Iyo Incense Plant, rusenzi yenhema kana plectrant (Plectranthus coleoides. var. marginatus), chinowanikwa kunyika dzakati wandei dzeSouthern Hemisphere, ichirimwa chidiki, chine mashizha ane girinhi nepakati nemuganhu muchena. Chirimwa chinopa munhuwi wakafanana nerusenzi uye chinogona kurimwa kuti chishandiswe pakushongedza. Ndinokukoka iwe kuti udzidze zvakawanda nezve chirimwa ichi.
The Frankincense Plant
Apo mumwe anotaura nezverusenzi, munhu anobva afunga nezvezvinonhuwira, ndarama nemura, zvipo zvakapiwa naVarume Vatatu Vakachenjera vanobva Mabvazuva kuMwana Jesu apo akaberekwa. Zvipo izvi zvakapiwa zvakanga zvine zvazvinoreva, ndarama: chakapiwa kwaari nokuda kwokuva Mambo waMadzimambo, zvinonhuwira nokuda kwokuva Mwari, nokuti resin iyi yakapiswa pamberi paVamwari nemura nokuda kwokuva Jesu munhu, nokuti vanhu vakanga nayo akaomeswa.
Muti unobviswa resin pakugadzira rusenzi, iyo vaMagi vakapa sechipo, ungave waiva Boswellia sacra, sezvo marudzi mana emiti yejenasi anozivikanwa Boswellia sp. panobva rusenzi yeunhu hwakasiyana-siyana. Murume kana mukadzi Boswellia mapoka emhando dzakasiyana dzemiti ine bark ine resin inonhuhwirira, iyo ine zvakasiyana-siyana zvemishonga zvinoshandiswa, zvakadai sekurwisa-kupisa.
Zvisinei, munyaya ino inoongororwa, rudzi rwemiti Plectranthus coleoides inova chikamu chemhuri yebotanical: Lamiaceae, uko kunosvika mazana matatu emarudzi emiti yeherbaceous akanyoreswa. Izvi zvinomera zvinozvarwa kunzvimbo dzinodziya dzeSouthern Hemisphere, dzakadai se: Africa, Australia, Indonesia neIndia.
Pakati pemhando dzakatsanangurwa dzeMhuri iyi, ndeidzi: Plectranthus coleoides, P. ciliatus, P. verticillatus, P. oertendahlii, P. caninus (Coleus canina), P. forsteri, P. zuluensis uye inowanzonzi chirimwa chezvinonhuwira, rusenzi yenhema kana kuti plectrant.
Icho chirimwa chine herbaceous, chinokambaira chine masikwende hunde, mashizha ayo akanaka akasiyana-siyana anosiyaniswa neyakajeka ruvara rwegirinhi ine wavy machena edge. Kune rumwe rutivi, maruva ayo haafadzi uye naizvozvo anomutsa chido chekushongedza zvishoma, mashizha ayo kana akapwanyika anobudisa kunhuhwirira kwakafanana nezvinonhuwira, saka zita rayo rakashata kana rinozivikanwa. Nekuda kwechitarisiko chavo chinokambaira, chinoshandiswa semiti yekushongedza munzvimbo dzemukati, dzakaiswa mumapoto.
Zviratidzo
Rusenzi kana rusenzi yenhema, chirimwa chine herbaceous chinenge 50 kusvika 60 centimita kumusoro, chinobva kuIndia chinoshandiswa sechirimwa chekushongedza chemukati, sezvo chichifarira kugashira chiedza chezuva, chinorimwa mumapoto akarembera uye anodyara ayo anopararira munzvimbo yese. nyika nokuda kwetsika dzayo dzokukambaira.
Botanical classification
Mhuri. Lamiaceae
Gender: Plectrantus
Zvisikwa: Plectranthus coleoides
Mashoko anoreva zvakafanana: Plectranthus coleoides var. Marginatus; Plectranthus colloids variegata; Plectranthus Madagascariensis "Marginatus"
Vulgar kana zita rakajairika: chirimwa chezvinonhuwira, rusenzi yenhema uye plectrant.
Zita resainzi re Plectrantus Inoumbwa nemazwi maviri echiGiriki: plecton, spur uye vanhu, ruva. Iyo inoreva kune chikamu chekumashure checorolla chine spur-shaped yekuwedzera, uye zita chairo re. coleoids zvinoreva muchimiro kana zvakafanana necoleus, Solenostemon scutellarioides, inonyatsozivikanwa mune horticulture se Coleus blumei.
Kupararira kwayo muhorticulture kwakapa kune zvakasiyana-siyana Plectranthus coleoides aiva. marginatus Hort. Iine mukaka-chena mashizha mashizha uye pepuru margins.
morphological characters
Icho chirimwa cheperennial herbaceous chine tsika inokambaira, inowanikwa kuIndia. Chirimwa chinonhuwira chine mwero uri pakati pe50 kusvika 60 centimeters, chiri kukurumidza kukura asi chisingaite sechirimwa chinoparadza. Iyi mhuka inowanikwa zvakasikwa mumakomo eIndia uye yakaunzwa kunyika dzakasiyana-siyana papasi, dzinoti: China nenyika dziri muAfrica.
Mashizha emiti yezvinonhuwira akatarisana, madiki muhukuru pakati pe5 kusvika ku10 masendimita, oval muchimiro, ane muganhu, ane mavara maviri, ndiko kuti, ane variegated mashizha eruvara rwakajeka uye muganhu wakachena. Nekuda kwemhando yavo yekukura, zvinonhuwira zvinomera Plectranthus coleoides inoshongedza zvikuru kana yakasimwa mumabhasikiti akarembera, pasherufu yakakwirira, kana mumapurasi pamateru asingagamuchire zuva rakananga.
Iine maruva madiki-diki ekushongedzwa kushoma, akajeka lilac kana chena, akarongwa mumasumbu.Painokura, madzinde ayo anochinja iwo ruvara kubva kugirinhi kusvika kutsvuku. Kana akakwizwa, mashizha anopa kunhuhwirira kwakanaka kunoyeuchidza zvinonhuwira. Inojaira kudziya tembiricha uye muchando inoshingirira tembiricha iri pakati pe13 ne16 °C.
Kutumbuka kwaro kunoitika mumwedzi yezhizha, maruva ayo akarongedzerwa mumitsipa yakamira inoumbwa nediki machena kana akareruka lilac maruva. Vamwe vachengeti vezvirimwa izvi vanochekerera maruva avo kuitira kuti mamwe mashizha abude.
Kuchengetwa kwemiti
Kuti utarise zvakanaka chero chirimwa, zvinokurudzirwa kuziva kwainobva zvirimwa mumasikirwo kuti utitungamirire maererano nezvinodiwa zvechiedza, mvura, fetiraiza, nguva yekuchekerera, rudzi rwevhu, rudzi rwekukura rwunotaura. iwe kwauchadyara chirimwa uye kana zviri zvinomera zvinokura zvakanaka mumumvuri, zuva rakazara kana zuva risina kunanga.
kwaichaiwana
Icho chirimwa chinopisa, mukuona ichi chinokurudzirwa kuti chiise munzvimbo dzinodziya mukati meimba uye, zvisinei, kuti inogamuchira huwandu hwakanaka hwezuva umo zuva rakananga risingasviki. Nzvimbo inodyarwa zvinomera inofanira kuva nemusiyano mudiki pakati pemasikati nehusiku, tembiricha yakakodzera iri pakati pe15°C ne22°C.
Mumba munokurudzirwa kuti muiise pedyo nemahwindo kana pamiteuro yakavharwa kuitira kuti mwaranzi yezuva isvike pairi zvisina kunanga uye kana ichinge yadyarwa mubindu rekunze inofanira kumera miti kuti iite mumvuri wevhu raunodyara. Izvi zvinomera zvakafanana zvichapa kudziya nekudzivirirwa kubva kumhepo ine simba mumwaka wechando.
