birches, atholakala kabanzi ezindaweni ezihlukene futhi ezifunwa abantu abaningi, izimo zokongiwa kwesihlahla yilezi ezilandelayo okumele zigqanyiswe:
- Indawo: Kumele zitholakale ezindaweni ezingaphandle kwezindlu, zichayeke elangeni.
- Ukunisela: kuhle ukunisela njalo. Lezi zinhlobo zezihlahla azisindi ezikhathini zesomiso esinamanzi amancane.
- I-Substrate: Bavame ukusebenzisa i-akadama, ihambelana nebhola lobumba oluyi-granulated elinikeza inhlabathi i-pH engathathi hlangothi, ebalulekile ezitshalweni ze-bonsai.
- Obhalisile: Umanyolo unconywa ukuthi usetshenziswe entwasahlobo naphakathi nehlobo, usetshenziswe ngendlela ewuketshezi engenalo ulaka ku-bonsai.
- Izitayela: Inzuzo ye-Birch bonsai ingashintshwa ukuze ihambisane nemvelo ehlukahlukene njengamahlathi kanye nokuma okusemthethweni.
- Ukuthena: Izihlahla ze-birch kufanele zithenwe kusukela zisencane kakhulu, zisuse amagatsha engeziwe aphumayo futhi ashintshe isitayela sawo.
- Ukufakelwa kabusha: Endabeni ye-birch bonsai, kufanele itshalwe kabusha njalo eminyakeni emi-2-3.
Ukusetshenziswa kwe-birch
Ukusetshenziswa okuyinhloko kwama-Birches kuwukuhlobisa, kubhekwa njengesitshalo esingatshalwa ngezinjongo zobuhle nezokuhlobisa ngaphakathi kwendlu ngisho nasezingadini zasekhaya. Izikhathi eziningi zisetshenziswa njengohlobo olulodwa noma ngamaqembu, nakuba zingezona uhlobo olunikeza umthunzi omningi, zingasetshenziswa njengezikrini zemvelo kanye nabahlobisi bezwe.
Ama-birches athathwa njengezihlahla ezinhle ezisebenza kahle emikhakheni ehlukahlukene, okuhlanganisa imingcele engokomoya ngenxa yezakhiwo zawo zokwelapha, ezimele kwamasiko amaningi uphawu lokuhlanzeka okubangelwa ikakhulukazi umbala omhlophe ozungeze isiqu namagatsha awo.
Izakhiwo ze-Birch
Kumele kuqashelwe ukuthi kuye kwenziwa izifundo eziningi mayelana nemithi yokwelapha izihlahla ze-birch, ezibonakala kakhulu ngokuqukethwe kwazo okuphezulu kwe-vitamin C, i-betulin, i-methyl salicylate ingenye yezinto ezihlinzeka ngezakhiwo ezibalulekile ze-antiseptic, antifungal, anti- ukuvuvukala, ukuphulukisa, i-antihemorrhagic kanye ne-analgesic. Isiza kakhulu ekulweni nezinye izifo ezifana nalezi:
- Ukukhuluphala ngokweqile nokukhuluphala ngokweqile: kusetshenziswe njengengxenye yokudla okunciphisa umzimba, ukusebenzisana nokuncipha kwesisindo.
- Ukugcinwa kwe-Fluid: ngenxa yezakhiwo zayo ezibalulekile ze-diuretic ukufeza ukugqugquzelwa kwezinso, ngaphezu kweqiniso lokuthi ayinalo udlame nomzimba, ithanda ukusebenza ngempumelelo.
- I-arthritis: ibhekwa njengesifo esinamandla kakhulu futhi esifanelekile empilweni yomuntu, ngenxa yezindawo zayo zokulwa nokuvuvukala ivumela ukuvuvukala kwamalunga futhi iphinde iqede uketshezi olugciniwe.
- I-Cystitis: Ibalulekile ekwelapheni esinyeni okungase kubangele ukusabela kulawo magciwane e-pathogenic.
- Isifo sohudo: singadliwa ngokungeza ingxenye yamagxolo enkomishini yamanzi, ngemva kokuhlanjululwa kathathu ngosuku.
- Amatshe ezinso: Kulokhu kuhle ukusebenzisa i-birch sap, ivumela amatshe ukuba ahlakaze. Kumele kuqashelwe ukuthi kufanele ikhishwe esiteji sasebusika futhi ithathe imithamo emincane ngosuku.
Kukhona inani elikhulu lezindawo zokuphulukisa ze-birch, kodwa kunconywa ukuthi ungasebenzisi kabi ama-infusions isikhathi esingaphezu kwamasonto amabili ngokulandelana, ikakhulukazi uma kukhona ukusetshenziswa kwemithi ye-anticoagulant noma izinkinga zamathumbu.
Sithemba ukuthi lesi sihloko sibe usizo, sikushiyela abanye ozokuthanda ngokuqinisekile: