Impendulo esheshayo nelula yokuthi kungani isibhakabhaka siluhlaza yilokho Umoya osemkhathini woMhlaba udonsa ukukhanya okuvela eLangeni okufika kuwo.. Ukukhanya okuluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka kuhlakaza kakhulu kuneminye imibala ngoba kuhamba ngamagagasi amancane, abanzi. Futhi ukukhanya okuluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka kusabalala emoyeni, okwenza isibhakabhaka sethu sibonakale siluhlaza isikhathi esiningi.
Kodwa uma ufuna ukwazi kabanzi mayelana Kungani isibhakabhaka siluhlaza, khona-ke sizokutshela isisekelo sesayensi esiphelele kancane, ngaphezu kwezinye izinto ezithokozisayo.
Ukwakheka komoya womhlaba
Okokuqala, ake siqale ngesingeniso esifushane sokwakheka komkhathi womhlaba. Njengoba ukwakheka komkhathi kuthonya umbala esibona ngawo isibhakabhaka.
Umkhathi uwungqimba olungaphandle kakhulu lweplanethi yethu, olulula kakhulu, lwakhiwe amagesi ahlukahlukene ngezilinganiso ezihlukene. La magesi ayadingeka ukuze zonke izinto eziphilayo zibe khona emhlabeni. Umkhathi futhi uqukethe izinto eziqinile ezimisiwe kanye noketshezi lwemvelaphi yemvelo noma olususelwa emisebenzini yabantu. Amagesi akha umkhathi yilawa: i-nitrogen, i-oxygen, isikhutha, i-argon, amagesi ahloniphekile, i-methane, i-hydrogen, i-nitrous oxide, i-carbon monoxide, i-ozone, umhwamuko wamanzi nama-aerosols. Lapha sizokutshela okuncane mayelana nezibaluleke kakhulu.
I-nitrogen
I-nitrogen yenza cishe u-4/5 womkhathi; i-1/5 esele i-argon. Ingxenye yomkhathi enomthamo omkhulu kunayo yonke i-nitrogen.
I-nitrogen iyisici kubalulekile ekuvundeni kwenhlabathi; Ingenye yamagesi avame kakhulu emkhathini. Kodwa-ke, izitshalo zimunca kuphela i-1% yalesi sici ngoba i-nitrogen iyigesi engashi futhi kunzima ukuyihlanganisa namanye amagesi. Ngenxa yalokho, amagciwane athile ayadingeka ukuze aphule la ma-molecule e-nitrogen ukuze izitshalo ziwasebenzise.
Oxygen
Iyingxenye yesibili egcwele kakhulu endaweni yonke.. Imele u-21% wevolumu yegesi; nokho, kubalulekile futhi ukuze zonke izinto eziphilayo ziphefumule futhi zikhule. Ukuba khona kwayo kuyadingeka ukuze zonke izinqubo zomlilo zenzeke.
I-Oxigen Iyingxenye yamakhemikhali ebalulekile yazo zonke izidalwa eziphilayo.. Ingxenye yesine yawo wonke ama- molecule azo zonke izinto eziphilayo anomoya-mpilo. Lokhu kwenza kube lula ukuthi umoya-mpilo uhlangane nezinye izakhi ukuze kwakhe ama-molecule amasha.
Isikhutha
I-Carbon Dioxide (CO2) ingenye yamagesi amaningi emkhathini. Ingxenye yawo emkhathini ingahluka kuye nesikhathi nendawo. I-CO2 ikhiqizwa ngokubola kwezinto eziphilayo, ukuphefumula kwezinto eziphilayo, kanye nokushiswa kwezinto zokubasa ezimbiwa phansi.. Futhi, i-photosynthesis ezitshalweni nasezilwandle ingakhokhela lokhu.
Ngaphambi kweNguquko Yezimboni, kwakunezingxenye ezingama-280 esigidini ngasinye se-carbon dioxide emoyeni. Noma kunjalo, amazinga ale gesi ebamba ukushisa aye anda kakhulu ngokuhamba kweminyaka ngenxa yokulahleka kwempilo yezitshalo. Ngokwesilinganiso, izingxenye ezingama-410 esigidini ngasinye se-carbon dioxide zisemoyeni njengamanje. Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi izizathu ze-atrophic zibangela ingxenye engaphezu kwengxenye yezingxenye ezingu-410 esigidini ngasinye emoyeni.
UMethane
Ngaphambi kwesikhathi sezimboni, umkhathi wethu wawuqukethe cishe u-200% we-methane owuqukethe namuhla. Izilinganiso ziphakamisa ukuthi umkhathi wamanje womkhathi we-methane ucishe ube izingxenye ezimbili esigidini ngasinye.
Uma kuqhathaniswa ne-carbon dioxide, umphumela we-greenhouse we-methane unamandla izikhathi ezingu-25. Ngeshwa, umphumela we-carbon dioxide emkhathini ungama-17% kuphela engqikithi. Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi umphumela we-C02 mkhulu kakhulu uma usendaweni encane.
Ozone
I-ozone yakha ungqimba lwe ukuvikelwa emisebeni ye-ultraviolet evela elangeni. Ukube bekungengenxa ye-ozone, imisebe yeLanga ibiyocekela phansi zonke izinto eziphilayo emhlabeni. Umkhathi wale gesi uyashintsha ngezikhathi ezithile zonyaka futhi uyahlukahluka kuye ngokuphakama kwakho kanye ne-latitude. Ivamise ukuba phakathi kwamakhilomitha ayi-15 no-35 ukuphakama.
I-Aerosoles
Ngokuyinhloko bahileleke ekwakhekeni kwama-condensation nuclei, ezibucayi ku ukwakheka kwamafu. Ngaphezu kwalokho, abangela ukungcoliswa komoya ngenxa yokuba khona kwawo emkhathini. Ezinye zibhekwa njengezinhlayiya ezimisiwe eziwuketshezi noma eziqinile. Imithombo ye-aerosol ihlanganisa izinto eziphilayo, izinhlayiya zothuli, intuthu, umlotha, namakristalu kasawoti. Izinqubo ezithile zemvelo nazo zingakha ama-aerosol, isibonelo ukunyakaza kwamagagasi olwandle.
Kungani isibhakabhaka siluhlaza?
Uthingo luqukethe yonke imibala yokukhanya kwelanga. Ukukhanya kwelanga kubonakala kumhlophe, kodwa empeleni yiyo yonke imibala yothingo.
I-prism iyikristalu enomumo oyingqayizivele, futhi lapho ukukhanya okumhlophe kudlula kuyo, ihlukanisa ukukhanya kuyo yonke imibala yayo.
La NASA ekhasini layo linengxenye echazwayo yezingane ebizwa ngokuthi: Izwe Lomlingo WeWindows. Lapha kubonisa ukuthi kunezinhlobo eziningi ezahlukene zokukhanya ezisizungezile, ngale kwalokho esingakubona.
Ezinye izibani zihamba ngamagagasi amafushane kanti ezinye izibani zihamba ngamagagasi amade. Ukukhanya okuluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka kuhamba ngamaza amafushane futhi ukukhanya okubomvu kuhamba ngamagagasi amade. Ukukhanya nakho kuhamba ngamagagasi, njengamandla azungeza amagagasi olwandle.
Ngaphandle uma ukukhanya kudlula entweni, kuhamba ngomugqa oqondile. Uma idlula entweni, enye yezinto ezilandelayo ingenzeka ekukhanyeni:
- Lokho bonisa: njengezibuko zibonisa izinto noma ichibi libonisa isibhakabhaka.
- Lokho kabili: njengama-prism nezinye izinto ezichezukisa ukukhanya.
- Lokho baxoshe: into efanayo eyenzekayo ngamagesi atholakala emkhathini.
Umkhathi womhlaba ugcwele amagesi nezinhlayiyana, ezisakaza ukukhanya nhlangothi zonke lapho kungena emkhathini. Ukukhanya okuluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka okufinyelela eMhlabeni kuhlakazeke kakhulu kuneminye imibala ngoba kushayisana nama-molecule amancane emkhathini. futhi ngenxa yokuthi amagagasi ayo mafushane futhi mancane. Isikhathi esiningi, siyakwazi ukubona isibhakabhaka esiluhlaza ngenxa yokuhlakazeka kokukhanya okuluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka kuzo zonke izinhlangothi.
Lapho ilanga liphansi emkhathizwe, isibhakabhaka sibonakala simhlophe noma siluhlaza sasibhakabhaka.. Ukukhanya okudlule kumamitha amaningi omoya kuye kwasakazwa futhi kwaphambukiswa ama-molecule omoya izikhathi eziningana. Ubuso bomhlaba buye babonakalisa futhi bahlakaza ukukhanya. Lapho yonke le mibala ihlanganiswa ndawonye futhi, sibona okumhlophe okungaphezulu nokuncane okuluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka.
Uma isibhakabhaka sibukeka siluhlaza, kungani ukushona kwelanga kubomvu?
Njengoba iLanga lishona phansi esibhakabhakeni, likhanya ezingxenyeni eziningi zomkhathi, lihlakaza okuningi kokukhanya okuluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka. Ukukhanya okubomvu nokuphuzi kudlula ngaphandle kokunyakaza, futhi sikubona ngamehlo ethu.
Sinjani umbala wesibhakabhaka ku-Mars?
Ukushona kwelanga ku-Mars
I-Mars inomoya omncane oqukethe isikhutha futhi ugcwele izinhlayiya zothuli ezincane. Umkhathi usakaza ukukhanya ngokwehlukile kunomkhathi woMhlaba, owenziwe ngamagesi kanye nezinhlayiya zothuli ezinkulu.
Kule planethi, isibhakabhaka siba nombala osawolintshi noma obomvu emini kanye nombala oluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka-mpunga lapho iLanga lishona.. I-NASA inezithombe ezibonisa lokhu kuma-Rovers abo nama-Landers.