Kudiridza
Ichi chirimwa cheAsia mavambo, chinouya muzvisikwa kubva kunzvimbo dzine tembiricha inodziya uye hunyoro hwemamiriro ekunze nekuda kweichi chikonzero: inokurudzirwa kudiridza kazhinji mumwedzi yezhizha kuitira kuchengetedza ivhu rakanyorova uye panguva imwe chete rakanyungudutswa. taura kuti haina mvura Mumwedzi yechando, kudiridza kunofanira kuva kushoma, kana ichida mvura, iwe uchaona izvi kana ivhu riri muhari rakaoma.
Munyika dzakadzikama dzine mwaka, zvinokurudzirwa kunwisa nguva nenguva muzhizha, uye mune imwe mwedzi yegore kuti kudiridza zvishoma, uye nguva dzose ziva kuti ivhu rakanyungudutswa zvakanaka, kureva kuti, usati wadiridza zvakare, tanga kutarisa hunyoro hwevhu. . Zvichienderana nemabatirwo ezvirimwa zvauri kurima, unokwanisa kuyera hunyoro hwevhu, kungave: nemudziyo wekuyeresa hunyoro, netsvimbo yemuti woona kuti yakabuda yakachena here kana kuti ivhu ranamatira nekuti yatota.
Unogona kushandisa chigunwe chako kusvika pakadzika kusvika 2 centimeters kana kuyera hari ine huremu uye kana isingaremei inguva yekudiridza. Panyaya yekuisa ndiro pasi pehari, zvinokurudzirwa kuti kana yadiridza, ibvise maminitsi makumi matatu mushure mekudiridza. Izvi zvinodzivirira midzi yemiti yezvinonhuwira kubva pakuora uye kudzivirirawo kuvapo kwefungi. Saka, inofanira kudiridzwa kaviri kana katatu pavhiki mumwaka wechirimo uye wezhizha, uye mumwaka wekudonha nechando kamwe chete pavhiki.
Fertilization
Inofarira nzvimbo dzine mhepo yakanaka kudzivirira kuvapo kwezvipembenene nezvirwere. Fetereza inogona kuiswa pamwe chete nemvura yekudiridzira, zvichienderana nemwero unopihwa zvirimwa izvi. Kuwanda kwekuiswa kwefetereza kunozogadziridzwa kumatanho akasiyana ekukura, dosi refotereza rinozoiswa pakukura kwemashizha uye imwe dhamu yefetereza inozoiswa pakutumbuka.
kudyara substrate
Mumamiriro avo echisikigo, zvinomera zvinonhuhwirira zvinogara munzvimbo dzine ivhu rakanyatsodururwa, saka mukupararira kwavo vanofanirwa kugadzirira ivhu rakanyoroveswa nekuda kweizvi: substrate inoshandiswa pakurima kwavo nechikamu che30% perlite uye kuwedzera dhizaini. mabhora evhu akawedzerwa ekuchengetera vana, izvi zvinobvumira mvura kusefa nekukasika uye haiputi ivhu.
Fetereza kana manyowa anowedzerwa muchikamu chekukura kwezvirimwa mumwaka wechirimo nezhizha, organic fertilizer senge guano inokurudzirwa kune izvi. Iwe unogonawo kushandisa manyowa kana makemikari fetiraiza muhuwandu hwakaderera, iyo ine zvikamu zve nitrogen, phosphorus uye potassium, izvi zvichasimbisa mashizha, stem kukura, midzi uye kudzivirira kuwa kwemaruva.
Kugadziriswa
Vanokurudzira kuvandudza zvirimwa makore matatu ega ega, zvichipihwa kuti nekufamba kwenguva madzinde anorebesa paanenge achikura uye mashizha anotanga kukura zvakanyanya akananga kumusoro uye kushoma pazasi pedzinde. Kuti uvandudze zvirimwa, zvinokurudzirwa kutora cuttings gore negore.
Kuchekerera miti yezvinonhuwira
Kuchekerera ndeye phytosanitary kubvisa mashizha akasvava nemaruva, kuitira kudzivirira kuvapo kwefungi, mabhakitiriya uye zvipembenene. Zvinokurudzirwa kutema matavi kudzora kureba kwechirimwa kusvika kuhafu yehukuru hwayo, izvi zvinobatsira hutano hwemuti wezvinonhuwira uye kukura kwemashizha matsva uye hutano uye hutsika hwakasimba. Kana iwe uchitya, funga kuti ndeyekubatsira kwemuti, inokurudzirwa kutema diagonally uye pedyo nekukura nodes ye stem.
kuparadzirwa kwezvirimwa
Zvidyarwa zvefrankincense zvinogona kuparadzirwa nyore nyore nekucheka anenge 6 kusvika 8 inches kureba. Inoda chiedza chakawanda, asi chiedza chezuva chinosvika kwachiri zvisina kunanga, chinoda nzvimbo dzine mwando uye dzinodziya; Nekuchengetedza kwayo, kudiridza nguva dzose kunokurudzirwa, ivhu rakapfuma mu humus kana organic matter uye ine mvura yakanaka.
Kupararira kwayo kunogona kuitwa mukati megore rose, chero bedzi ichichengetwa munzvimbo dzinodziya. Mumwaka wechirimo, kuparadzirwa nekucheka kuchave nekukurumidza. Aya makucheka anogona midzi mumvura, chero bedzi pane zvakawanda zvekupisa uye chiedza. Inokwanisa kurwiswa nezvipukanana zvakaita secottony mealybug uye fungus.
Madenda nezvirwere
Zvishongedzo zvinonhuhwirira zvinoshingirira kune zvipembenene nezvirwere, kunyangwe nguva nenguva kuongororwa kwezvirimwa kunofanirwawo kuitwa kuitira kudzivirira kurwiswa nemaaphid, zvipembenene kana zvimwe zvipembenene, kana kurwiswa nefungal bacteria. Pamusoro peizvi, kana kuchengetedza kwakanaka kusingaitwe, kunogona kuve nekurasikirwa kweshizha nekuda kwekuwandisa kana kushomeka kwemvura uye kumwe kukanganisa kwemuviri.
Nekuda kwehunyoro hwakawandisa, midzi inogona kuora uye mashizha anosvava, kana ukaona mashizha akatsvuka achidonha, zvino zvinogona kunge zviri nekuda kwekuwandisa kwemvura uye nzvimbo yekudonha zvachose inoitika. Kuti uchengetedze sirivha, unofanirwa kushandura ivhu uye kubvisa chirimwa, kuputira midzi yayo nemucheka wepapepa usiku hwose uye zuva rinotevera dzvarazve muhari itsva yevhu, usati wadyara shandisa fungicide pamidzi .
Zvipembenene zvinowanzobata zvirimwa zvezvinonhuwira zvihozhwa uye slugs vanofarira kudya mashizha avo, vanowanzorwisa miti yakasimwa munzvimbo dzekunze uye inova dambudziko rakakura. Nekuda kwekushayikwa kwemvura yemuchina wetsika, kana kuti kune yakakwira density yemiti inodzivirira kutenderera kwemhepo yakanaka, inogona kutungamirira mukuumbwa kwefungi.
Izvi zvinogona kuita kuti zvidyarwa zvezvinonhuwira zvirware, zvichiratidza kukuvadzwa kwe mildew kana grey mold, inogadzirwa ne spores ye phytopathogenic fungus. Phytophthora sp. Izvi zvinogona kuonekwa kana mavara akaonekwa sekunge nehupfu hwegrey. Kana zvakadaro, fungicide inofanira kuiswa. Zvadaro, chengetedza kuchengetedza kwemiti inobva pamhangura kana sulfuri, maererano nemishonga inotsanangurwa nenyanzvi uye shandisa kudiridza kana zvichidiwa, kudzivisa kunyorova.
kutenda kwakakurumbira
Nemhaka yokunhuhwirira kwayo kwerusenzi, kune chitendero chakakurumbira chokuti chirimwa chacho chiratidzo cherombo rakanaka uye kuti kana munhuwi wawo werusenzi wabudiswa, zvinoreva kuti mashoko akanaka asvika. Pamusoro peizvi, zvirimwa zvezvinonhuwira zvinobatsira kudzinga umhutu neumhutu. Pamwe nekunhuhwirira zvakatipoteredza.
Ndinokukoka iwe kuti udzidze zvakawanda nezve: